You Down With CRCT? Ya, You Know Me!

Every living thing is made of cells!

1.CELLS

2.TISSUES

3.ORGANS

4.ORGAN SYSTEM

5.ORGANISM

Comparing Concepts: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

How are they ALIKE?

Cell membrane

Both can be unicellular

Both can have a cell wall (Eukaryotic plant cells)

Both have DNA

RibosomesCytoplasmBoth can have a flagellum

Comparing Concepts: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

How are they DIFFERENT?

Eukaryotic CellsCan be unicellular or

multicellularAlways unicellular

Have organellesNo organelles

(except ribosomes)

Has a nucleus with DNA enclosed

inside

Prokaryotic Cells

No nucleus with free-floating circular DNA

Includes plants, animals, protists and fungi

Bacteria ONLY!

Comparing Concepts: Plant vs. Animal Cells

How are they ALIKE?

Cell membrane

Both form multicellular organisms

Both are Eukaryotic

Both have DNA

Both have

organelles- Golgi,

ER, Mitochondria, Vacuole, Lysosome, etc

Cytoplasm Both conduct cellular respiration

Comparing Concepts: Plant vs. Animal Cells

How are they DIFFERENT?

Plant CellsCell Wall No cell wall

Large, single vacuole Many small vacuoles

Chloroplast to make food (Autotroph/producer)

Animal Cells

No chloroplast - can’t make own food

(Heterotroph/consumer)

Cellular Respiration (mitochondria) AND photosynthesis

(chloroplast)

Cellular Respiration ONLY!

Store excess food as Oil Stores excess food as Fat

1. What type of cell is pictured to the right? A. bacteria B. plant C. multi-celled D. animal

2. What is one of the main functions of the nucleus of an animal cell? A. It captures sunlight to produce food. B. It is the place where energy is produced for the animal. C. It defends the cell from infections. D. It stores the genetic information of the animal.

3.  Which of the following organelles is most important in providing energy to a cell?

A. mitochondrion B. nucleus C. vacuole D. cell membrane

4. The ____allows plants to produce food from sunlight while the ____ converts the food into energy.

A. mitochondria; chloroplast B. nucleus; mitochondria C. cell wall; mitochondria D. chloroplast; mitochondria

Dominant The gene that is expressed

Recessive The gene that is hidden

Homozygous/Purebred Two of the same allele/gene

Heterozygous/Hybrid Two different alleles/genes

Genotype The letter combination of genes

Phenotype The physical expression of the genes

Selective breeding Breeding two organisms with the best traits

Genetic Engineering Taking DNA out of one organism and putting it into another organism

Allele The letters that represent the genes

Let’s review some general genetics info before we begin:

5. A scientist crossed a purebred (homozygous) long-winged male fruit fly with a purebred short-winged fruit fly. Long wings are dominant over short wings. Using the letter “F”, what is the probability that the offspring will have long wings?

a. 25% b. 50% c. 75% d.100%

6. A grasshopper has 24 chromosomes in its body cells. How many chromosomes are in each sex cell of a grasshopper?

a. 6 b. 12 c. 24 d. 48

7. Genes are carried by structures called a. Chromosomes b. Alleles c. Hybrids d. Dominants

8. In humans, the allele for a cleft chin (C) is dominant. A woman with the genotype cc has children with a man with the genotype Cc. If the couple has six children, how many children would you logically expect to have a cleft chin?

a. 0 b. 1 c. 3 d. 6

9. On Mauritius, there once lived a large bird called a dodo. Dodo birds liked to eat fruits from the pandanus plant and nuts from poplar trees. In the 1500s, people brought hogs to the island that ate the dodos’ eggs. People also started hunting the dodo. Soon, the last dodo was hunted down and killed. In this story, which animal or plant became extinct?

A. the pandanus B. the dodo bird C. the hog D. people

10. Which pair of animal groups below includes only warm-blooded creatures? A. mammals and birds B. amphibians and mammals C. arachnids and reptiles D. insects and amphibians

11. If a new animal was discovered that spent half of its life underwater breathing with gills and half of its life on land breathing with lungs, which group of animals would it most likely fit into?

