~~~zLD(O0 WHOI-91-18

1\~~~zLD(O0 WHOI-91-18

A Compilation of Moored Current Meter Data andWind Recorder Data from the Severe Environment

Surface Mooring (SESMOOR)Volume XLIII

by

Gennaro H. Crescenti, Susan A. Tarbell, and Robert A. Weller

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods Hole, Massachusetts 02543

July 1991

Technical Peport

Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Researchunder Contract No. N00014-84-C-0134, NR 083-400 and Grant No. N00014-90-J-1423.

Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose of the United StatesGovernment. This report should be cited as Woods Hole Oceanog. Inst. Tech. Rept,

WHOI-91-18.

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. ,I

Approved for Distribution

J -James LuyteV, ChairmanDepartment of Physical Oceanography

Preface

This volume is the 43rd in a series of technical reports presenting mooredcurrent meter and associated data collected by the WHOI Buoy Group. Only thevolumes covering data gathered since 1978 are listed here.

A data directory and bibliography for the years 1963-1978 have been publishedas WHOI Technical Report 79-88.

A Technical Memorandum, WHOI-3-S8, describes the current meter dataprocessing system and its use.

Volume WHOI Author ExperimentNo. Ref. No.

XVIII 79-65 Tarbell, S., N1. G. Briscoe 1978 JASINand R. A. Weller

XXI 79-85 Mills, C., and P. Rhines 1978 IV. B.U.CXXIII 80-40 Tarbell, S. and R. Payne 197S POLYMODEXXVIII 81-73 Mills, C., S. Tarbell, 1978 L.D.E

XV. B. Owens and R. PayneXXIX 82-16 Levy, E. et al. 1979 INDEXXXX S2-43 Levy, E., S. Tarbell and 1979 GSE/NSOI

N. P. FofonoffXXXI 83-30 Levy, E. and S. Tarbell 1981 WESPACXXXII 83-46 Levy, E. 1979 Vema ChannelXXXIII 84-6 Spencer. A., D. Chausse 1981 -NPBC

and W. B. OwensXXXIV 84-16 Levy, E. and P. L. Richardson 1983 SEQUAL IXXXV 84-36 Tarbell, S.. N. J. Pennington 1982-4 LOTUS

and M. G. BriscoeXXXVI 34-37 Levy. E.. and P. L. Richardson 1983-4 SEQUAL IIXXXVII $;-7 Levy. E.. and P. L. Richardson 1984 SEQUAL, III

XXXVIII 85-39 Tarbell, S., E. T. Montgomery 1983-4 LOTUSand M. G. Briscoe

XXXIX S6-14 Levy. E.. and S. Tarbell 1983-4 HEBBLEXL S7-19 Tarbell. S., P. L. Richardson 1984-6 Canary Basin

and .J. PriceXLI ,7-20) LevV E.. and S. Tarbell 1983-5 Zonal PacificXLII 90-3() Luvten. ,1., ct al. 1985-7 AgulhasXLIII 91-1S Crescenti. G. H.. S. Tarbell 19SS--9 SESMOOR

;111(1 R. A. Weller

Abstract

A Severe Environment Surface Mooring (SESMOOR) was designed to make long

term meteorological and near surface oceanographic measurements in areas where

harsh environmental conditions prevail. SESMOOR was deployed in the North

Atlantic Ocean approximately 300 km southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia for 141 days

during the winter of 1988-89. Meteorological data were acquired from two Vector

Averaging Wind Recorders (VAWR) located on top of a specially designed buoy

mast and included air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure. wind

velocity, solar and longwave radiation. Sea surface temperature was also acquired by

the VAWRs. Current velocities and sea temperatures were obtained from two Vector

Measuring Current Meters (VMCM) at 20 and 50 meters below the sea surface.

This report discusses instrument performance, data quality, pre- and

post-deployment calibrations, data telemetry, data processing procedures. This

report also presents the data in a variety of displays.

i

Table of Contents

List of Tables .. .. .. .. ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .. iv

List of Figures .. .. .. ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... v

1 Introduction. .. .. ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... 1

2 Description of Mooring. .. .. ... ... ... ... .... ... ... .... 1

3 Description of Instrumentation. .. .. .. ... ... .... ... ... .... 3

4 Sensor Calibrations .. .. .. .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ...

5 Data Identification. .. .. .. ... ... ... ... .... ... ... .... 11

6 Processing of Telemetered Data. .. .. .. .. ... .... ... ... .... 12

7 Processing of Internally Recorded Data. .. .. ... ... ... ... .... 19

8 Presentation of the Time Series .. .. .. .. ... ... .... ... ... .. 21

8.1 Time Series. .. .. .. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .. 21

8.2 Statistics .. .. .. ... ... .... ... ... ... .... .....

8.3 Progressive Vectors. .. .. .. .. ... .... ... ... ... .. 21

8.4 Histograms...... ... . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .

8.5 Spectra .. .. .. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ..

Acknowledgments. .. .. .. .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... 2

References .. .. .. ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ..... 49

List of Tables

1 Severe Environment Surface Mooring Configuration. .. .. .. ... ....

2 Sensor Calbration Shifts and R~esolutions .. .. .. .. ... ... .... .. 8

3 Identification Numbers .. .. .. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .. 12

4 Data Quality Summary .. .. .. .. .... ... ... ... .... ... .. 20

5 Statistics for V-161WR and V-707WR .. .. .. .. ... ... ... ... .. 23

6 Least squares fit of V-707WR data as a function of V-161WR .. .. .. .... 24

7 Statistics for VM-026 (20 m) and VM-001 (50 m). .. .. .. ... ... .. 24

iv

List of Figures

1 SESM OOR location ................................ .2

2 SESMOOR buoy configuration ......................... 4

3 Crosstak of sea surface teuiperature thermistor probes for bath test . ... 9

4 Crosstalk of sea surface temperature probes ....................... 10

5 SESMOOR telemetry data for December 1988 of V-161WR ........... 14

6 SESMOOR telemetry data for December 1988 of V-707WR ............ 15

7 Differences between the telemetry data from V-161WR and V-707WR . . . 16

8 Telemetered wind vectors from V-161WR and V-707WR .............. 17

9 Telemetered water level, battery voltage and mooring tension .......... IS

10 V-161WR time series .................................... 25

11 V-707WR time series ..................................... 26

12 VM-026 time series ....... ............................... 27

13 VM-001 time series ....... ............................... 2S

14 V-161WR progressive wind vector plot ..... ................... 29

15 V-707WR progressive wind vector plot ......................... 30

16 VM-026 progressive cunent vector plot ......................... 31

17 VM-001 progressive current vector plot ......................... 32

18 V-161WR histograms ..................................... 33

19 V-707WR histograms ..................................... 3

20 VM-026 histograms ...................................... 37

21 VM-001 histograms ..................................... 38

22 V-161WR spectra ....................................... 39

23 V-707WR spectra ....................................... 43

24 VM-026 spectra ........................................ 47

25 VM-001 spectra ........................................ 48

v

1 Introduction

A Severe Environment Surface Mooring (SESMOOR) program was initiated at

the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) to demonstrate the capability of

making long-term meteorological and near-surface oceanographic measurements in

areas where harsh environmeatal conditions prevail (Kery, 1989). The Experiment on

Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic (ERICA) provided the opportunity

for the first successful field test of SESMOOR during the winter of 1988-89.

