YCI Human Trafficking Awareness Training

Mumbai-May 2015

Educating young people for work and for life

The issue, the victim, and what the hospitality industry can do to help

Human Trafficking – the challenge

Reintegration of survivors of human trafficking

Adaptation of selection criteria for YCI participants4 countries: Mexico, Vietnam, India and Ethiopia32 survivors have successfully completed YCI to date

with 85% finding employment within six months (since 2012)

One-to-one mentoring support (during and post training) 

Creating awareness & building capacity amongst local partners and hotel managers

Training developed with the support of:

US Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (The TIP Office)

International Organisation of Migration (IOM)Hagar InternationalInfantiaStop the Traffick Worldwide Documentaries Carlson Hotels and ResortsThe Protection Project, John Hopkins University

Training ObjectivesModule 1 – An Overview Objective: Participants will be able to define human trafficking and

describe its underlying causes

Module 2 - Human Trafficking and the Hospitality Industry Objective: Participants will be able to identify and respond

appropriately to potential human trafficking cases

Module 3 - The victims: experience, rescue and recovery Objective: Participants will be able to better understand the needs of

trafficking victims

Module 4 - Supporting the re-integration of survivors Objective: Participants will be able to describe how the YCI program

will benefit victims.

Human Trafficking – the challenge

Module 1

An Overview

What do you know about human trafficking?  

Video: “Not My Life”

documentary by Robert Bilheimer and narrated by Ashley Judd

Human Trafficking is used as an umbrella term for activities involved when one person obtains or holds another person in compelled service.

Trafficking occurs both within and between countries. It is a criminal offence and a violation of human rights.

Trafficking happens for a broad range of purposes such as sexual exploitation, labour trafficking or forced labour. The movement of a person is not required in the definition of trafficking.

Global Overview

It is the fastest growing international crime

Human trafficking is the second largest source of illegal income worldwide

There are even reports that some trafficking groups are switching their cargo from drugs to human beings, in a search of high profits at lower risk

21 million trafficking victims in the world *

* according to International Labour Organisation (2012)

Justice Served?

In 2013, human trafficking cases worldwide resulted in 9,460 prosecutions, with 1,199 of those cases relating to labour trafficking.

There were 5,776 (470 in labour trafficking) convictions. 

The total number of identified victims was approximately 44,758 (10,603) – a number that pales in comparison to the global estimate of over 20 million people in modern slavery today.

Source: U.S. Department of State 2014 Trafficking in Persons Report

Trafficking vs. SmugglingElement Trafficking Smuggling

Type of crime

Crime against person

Crime against State

Why do we fight it?

To protect a persons human rights

To protect sovereignty of the state

Nature of crime

Exploitative Commercial

Rationale Exploitation of the victim for profit

Movement of persons for profit

Border crossing

Non-Defining Defining element

Consent* Not given Necessary *Irrelevant in the case of children

Major Forms of Human Trafficking

Risk factors – Country of origin

A lack of political, social and economical stability A lack of reasonable and realistic prospects Domestic violence and disintegration of the family

structure Gender and ethnic discrimination Lack of access to education and information

Importance of the local context

Risk factors – Country of destination

Increasing demand for cheap and exploitable labourers in domestic, construction, agricultural and industrial sectors

A rise in the demand for commercial sex

Risk factors – Universal

Economic exclusion of marginalised people Ever more obstacles to legal migrationDisintegration of social protection networks A lack of effective anti-trafficking legislation or lack of

effective enforcement A lack of public awarenessThe high profit potentialThe sophisticated organisation of criminal networks Widespread corruption

Vulnerable Groups

Who are the traffickers

Men or womenFamily, friendsFormer victimsDiplomatsIndividuals who promise marriage or jobsBoyfriendsCriminal groupsLabour recruitment agentsTravel agenciesInternet chatrooms

The A-M-P Model

*Means is not required in the case of minors

International vs. Internal (Domestic) trafficking

International

Internal (Domestic)

Border crossed

No border crossed or movement necessary

U.S. State Department's Trafficking in Persons Report: Tier Placements

Tier 1

Tier 2

Tier 2 WL

Tier 3

Fully comply with TVPA minimum standards

Do not fully comply with TVPA standards, but are making significant efforts

Tier 2 + (# of victims is significant or increasing; no evidence of increasing efforts; or making significant efforts based on future commitments)

Do not comply w/ minimum standards & not making significant effort

Tier classifications

Country Specifics: India, Tier 2

Source, destination and transit countryIndia’s largest trafficking problem is forced labour: 20

to 65 million citizens; high amount of debt bondage90% of India’s trafficking problem is internalMajority of trafficking victims are recruited by agents

known to them in their home villages with promises of work

Many challenges remain, mainly relating to government corruption and denial

Both government- and NGO-run shelters face shortages of financial resources and trained personnel

Human Trafficking – the challenge

Module 2

Human trafficking and the hospitality industry

What forms of human trafficking do you think might happen at a hotel?