A. fish B. insect C. mammal D. amphibian

12. An unknown species of plant has true leaves, stems, and roots, and its seeds are enclosed in a cone. If this unknown species is often found in cold places, what species is it? A. Evergreen/Conifer B. Flowering Plant C. Weeping Willow D. Fern

13. A scientist who studies organisms that inhabit the harsh climate of hot springs is studying members of which kingdom?

A. Animalia B. Plantae C. Fungi D. Archaebacteria

14. Which characteristic is true of ALL Protists? a. Unicellular b. Multicellular c. Prokaryotic d. eukaryotic

15. Which of the following describes vascular plants?A. They rely only on osmosis and diffusion B. They remain small in sizeC. They grow in or near water D. They have roots, stems, leaves

16. The organism shown consists of only one eukaryotic cell. It cannot make its own food. If it is not a fungus it must be a a. Bacterium b. Protist c. Plant d. Animal

17. The monarch butterfly is toxic to birds. Over time, viceroy butterflies have adapted a wing color and pattern that is very similar to the appearance of monarch butterflies. What is the most likely advantage of this adaptation?

A. There is no advantage of this adaptation. B. Birds will mistake viceroys for monarchs and thus will not eat the

viceroys. C. The viceroys will be able to fly faster to flee possible predators. D. The viceroys will also be toxic to birds.

Classification ReviewNow let’s review the levels of Classification:

18. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

19. Which two parts make up a scientific name?Genus and species

20. What rules do we use to write a scientific name? Genus always starts with a capital letter, species is always lowercase, and they must either always be italicized or underlined. Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens

Gimme 5! Graphic Organizer: Kingdoms

Today we are going to use our brains and our

HANDS to help us remember the

characteristics of the

SIX KINGDOMS!

We’ll start with the Index finger!

IND

EXMID

DL

E

RIN

GP

INK

Y

THUMB

RIN

GP

INK

Y

Gimme 5! Six KingdomsMONERANS

You’re Number ONE!!

•MONErans (Mono = One)

•ONE cell – Unicellular•Bacteria ONLY

– Eubacteria & Archaebacteria

•Prokaryotic – NO Nucleus- free floating DNA– NO Organelles

•Heterotroph OR Autotroph

IND

EX

THUMBTHUMB

RIN

G

PIN

KY

PINKY &

PROTISTS both

start with “P”!!• Eukaryotic

– YES Nucleus– YES Organelles

• Unicellular– May form MULTICELLULAR

colonies

• HETEROTROPH or AUTOTROPH

• Can be… – ANIMAL-LIKE

• Amoeba– PLANT-LIKE

• Algae– FUNGUS-LIKE

• Slime Mold

IND

EXMID

DL

E

THUMB

Gimme 5! Six Kingdoms

TH

UM

B

THU

MB

THUMB

TH

UM

B

RIN

G

PIN

KY

Gimme 5! Six KingdomsI have a RING on my finger

because I married a

“FUN GUY”!(FUNGI)

•Eukaryotic– YES Nucleus– YES Organelles

•Multicellular (except yeast)•Heterotroph- absorb nutrients•Reproduce with SPORES•Have HYPHAE

IND

EXMID

DL

E

THUMB

PIN

KY

Gimme 5! Six KingdomsThe MIDDLE finger is the

LONGEST, representing the

LARGEST GROUP, ANIMALIA,

Eukaryotic– YES Nucleus– YES Organelles

•Multicellular•Heterotroph ONLY•Reproduce SEXUALLY & ASEXUALLY

•Vertebrates & Invertebrates

IND

EXMID

DL

E

THUMB

RIN

G

PIN

KY

Gimme 5! Six KingdomsPeople who are great with

PLANTS are said to have a

“GREEN THUMB”!