Rapidly intensifying cyclones or "bombs" are winter events which frequent the

western North A 1 antic O,.an from Cape Hatteras northeast to the Grand Banks of

Newfoundland (Hadlock and Kreitzberg, 1988). A boumb is defined as a storm whose

central surface barometric pressure drops at least 1 millibar per hour for 24 hours at

600 N. These intense storms often exhibit hurricane strength winds accompanied

with heavy precipitation. They can be partirularly disruptive and destructive to

maritimt shipping, fishing, recreational vessels, military exercises, coastal

communitis, and to structures such as offshore oil rigs.

SESMOOR has demonstrated that meteorological and near-surface

oceanog.aphic data can be successfully acquired during long-term deployments in a

harsh marine environment ana withstand the punishing effects from exposure to

these bombs.

This report describes the basic meteorological and oceanographic data acquired

on SESMOOR during ERICA.

2 Description of Mooring

SESMOOR was deployed from the R/V Oceanus (cruise 203) on 17 October

1988 in 2984 meters of water. The mooring location, 42033 ' N and 61'14 ' W

(Figure 1), was east of the ERICA storm center region at the approximate latitude of

1

~A

I I

/ C~ C

south are.. alsof shown.

2 ............

... .. . . ... .....

.......IO4 ...' "...........\."..

Figure 1: SESMOOR location. The r-.ooring is located at approximately 42°3')'N.

61014'W (black box). The stippling denotes the ERICA region in which tihe greaest

su-rface atmospheric pressure falls are found for ERICA-type storms. The smoothied

Continental Shelf boundary (100 fathoms) and Gulf Stream mean position (to the,

south) are also shown.

maximum bomb occurrence (Roebber, 1984). The mooring was recovered after 141

days at sea on 7 March 1989 by the R/V Endeavor (cruise 192).

The surface platform was an aluminum discus buoy, 3 meters in diameter. The

meteorological sensors and data telemetry transmitters were placed on top of a single

mast 3 meters above the mean water line (Figure 2).

This new design was developed to minimize icing conditions sometimes found

when using the conventional tripod superstructure.

Two test cages were placed on the mooring (Table 1) for continuing evaluation

of the bearings used in the current meter speed sensors. There were no meaningful

results from this test as both test cages were tangled by commercial fishing lines on

26 December. The mooring included a number of dummy current meters to simulate

the weight and dynamic loading of a typical scientific mooring. A complete technical

description of the engineering design of SESMOOR was discussed by Kery (1989).

3 Description of Instrumentation

Two Vector Averaging Wind Recorders (VAWR) (Weller et al., 1990; Dean and

Beardsley, 1988; Payne, 1974) were placed on the buoy to measure the meteorological

variables. Their WHOI designations were V-'61WR and V-707WR. The measured

variables were:

" sea surface temperature (Thermometrics thermistor);

" air temperature (YSI #44034 thermistor);

* relative humidity (Vaisala model 1518HM Humicap);

" barometric pressure (Paroscientific model 215AW-020 Digiquartz);

* wind speed and direction (R. M. Young model 5103 Wind Monitor on

V-161WR; R. M. Young model 6101 aluminum 3-cup anemometer and

WHOI-built glass reinforced plastic vane on V-707WR);

3

ANEMOMETER

SOLAR1 RAOIIATIONB3AROMETRIC PRESSUR;EAIR TEMPERATUREHUM1OITY SENSORS

6~~ ftt~

RIGID BRIDLE

Figure 2: SESMOOR buoy configuration (from Kery, 1989)

4

Table 1: Severe Environment Surface Mooring Configuration

Duration: 17 October 1988 to 7 March 1989Location: 42o32.96' N, 61-13.72' WMagnetic Variation: 21'W

Depth (m) Length (m) Item Instrument No. Data Identifier-3 VAWR V-161WR 876S1-3 VAWR V-707WR 876S2

PTT 04577PTT 04660, 04661

7 3/4" chain10 test cage

2 3/4" chain15 dummy VMCM

2 3/4" chain20 VMCM VM-026 8763

7 1/2" wire30 test cage

17 1/2" wire50 VMCM VM-001 8764

17 1/2" wire70 dummy VMCM



500 3/8" wire500 3/8" wire300 3/8" wire500 3/16" nylon

2 2 17" glass balls*500 3/16" nylonI,50 3/16" nylon

2 2 17" glass balls*engineering instrument 8765

52 22 17" glass balls*2 1/2" chain

acoustic release3 1/2" chain

20 1" nylon.5 1/2" chain

2984 anchor(7300 lbs wet weight; 8850 lbs dry weight)

• with super ribbed hardhats5

* incident solar radiation (Eppley model 8-48 Black and White Pyranometer):

e downward longwave radiation (Eppley model PIR pyrgeometer).

The data from these sensors were recorded internally on magnetic cassette tapes

as 15-minute averages. Selected variables from the last 15-minute average of each

hour from both VAWRs were stored in an internal buffer, then were transmitted to

one of the NOAA satellites when it passed overhead. The transmitted data were

accumulated and stored by Service Argos prior to data processing at WHOI.

Oceanographic data were acquired with two Vector Measuring Current Meters

(VMCM) (Weller and Davis, 1980) that were placed in the mooring line to measure

current velocity and water temperature at 20 and 50 m below the sea surface. Their

WHOI designations were VM-26 and VM-01, respectively.

The VMCM was developed at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in the

1970's and is manufactured by EG&G Ocean Products, Inc. Each VMCM has a pair

of orthogonally mounted propellers designed to have an accurate co-sinusoidal

response and measure the two horizontal components of velocity. The instrument

uses microprocessor technology and calculates east and north components of velocity

every 0.25 seconds based on the number of propeller revolutions and the compass

reading The vector and propeller values are accumulated for a specified length of

time (7.5 minutes for SESMOOR) and then recorded on magnetic tape. A record

count (clock), an instantaneous compass value and sea temperature are also recorded.

Two transmitters were placed on SESMOOR. Each transmitter was activated by

WHOI designed and built controllers. One transmitter sent engineering data such as

battery voltage and mooring tension. The other transmitter had been assigned two

platform numbers. This transmitter sent selected data from each VAWR.

6

4 Sensor Calibrations

In order to assure that the data taken on SESMOOR was reliable, pre- and

post-deployment calibrations were taken of all VAWR sensors. For the most part,

only small or negligible drifts were found. Detailed discussions of the VAWR

accuracy, reliability, precision, and resolution were documented by Weller et al.

(1990) in the Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (FASINEX). A summary of the

calibration shifts and resolution of each meteorological sensor is presented in Table 2.

The thermistors for sea surface temperature measurements showed a very small

calibration shift during the deployment. The sea surface temperature showed a

calibration shift of -0.0020°C and -0.0011°C in the range of O0 to 30'C for V-161WR

and V-707WR, respectively. The thermistors for air temperature also showed a very

slight drift of -0.0021°C and -0.0005'C over the range of -20°to +30'C. All

thermistor calibrations were conducted at a WHOI calibration facility.

An anomalous signal was noticed during post-deployment processing of the sea

surface temperature data. It was discovered in subsequent bath tests that a

"crosstalk" problem existed. Figure 3 displays an example of this crosstalk error for

a bath test at 50C for the two thermistors. These thermistor wires had shared an

unshielded cable after they passed through the bottom of the buoy. The size of the

crosstalk signal varies as the oscillators drift in and out of phase. The AC excitation

to one sensor modulates the signal to the other sensor (J. Dean, personal

communication, 1989). The total uncertainty of this crosstalk error was as large as

0.2°C during some instances of the mooring deployment (Figure 4). This problem

has been recognized and will be avoided in future buoy designs.

Post-calibration of the first relative humidity sensor (V-161WR) was not

possible since it was accidentally destroyed during the mooring recovery process. To

further complicate matters, the second humidity sensor (V-707WR) began showing

signs of significant calibration drift after the passage of a strong bomb on

7

Table 2: Sensor Calibration Shifts and Resolutions

V-161WR V-707WR

Calibration Resolution Calibration ResolutionShift Shift

Sea Surface -0.00200 C < 0.00010C -0.0011 0C < 0.00010 CTemperature

Air -0.00210 C < 0.00010 C -0.00050C < 0.00010 CTemperature

Relative 0.05% RH 0.05% RHHumidity

Barometric -0.005 mb 0.1 mb +0.063 mb 0.1 mbPressure

Wind Speed +0.78% 0.0003 m s- 1 -3.48% 0.0004 n s- I

Wind 2.8125 deg 2.8125 degDirection

Solar -2.75% 0.0014 W m - 2 -0.92% 0.0017 kV n - 2

Radiation

Longwave -5.91% 0.004 W m - 2 -8.01% 0.004 W m- 2

Radiation

8

Post cruise - Both temperature = 4 9906 c

5.050 50505.045 5 045

5.040 5040

5.035 5.035

5.030 5.030

5.025 5.025

5.020 5.020

5.015 5.015

5.010 5.0105.005 V-707WR 5.005 U

w 5.000 5.000 W

4.995 . W4.990 x 4.990

4.985 V-161WR 4.985

4.980 4.980

4.975 4.975

4.970 4.970

4.965 4.965

4.960 4.960

4.955 4.955

4.950 ,4.9500 2 4

HOURS

Figure 3: Crosstalk of sea surface temperature thermistor probes for bath test at 5C.

9

SESMOOR

V-161WR = LINE • V-707WR = line with triangle

4-940 4 940

4.920 4 920

4.900 4.900

4.880 4 RRO

4.860 4.860

4.840 4.840

4.820 4.820

4:4.800 4.800 :u.J uLJ

<4.780 4.780<

4.760 4.760

4.740 4.740

4.720 4.720

4.700 4.700

4.680 4.680

4.660 START 881222,000000 4 660

4.640 4.6400 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

HOURS

Figure 4: Crosstalk of sea surface temperature thermistor probes during SESMOOR

deployment.

10

4 January 1989. Although the second sensor never completely failed in its operation

during the deployment, a post-calibration showed anomalous behavior at relative

humidities greater than 50% RH.

The relative humidity data was not totally lost, however. Examination of the

raw frequency output signal of the first sensor showed no apparent shift with time of

the maximum peak values during saturation episodes. Thus, a slightly adjusted

original calibration was used to obtain a relative humidity time series. The second

sensor also showed the same stability during the first half of the deployment, and for

that segment, the original calibration was used. The data from the second half of the

deployment was considered useless and was discarded. Calibrations of these sensors

were performed at WHOI.

At one point during the experiment, ERICA storm forecasters questioned the

reliability of the barometric pressure sensors on SESMOOR. However, both sensors

showed excellent stability in the field. Calibration shifts of -0.005 and +0.063 mb

were found for the Paroscientific digiquartz sensors on V-161WR and V-707WR,

respectively. The pre- and post-calibrations were performed by Paroscientific, Inc.

A calibration shift of +0.78% was found in the R. M. Young wind monitor while

a -3.48% shift was observed for the aluminum cups. These calibrations were

performed by the R. M. Young Company.

Both Eppley pyranometers showed negative drifts of -2.75% and -0.92% for

V-161WR and V-707WR, respectively. The pyrgeometers also showed negative drifts

of -5.91% and -8.01%, respectively. All of the pre- and post-calibrations of the

radiation senso-s were determined by Eppley, Inc.