•Eukaryotic– YES Nucleus– YES Organelles– YES Cell Wall– YES Chloroplasts

•Multicellular•Autotrophs - Photosynthesis•Reproduce SEXUALLY & ASEXUALLY

IND

EXMID

DL

E

THUMB

21. Which of the following is a secondary consumer in the diagram shown above? A. algae B. earthworm C. duck D. tadpole 22. Which of the following is a decomposer in the diagram shown above? A. tadpole B. grasshopper C. bacteria D. snake 23.  In the diagram above, where does "decayed matter" come from? A. dead plants and animals B. volcanic eruptions C. weathered rocks D. precipitation 24. What is the diagram above called? A. Energy Pyramid B. Food Chain C. Energy Web D. Food Web25. Which choice below shows the organization of the biosphere from the most

specific category to the broadest category? A. organism community population ecosystem biosphereB. organism population community biosphere ecosystem C. organism population community ecosystem biosphereD. organism community population biosphere ecosystem

Strategies for Taking Standardized Tests

Multiple Choice Questions

• Read the question and allall answer choices before marking anything.

Key Words

• Find key wordskey words or phrasesphrases in the question that will help you choose the correct answer.

The Process of Elimination

• If you’re stuck on a particular question, look at all of your answer choices and get rid of answers that aren’t correct.

I know C isn’t the answer!

The Process of Elimination

• If you can eliminate two wrong answers, your chance of choosing the right answer is greater.

A Matter of Time

• If any time remains, spend it on those questions about which you know nothing or almost nothing.

Return, Check

• If you finish early, check to make sure you have answered all questions.

26. The main force that results in evolutionary adaptation is _______. A. genetic engineering B. selective breeding C. asexual reproduction D. natural selection

27. Jamie has a rash on her arm due to a bacterial infection. Her doctor gave her an antibiotic to help kill the bacteria. Jamie was taking the antibiotic every day, but she stopped taking it when the rash started going away. A week later, her rash started growing to its full size. She started taking the antibiotic again, but this time, it did not affect the bacteria. Did the bacteria adapt?

A. Yes; the bacteria developed a toxin that produced a rash on the host. B. Yes; the bacteria most likely mutated and developed a tolerance to the antibiotic. C. No; asexually-reproducing organisms cannot adapt. D. No; adaptations cannot result in a tolerance to antibiotics.

28. What function does the membrane perform in an animal cell? A. contains the genetic material of the cell B. helps control transport of material into and out of the cell C. captures sunlight to produce food D. provides a rigid shape to the cell

29. Which cell part is found inside the cell membrane, but outside the nucleus of an animal cell?

A. cytoplasm B. cell membrane C. chloroplast D. cell wall

30. If you used a peach as a model of an animal cell, what would the peach’s skin represent?

A. nucleus B. cell membrane C. cell wall D. cytoplasm

31. In guinea pigs, a rough coat (R) is dominant over a smooth coat (r). What must be the genotype of a guinea pig with a smooth coat?

a. RR b. Rr c. rr d. RrR

32. How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction?a. It involves only one parentb. It results in a single offspringc. It occurs only in organisms that live in waterd. It does not involve the copying of genetic information

33. The Punnett square shows the results of a cross between two guinea pigs. Which represents the genotypes of the two parents?

a. Bb and Bb b. BB and Bb c. BB and bb d. bb and bb

34. Two parents have three children. They are two girls and one boy. What is the probability that the next child will be a boy?

a. 25% b. 50% c. 75% d. 100%

35. A scientist crossed potato plants to combine the disease resistance of one plant with the food-producing capacity of another. He used the process of

a. Inbreeding b. Crop rotation c. Hybridization d. cloning

Bb Bb

Bb Bb

 36. Select the choice that best completes the following sentence: A normal human body cell has a total of ___ chromosomes: ___ chromosomes come from the mother and ___ chromosomes come from the father.

A. 23, 12, 11 B. 23, 11, 12 C. 92, 46, 46 D. 46, 23, 23

37. The genotype of an organism has two of the same alleles. This is called a ______ genotype.

A. heterozygous B. homozygous C. homologous D. heterologous

38. In wild strawberry plants, stems are capable of arching downward and taking root in the ground, resulting in the formation of a new plant. This is an example of _________ reproduction.

A. homozygous B. heterozygous C. sexual D. asexual