5 Data Identificatior,

WHOI Buoy Group data are identified by a mooring number, a sequential

instrument position number, a letter to indicate the data version and numbers to

11

Table 3: Identification Numbers

Instrument Instrument Height from Sea Data TransmittedID Mean Sea ID ID

Level (m)VAWR V-161WR 3 876S1 876T1VAWR V-707WR 3 876S2 876T2VMCM VM-26S -20 8763VMCM VM-01 -50 8764

indicate the sampling rate. For example, 8763B450 identifies data from the third

instrument on mooring 876. The version is B and the sampling rate is one record

every 7.5 minutes (450 seconds). 8763B1HG24 is a time series that has had a

Gaussian filter applied to the data. The filter has a half width of 24 hours (G24) and

is subsampled once an hour (1H).

Instruments that record on the surface platform have their position number

preceded by the letter S. 876S1F900 would be the first instrument on mooring 876,

positioned on the surface buoy and with a sampling rate of 15 minutes (900 seconds).

Telemetered data has its instrument position number preceded by a T.

Therefore, 876T1 indicates that the data in that time series had been telemetered.

This mooring had 4 instruments listed above in Table 3.

6 Processing of Telemetered Data

There were two platform transmitter terminals (PTT) on SESMOOR. The first

PTT (04577) sent 8 characters that included battery voltage and tension. The

second PTT used two logical identification numbers (04660, 04661). PTT-04660 and

PTT-04661 identified the data from V-161WR and V-707WR, respectively. The 64

characters transmitted from each ID were apportioned as follows: hour (2): sea

12

surface temperature (6); air temperature (6); relative humidity (4); barometric

pressure (4); east resultant wind velocity (6); north resultant wind velocity (6);

anemometer rotor counts (6); solar radiation (6); longwave radiation (6); engineering

data (8); and a checksum (4).

The 8 engineering characters were hour dependent. That is, each hour a

different pair of engineering parameters was sent. For instance, hour 22 provided the

engineers with the temperature of thc controller (4) and the average tension (4).

Data from the buoy transmitters was sent via NOAA satellites to Service Argos

receiving stations. The data was then accessed using two different methods.

In the first method, an IBM compatible PC using a Unix operating system at

WHOI dialed the Service Argos computer in Maryland every two hours and retrieved

the latest information. The PC was used as a database into which the ERICA storm

forecasters were able to dial and use the data in a near real time fashion to help

deteimine storm location, strength and movement.

In the second method, Service Argos accumulated the data and each morning

sent the accumulated files from the previous day over the SPAN network to a VAX

computer at WHOI. Also each morning automated procedures decoded, edited and

sorted the variables, making daily "look" files available for the user. Those variables

were stored and plotted in monthly segments. Each month seven plots were created

displaying the transmitted engineering and scientific data. Occasional 24-hour gaps

were caused by a variety of transmission failures between Service Argos and the

VAX. In such an event, we could request a retransmission of that data.

A one month example is shown in the next several figures. In Figures 5 and 6,

the time series of all the variables are shown for the month of December. The

absolute difference time series between the two VAWRs is shown in Figure 7. Wind

vectors are displayed in Figure 8 while engineering data (i.e., water level. battery

voltage, mooring tension) are shown in Figure 9.

13

6c.O...LrC Prossg,-.

10-

120

0 20-1

103

(..1 ap.1

I0 S , ' 0 6 7 'a 2 ,10 22 12 2 Ii % ISI 1 1 II I 2 2% 2l2 n 22 2' 2 U 1 0 It'

1 2 2 S 5 7 a I 1 II 12 13 S 1 i 7IS 1 I 21 "

20221 3 -"3

,1 n 2 0 31

1 2 2 4 S 6 7 4 9 10 11 12 22 It 2S 16 17 28 11 2 1 22 20 2 Z 3 2 5 2S 21 1 30 21

Lo"t e y o Lo t.,o

am

e

1 3 2 S 6 7 1 20 It 12 13 i IS 165 17 II 11 20 21 M 20 24 z 26 3 29 0 3

Oece~ber

o 2

1 2 2 4 S 5 7 a I t0 I 1 2 2 3 I IS21 8 I 0 2 22 M0 2 6 2 1 2 0 2Coc -b.r

C-

0 Dtce.be,

Figure 5: SESMOOR telemetry data for December 1988 of V-161WR.

14

- 2.. . . .oc~fl- o-nr. "r" . .

0; :CIOemorL~

2 1.2

to %010 /1 31

'T'

10

C1

2 2 t 1 7 I 8 20 2 22 22 ~ 22 6 27 28 0 20 22 2 2 I S 7 26 27 0 2 20 2

0 .0S2 2 I 2 1 7 . .. . .2 It . . . . .70 2 2 2 , -s la M 2 1

202U

C-

1 2 3 5 6 7 1 2 10 It 12 11 IS 16 17 2t120 12 21 Z2 M 2, 7 :7 2M' 2 I0

Loe 00 d .

2 3 5 6 7 1 1 10 11 12 13 11I S 1 6 1 ? 1 0 1 9'Ig20 21 22 M 21 3 '.- V5 ' 25 .3 31

001

202

1 2 2 4 S 6 7 a g lo l 2 1312 4 IS 1 6 127 12 01 20 22 2 7) 21 25 2S 27 -.1 29 30 22oece.ber

3~ 1. 2 21 7 a 20 It222 I 22 1872 2o19202 72 2 2 Zt 2 V 20 '1 50 22

Speed27-

to

Oece-be,

Figure 6: SESMOOR telemetry data for December 1988 of V-70TWR.

15

-2 . . .-

12 31 6 7 8 O it 1 13 1 61;le Ii M21 Z2 2 2,5-27 28 .1 0 31

Rr Te-pe,ctJse C .trle'ces0.21

- .1 k \ -

2 3 4 S 6 7 6 8 10 It 12 . 4 IS 16 17 t8 IS 20 21 2 2 24 2 26 27 28 2 30 D1

oLOr Te.oect-rs. d.ffere, e

0.5O.Os

t 2 3 1 S 6 7 B 9 10 II 12 13 1,1I S 6 1, 8 IS ' 0 21 Z2 23 2A Z 2' 2 ..7 2 .9 2 31

F se ew n h lmrynCOO

UL S

123 iS 6 78 9 1 1 I 1 2 -1 3 1 A15 1 6 17 j' 1 0' L8 2O~2 M 22S2 r,9N M i

So0cW Rcoor DeIemberer1r88.

6t

r 0

-100, 1...1 5 1 a 9 IC 11 12 13 4 IS Is 17 16 ig 2N 21 22 M2 24 25 25 V 29 2 30 31

Long .0ve rCd1..or' dLrrea-encasso1

1 2 1 1 S 6 7 8 9 10 1: 12 11 ly~ 65 171 20 S O 21 2 23 24 25 26 27 -'8 29 70 31Oecermcer

5peed ,frerrCes

0.5 -

S 0

I 2 3 4 6 7 9 lC 1 1. I23 1.S I , le8 ' 21 N.323 4'S SJ Z1 20 3

Figure 7: Absolute differences between the telemetry data from V-161WR and V-

707WR for December 1988.

16

" IAN .

.N -

- N

N N

g --

Fiue8 eeeerdwn etr fo DeebrC8 rmVI1 t n

V-707W .

17/

L cL

I.I f

I .* . *

L

I -. . I,

co 0

I I

CI I ,

V 0 1

0 r0

CD -V)

L L iI I -

V " I

U * - * -

C Qis

I I. - "

I V_ I . _II

I £

*. o* I. I . o*,

-. i- °I °

; - ;

K -

* * '-4 I * "- "

I -- "

0 - fO

.T.NncSPSnnO

Figure 9: Telemetered water level, battery voltage and mooring tension from SES-

MOOR during December 1988.

is

Part of the challenge 'o' handling telemetered data was being able to determine

data quality over the course of the experiment. Erroneous wild points or "spikes"

were easy to identify, however, subtle drifts in sensor calibration (like that seen in the

relative humidity sensor on V-707WR) were more difficult to identify.

7 Processing of Internally Recorded Data

After the recovery of the mooring, data from the instrument cassette tapes were

transcribed to a 9-track magnetic tape using an LSI-11 computer. The data were

then transferred from 9-track tape to disc on a VAX computer in the BUOY format.

Each time series went through a sequence of programs (Tarbell et al., 1988) that

checked the time base and converted the data into scientific units. The quality of the

data was then determined for instrument performance. Miscellaneous bad data points

were removed and the series were truncated by removing the launch and retrieval

transients. Gaps in the data were linearly interpolated to create an evenly spaced

time series. This series is known as the BBV (Best Basic Version) and is usually the

basis for all further processing. However, for this experiment post-deployment

calibrations were done on the all of the VAWR meteorological sensors.

The BBV for the VMCMs used the pre-deployment temperature calibrations.

The BBV for the VAWRs use post-deployment calibration values for all sensors.

including the wind speed sensors. Table 4 summarizes the data quality obtained on

SESMOOR.

A low passed version of the data was created for plotting purposes by applying a

Gaussian filter with a half-width of 24 hours, then subsampling the filtered series

once an hour.

19

Table 4: Data Quality Summary

Series Variable Comments

876S1 sea temperature see Section 4 about crosstalkair temperature goodrelative humidity special Crescenti calibration usedbarometric pressure goodwind velocity goodsolar radiation goodlongwave radiation good

876S2 sea temperature see Section 4 about crosstalkair temperature goodrelative humidity special Crescenti calibration usedbarometric pressure goodwind velocity goodsolar radiation goodlongwave radiation good

8763 sea temperature goodcurrent speed good until 26 December, see Note 1

8764 sea temperature good until 21 November, see Note 2current speed good until 26 December. see Note 1

Note 1: No velocity data after 26 December 1988. The propellers were tangled by com-mercial fishing lines.

Note 2: A tension event on 21 November 1988 caused a minuscule leak in the instrument.The water affected the compass and temperature electronics. The temperaturedata have been included in this report but should be considered questionable.

20

8 Presentation of the Time Series

A series of programs were executed on the BBV data. The result is a series of

plots and statistics which are presented on the following pages.

8.1 Time Series

The time series plots shown in Figures 10 and 11 are from the Gaussian filtered

series acquired by V-161WR and V-707WR, respectively. The stick plots, which

show individual current vectors along the time scale, are rotated so that east is up.

Figures 12 and 13 are current meter time series at 20 and 50 m, respectively.

8.2 Statistics

The statistics for each variable from the basic time series are presented in the

following tables. The equations used to derive the statistical parameters are described

in Tarbell et al. (1988). Table 5 is the statistics for V-161WR and V-707WR,

respectively. Table 6 summarizes least squares fit coefficients between the two

VAWRs. Table 7 is the statistics for the current meters at 20 and 50 m, respectively.

8.3 Progressive Vectors

Wind and current vectors fron- two hour oivcrages are placed head to 'ail to

show the path a particle would have traveled in a perfectly homogeneous flow. The

plot begins with an asterisk followed by annotated triangles at the first of each

month, except for 8764 which has annotation every fifth day. Figures 14 and 15 are

progressive wind vectors while Figures 16 and 17 are progressive current vectors.

21

8.4 Histograms

The histograms of major variables axe plotted as frequency of occurrences.

There are 100 bins in the x-axis of all variables. Because the VMCM velocities are

short, two temperature histograms are plotted. The first for the length of the

velocity record, the second for the full 141 days of deployment. Figures 18 and 19

show a series of histograms for the VAWRs while Figures 20 and 21 show histograms

for the VMCMs.

8.5 Spectra

Plots of auto-' ectra for the east and north component of velocity and the

temperatuie are shown. Further information about the program used to create these

plots may be found in the WHOI program report PROSPECT (Hunt, 1982). The

data is prewhitened and recolored. Program PROSPECT allows averaging in

increasingly large groups. VAWR spectra are shown in Figures 22 and 23. VMCM

spectra are shown in Figures 24 and 25.

Acknowledgments

Thanks go out to the many peole at WHOI who designed, constructed and

deployed SESMOOR. The success of this project is a credit to all those talented

people. Thanks to William Horn for his work on calibrating all of the temperature

thermistor probes and to Dr. Richard E. Payne for calibrating the relative humidity

sensors. Thanks also to Jerome Dean for pointing out the crosstalk error. Special

thanks to Penny Foster for her help preparing this report.

This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research under contract

N00014-84-C-0134, NR 083-400 and grant N00014-90J-1423.

22

Table 5:

Statistics for V-161WR and V-707WR from 17 October 1988 to 7 March 1989 (13548records). Variables include sea surface temperature (ST), air temperature (AT),relative humidity (RH), barometric pressure (BP), east wind velocity (EA), northwind velocity (NO), wind speed (WS), solar radiation (SW), and longwave radiation(LW).

V-161WR

Variable Minimum Maximum Mean Variance Kurtosis Skewness

ST 0.88 16.69 7.26 25.81 1.575 0.358AT -8.68 18.62 4.68 31.49 2.421 0.323RH 48.46 99.88 81.44 120.12 2.175 -0.197BP 970.57 1041.14 1015.42 106.32 3.878 -0.568EA -23.06 18.55 2.90 37.27 3.019 -0.434NO -20.67 17.07 -1.37 35.52 2.611 0.123WS 0.06 23.98 8.27 14.65 2.715 0.202SW 0.00 744.08 65.33 15816.60 8.130 2.323LW 199.46 394.79 293.58 1279.69 2.787 0.208

V-707WR


ST 0.87 16.68 7.24 25.73 1.575 0.360AT -8.63 18.54 4.66 31.52 2.420 0.322RH* 43.00 100.24 71.90 153.88 2.245 0.351BP 971.02 1041.71 1015.86 107.06 3.869 -0.562EA -17.96 18.78 2.89 37.25 2.917 -0.374NO -20.64 17.39 -1.01 34.12 2.625 0.078WS 0.13 20.71 8.16 14.11 2.707 0.245SW 0.00 738.37 64.40 16030.11 8.010 2.321LW 190.87 387.37 284.58 1342.45 2.626 0.259* 17 October 1988 to 4 January 1989 (7521 Records)

23

Table 6: Offset (A), slope (B), correlation coefficient (r), and standard error (SE) ofleast squares fit of V-707WR data as a function of V-161WR.

A B r SE

Sea Surface Temperature (C) -0.01 0.998 1.0000 0.03Air Temperature (C) -0.02 1.000 0.9999 0.06Relative Humidity (%RH)* -15.62 1.126 0.9747 2.78Barometric Pressure (mb) -2.74 1.003 0.9997 0.26East Wind (m s - 1) -0.00 0.998 0.9981 0.38North Wind (m s-1 ) 0.34 0.978 0.9979 0.38Resultant Wind Speed (m s- ') 0.07 0.979 0.9969 0.30Solar Radiation (W m - 2) -1.48 0.995 0.9785 31.90

Longwave Radiation (W m- 2) 1.11 0.966 0.9428 12.24* 18 October through 31 December 1988

Table 7: Statistics for VM-026 (20 m) from 18 October 1988 to 26 December1988; and VM-001 (50m) from 18 October 1988 to 21 November 1988

Variables include sea temperature (ST), east current velocity (EA), northcurrent velocity (NO), and current speed (VS).

Statistics for VM-026 (20 m), 13297 records.


ST 4.50 17.46 11.48 12.42 1.670 -0.308EA -79.29 57.95 -7.05 371.52 3.567 -0.343NO -87.11 45.84 -6.31 389.07 4.011 -0.643VS 0.07 93.83 24.53 248.15 4.350 1.162

Statistics for VM-001 (50 m), 6537 records.


ST 6.95 19.30 13.86 7.04 2.102 -0.254EA -34.44 44.95 -2.12 241.49 2.379 0.333NO -29.44 38.63 1.61 141.70 2.547 -0.019VS 0.28 48.42 17.84 72.06 2.600 0.310

24

876S1F900 fSES.,OOR

.7 27 5 16 Z5 16 2i 5 15 25 4 4 : 6OCT NCV OEC j; N M A

18.0 1 88 089 :8 016.0 16014.0 14 012.0 12.010.0 10.08.0 8.0 ,

- 50 6 0c 40 40

~U,. 2.0 20E 0.0 00 E'2-2.0 -2.0'< -4-,o.

-6.0 -60-8.0 -80

17.0 17.015.0 15.0

0,13.0 130211.0 11.0 2

*i 9.0 90 Z7.0 70

E 5.0 5.0 E-3 .0 3.0 -

V)

10.0 10.07.5 7.5

5.0 AI~Ik /5.02.5 ~ f//j ~ ~ f~~f ~2.5w;° "o A

0 00 Vt'f lt -0. 00z -2.5 -2,5 z-5.0 -5.0-7.5 -7.5

-1()0 -10.0

10.0 -10.0

5.0 5.0

2.5 'V . 2.5nI 0.0

-2.5 -2.5 I

-5.0 -.

-7.5 1 -7 5-10.0 -100

67 27 6 . 2,6 6 16 25 . 5 15 25 .4 1. 2 . 6OCT NOV 0EC JA FE 9 MAR1988 .S89

Figure 10: V-161WR time series

25

876S2F900 SESMOOR

17 27 6 16 25 6 16 26 5 15 25 . 24 6OCT NOV OEC JAN FB MAR

18.0 1 88 1989 18016.0 16.014.0 140

12.0 12.010.0 10.08.0 8.0 ,

- 60 6.0 -24.0 40n

,. 2.0 2.0 CLE 0.0 0.0 E'--2.0 -"

-4 -40 -

-6.0 -6.0-8.0 -8.0

17.0 17.015.0 15.013.0 13.0

1 - .0 11.0 .-

9.0 9.07.0 7.u

5.0 5.0 E,- 3.0 3.0

10.0 1.0 o,

TS \10.0 10.0

7.5 7.5

z -2.5 -2.5 z-5.0 -5.0-7.5 -7.5

-10.0 -10.010.0 10.0

7.5 7.55.0 5.0

2.52.

10.0 ~10.0 10.0

-2.5 -2.5

-5.0 -5.0-7.5 -7.5

-10.0 -10.0

17 27 6 16 26 6 16 26 5 15 25 4 1 4 24 6OCT NOV OEC JAN FEB MAR

1988 1989

t"igure 11: V-707WR time series

26

* 8763A 1HC24 * DEPTH 20m17 27 6 16 26 6 16 26 5 15 25 4 14 24 6

OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR1988 1989

170 17015.0 15.0

"13.0 13.0 u

11.0 11.0 o09.0 9.0

. 7.0 7.0 a.E5.0 5.0E

3.0 3.01.0 1.0

40, 4030 3020 2010 10"

o Az -10 -lOZ-20 -20

-30 -30-40 -40

40 4030 3020 2010 10

110-10 -10"'

-20 -20-30 -30-40 -40

17 27 6 16 26 6 16 265 525 14 24 6

OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR1988 1989

Figure 12: VM-026 time series

27

* 8764AIHC24 * DEPTH 50m *

17 27 6 16 26 6 16 26 5 15 25 4 14 24 6OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR1988 1989

17.0 170

15.0 15.0

o13.0 13.0 (n1 1.0 11.0

09.0 9.0a. 7.0 7.0 0.

5.0 5.03.0 3.0

1.0 1.0

E

40 40

30 30

20 20M 10 10=z0 O

z -10 -lOZ

-20 -20

-30 -30

-40 -40

40 40

30 30

20 2010 100 0

6-1o -1o

-20 -20

-30 -30-40 -40

.. ....................................17 27 6 16 26 6 16 26 5 15 25 4 14 24 6OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR1988 1989

Figure 13: VM-001 time series

28

N

876S1 F900 I0 m 60

88- X -17 TO 89- 111-07 _____

PaLOMETERS

Figure 14: V-161WR progressive wind vector plot

29

87SV00CT

88- X 1 mO8-110 0 6000IGLOWETERS

Figure 15: V-707WR progressive wind vector plot

30

N

8763A45020 m 0 100

88- X -18 TO 88- XII-264OLOWETERS

Figure 16: VM-026 progressive current vector plot

31

2022

2 27 OCT

N0

N

8764A450 {50 m 0 100

88- X -18 TO 88- XI -21 a ,POLOWMrERS

Figure 17: VM-001 progressive current vector plot

32

rSec Temperc',.re A l7 emcercire

aa 12 1 0022

0

C_; - 1

U

CC S

0 o 90 o IN 70 . ac e 1,2 :5 2cvO[R. I DEG VSPO.1 I M

West East South N crt

0,0

U c

-2021 - - 12 !2 2 0

ERS T / NOR.Th H /S

Ootc FiLLe 876SIF900 0 ez.:- Om

Figure 18: V-161WR histograms

33

BororneLr-tc Pressure ReLcLtve Humt-dLtL_

D c

Q 0

0 c,

S70 S87.5 IOMS 1022.S l0oi O S 6 7 88S~iR.IIILL8RRSREL. PER

Short Wove RodLtlorC Long Wave Rod'Lot'Lon

-c

0 06

00~ F(L 7SF00 eL -O

Fiue1: 6fne

34

Sea Tempercture ALr Temperature

C-uo 1

00

e- U e

Uc

L2 L- I

08 A

SEA DG AIR DEG

8 r ect on 8 SPeed

a--V0 0-

o , 1.0 '270 w5 a 1 a 1'2 1'$ 20

VIR.1 DEG VSO. 1 M/S

West East. South North

L0 - L -

2. 2

L8

EAST M/5 NORTH M/5

Data FLe 87652F900 Depth = Om

Figure 19: V-707VR histograms

35

78 cdajs

Scrometr-c Pressure R~ttv u-d-

8 e-.Lehimd-~

-I C

CC

c c

R-0

C.C

*0 C,

0. 0. It

so 190 330 47a 610 75w 2 0 NO 320 3;O 40Sw WATTS/?Mx2 Lw wATTS/lw'42

Datac K'e 876S2F9'00 Depth =Om '.!I dos

Figure 19: Continued

36

69 dous i40 dows

Temperoture Tempercture

cc-C.70 0

L,. 6-

7.2 10.1 13.6 . 2 0 A 12 6 20

TEMP OEG TErP OEG

Lr ctLo0n Speed

cco 00

00 00

o

0 6 IiO 27o 3; 0 I'S i2 a 64 8;0VOIR.1 DEG VSPO.1 Cr1/S

West East- 8 South North

C c

. C.0

a, ,o

-so -is -16 16 is so -00 -is -t6 16 ia 80EAST CM/S NORTH CMI5

Octa FLLe 8763R450 Depth = 20m 69 dous

Figure 20: VM-026 histograms

37

~31 dojs 1 O dc~s

8 Temperature 8" Temperature

c c00

4 i.2 10.4 13.6 16.8 20 a 12 is 20TEMP DEG TP DEG

O'trectLon Speed

cc

0 00

C C N*ro -

o 0 S6 io:Sca i 3 5 i

YOIR.I DEG VSPO.I Cr1/5

8-West East South North

8 c

0 00

c c

C.

_80 -4a8 ti is 48 86 -90 -18 -ts Is is so

ERST Cr1/S NORTH Cr1/S

Oata FrLe 8764A450 Depth - 50m 34 dos

Figure 21: VM-001 histograms

38

10 I

876Si Om

10.) SEA

10. 10'

876SI Om10.1 A ELOCITY 10'

102' loo

Q- 10 00- 10 1C.' RCCU 1 - 0

ch cph<RQEC RQEC

NOMICS=IN.PEE

PLN=132 LN 32

Figre22 V11R0petr

PREHIEN, R OLO - P EHIEN39

I0 I

1 05

876S1 Om

103 1 BAR

876S1 Om

10. REL1

- 1 0 1 - "' " 1 0 '

LUJ0- 102

_j O 10"

10I O PRE'AHITEN R ECOCOE~ PR VyH'TEN REC0OL(

cph cph

FREQUENCY FREQUENCY

NO. PIECES = 1 NO. PECES = 1

PLEN =13524 PLEN = 13524.


40

< I j

10' I-

876SI Om

1o3 AIR

102

0 101Z rLJ

-- 10 ° -

10-'-

10"--

, PR EHITEN, RECOLOFi -3 V I, I I L-IV10 10 -2 10" 100

cphFREQUENCY

NO. PIECES = IPLEN = 13524


41

10' I I

876S1 Om

10'\ ' iSW I'

10' sw6S O

10,

I-i0-' Eo. rn

CL I 0. -

V 1o - 10-,

y -i

1 0-

103 10'

PRE HITEN RECOLO 100 PREHITEN RECOLOFI 0PRE I I I10' 100 10 1 10- 1 0' 1001 0 "1 10 "- 1 010° 1

cph cphFREQUENCY FREQUENCY

NO- PIECES = 1 NO. PIECES = 1

PLEN = 13524 PLEN = 13524


42

10.I

876S2 Om

1o SEA

10° ,-. I

102

76S2 Om103- "%ELOCITY

101 Li C.

1 _

QJ 10' 0-

CL~- 100'

t 101,--

I 0" 10-2-

0"' IPR HITEN IRECOLO PREyHITEN RECOLODr100

- 2 1-0 100


NO. PIECES - 1 NO. PIECES = IPLEN = 13524 PLEN = 13524

Figure 23: V-7OTWR spectra

43

I0 - I ' i I

876S2 Om

10 10. BAR

10' REL 10+

10 jI0". -- I o-c

z U

102 10N

iT' .T'-10'1012 iT 0

,-,ph - ph

UJ cct,

,., 101 100

-, , VEHITEN RECOL PRE iHTEN, ,RECOLI 0 - I I 1 1 14 1 0 .2 1 1 _ I l

1 010 " 1 I 0 " 1 1 0° I0 - 3 0 - 1 1 0 " 1 I0 0

cph cph

FREQUENCY FREQUENCY

NO. PIECES = i NO. PIECES = I

PLEN = 7514 PLEN = 13524


44

10'

876S2 Om

1o3 AIR

10'

00,Z c-

cr7- 100

10-'

PRECOLO10 I 0 10" 100

cphFREQUENCY

NO. PIECES = IPLEN = 13524


45

log 0'

876S2 Om 876S2 Om

I0' SW 1oL

E E

103 l_,o,,o,

PRe HITEN RECOLO, PR EHTEN, RECOLOBIo 0 "L - 0 " I 1 01 0

" 1 0 - I0" 10

10' 1 10o -o,0 0 102 102 101 100

cph cph

FREQUENCY FREQUENCY

NO. PIECES = I NO. PIECES = IPLEN = 13524 PLEN = 13524


46

8763T 20m

103 1 1ol TEMPERATUR-1 I ' [ l I j I

. 8F5 20m_

0, \ELOCITY lo,-107 1

0 10-c 0 Z 1

u 1 02 -

-j-

U--- tf

E 10

REFHT l OR?' PR HITEN RECOLOI . _ S E _0 ° j 1 0 " 1 1 0 -1 ' I G O ,

1100 10" loll 10

cph cph

FREQUEN4CY FREQUENCY

NO. PIECES = I NO. PIECES =

PLEN =13294 PLEN = 26880

Figure 24: VM-026 spectra

47

8764 50m

10. VELOCITY 8764T 50m

0 lTEMPERATURE

La n

U 102 La c .

-

v) E 10' C000

PRHIT R To NO. , N,1 1 1 P PHITEN, REC OLOKI

O- 01-FII I 0" I 0C° ~o

1 0 " 1 0 " 1 I 0 o


NO. PIECES = 1 NO. PIECES - IE LEN = 6534

pLN - 26880

Figure 25: VM-O01 spectra

48

References

Dean, J. P., and R. C. Beardsley, 1988: A Vector-Averaging Wind Recorder(VAWR) system for surface meteorological measurements in CODE (CoastalOcean Dynamics Experiment). Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,Technical Report, WHOI-88-20, 74 pp.

Hadlock, R., and C. W. Kreitzberg, 1988: The Experiment on Rapidly IntensifyingCyclones over the Atlantic (ERICA) field study: Objective and plans. Bulletinof the American Meteorological Society, 69, 1309-1320.

Hunt, M., 1982: A program for spectral analysis of time series "PROSPECT."WHOI Internal Document, 188 pp.

Kery, S. M., 1989: Severe Environment Surface Mooring (SESMOOR). Oceans '89,IEEE, Seattle, Washington, pp. 1398-1405.

Payne, R. E., 1974: A buoy-mounted meteorological recording package. Woods HoleOceanographic Institution, Technical Report, WHOI-74-40, 32 pp.

Roebber, P. J., 1984: Statistical analysis and updated climatology of explosivecyclones. Monthly Weather Review, 112, 1577-1589.

Tarbell, S. A., A. Spencer, and E. T. Montgomery, 1988: The Buoy Group dataprocessing system. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, TechnicalMemorandum, WHOI-3-88.

Weller, R. A., and R. E. Davis, 1980: A vector measuring current meter. Deep-SeaRe.tearch, 27A, 565-582.

Weller, R. A., D. L. Rudnick, R. E. Payne, J. P. Dean, N. J. Pennington, and R. P.Trask, 1990: Measuring near-surface meteorology over the ocean from an arrayof surfac- moorings in the subtropical convergence zone. Journal ofAtmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 7, 85-103.

49

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50272-101

REPORT DOCUMENTATION 1. REPORT NO. 2. 3. Recipient's Accession No.

PAGE WHOI-91-184. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date

A Compilation of Moored Current Meter Data and Wind Recorder Data July 1991from the Severe Environment Surface Mooring (SESMOOR) Volume XLIII 6.

7. Author(s) Gennaro H. Crescenti, Susan A. Tarbell, and Robert A. Weller 8. Performing Organization Rept. No.

WHOI-91-189. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Project/TasWWork Unit No.

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 11. Contract(C) or Grant(G) No.

Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 (C)N(0014-84-C-0134, NR 083-400(G)N00014-90- 1423

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Addrm 13. Type of Report & Period Covered

Office of Naval Research Technical Report

14.

15. Supplementary Notes

This report should be cited as: Woods Hole Oceanog. Inst. Tech. Rept., WHOI-91-18.

16. Abstract (Limit: 200 words)

A Severe Environment Surface Mooring (SESMOOR) was designed to make long term meteorological and near surfaceoceanographic measurements in areas where harsh environmental conditions prevail. SESMOOR was deployed in the NorthAtlantic Ocean approximately 300 km southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia for 141 days during the winter of 1988-89.Meteorological data were acquired from two Vector Averaging Wind Recorders (VAWR) located on top of a specially designedbuoy mast and included air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, wind velocity, solar and longwave radiation. Seasurface temperature was also acquired by the VAWRs. Current velocities and sea temperatures were obtained from two VectorMeasuring Current Meters (VMCM) at 20 and 50 meters below the sea surface.

This report discusses instrument performance, data quality, pre-and post-deployment calibrations, data telemetry, dataprocessing procedures. This report also presents the data in a variety of displays.

17. Document Analysis a. Descrlptors

ocean currentsocean temperaturemoored instruments

b. Identiflers/Open-Ended Terma

c. COSATI Fleld/Group

18. Availability Statement 19. Security Class (This Report) 21. No. of Pages59

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 20. Security Class (Thi Page) 22. Pce

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