Manifestations of human trafficking in the hospitality industry

Human trafficking can happen at any point within a hotel’s supply chain

Hotels can reduce the likelihood of trafficking within its operations by:Establishing policies & procedures for responding to possible

cases of human trafficking.Training hotel staff to help them identify human trafficking cases.

Supply chain monitoring

Tier 1 Forced Prostitution

Forced Labour

Prostitution of Children

The potential impact on your business

Tier 1

Brand Legal

FinancialMoral

Video: Possible trafficking scenarios

Carlson have kindly provided a short video of possible trafficking scenarios that could take place in a hotel

Discussion: Examples of how to spot signs of trafficking

Sex Tourism

Forced Labour

Sex Tourism

Potential victim stays at a distance from the perpetrator, and may even appear “scared” in their presence

Child (often local) is accompanied by an adult other than parent (often male) who seems controlling

Shows signs of psychological or physical abuse; acts unusually fearful or submissive

Forced Labour

Workers who are not in possession of their documentsWorkers without a formal labour contractWorkers who work excessively long hours

Most hotel chains have already existing guidelines on how to deal with instances of trafficking

Who to contact for further information:

Rescue Foundation

Address:-Plot No.39, Fatimadevi Road, Behind Our Lady of Remedy School,

Poisur, Kandivali (W), Mumbai - 400067, Maharashtra, India.

Telephone:- +91-22-28060707 / 28625240

Fax:- +91-22-28663322 / 28084161

Mobile:- +91-98202 10705

admin@rescuefoundation.net

http://www.rescuefoundation.net

dcpcrimenorth@ymail.com Kshamata

16/204, Gulmohar, Vasant Vihar , Thane (W) - 400610, India

Phone - 022 2171 1375

response@kshamata.org

www.kshamata.org

Initiatives to fight trafficking in the industry

UN.GIFT ECPAT The Code Polaris Project Business Travellers Against Human Trafficking Stop the Traffik Global Travel Alert

Case studies and discussion

Human Trafficking – the challenge

Module 3

The victims: experience, rescue and recovery

What do you think happens to the victim?

Methods of Control

Confiscation of Legal Documents

Verbal and psychological abuse

Threats of deportation or other harm to the victim or the victim’s

family

Exploitation of unfamiliarity with the

local language and lawsDebt manipulation

Examples of methods of control

Imprison-ment

Fear

Intimidation Debt

bondage

Deception Isolation

Physical exhaustion

Starvation

Torture

Beating

Rape

Violence and threats of violence

Extreme situations – Extreme reactions

The ordinary human response to danger includes both physical and psychological reactions

Danger focuses a person’s attention on the immediate situation

Traumatic reactions occur when resistance is deemed impossible

The human self-defence system becomes overwhelmed and disorganised

Coping strategies

When primary control is lost

Secondary control

Learned ‘loyalty’ (Stockholm syndrome)

Reactions during and after the trafficking experience

Psychological reactions

Psychosomatic reactions

Physical reactions

Case study: Elena’s story

Overview of a typical rescue process

Tip off or trafficking victims identified

Raid by law enforcement

Victims rescued and traffickers arrested

Victims brought to safe house or refuge

Survivors: deported, reunited with family, or placed in a shelter

Trial / Overall Criminal Justice proceeding

Steps to recovering from human trafficking

To establish safety and restore control over their bodies and immediate environment

Remembrance and mourning of the traumaReconnection with ordinary life

Often the process is not linear and the recovery progress more variable

Long-term shelters (as provided by Asha Sadan, St. Catherine’s Homes, Swadhar Homes and Advait

Health services Psychological counselling Legal assistance Education and vocational training Life skills training and employment opportunities Identity documentation Birth certificates Financial assistance Repatriation and reintegration services

What service for victims could include

Common steps to reintegration

Arranging for health and psychosocial care Possible reintegration into family lifeCatch up on missed education Providing life skills training to restore self

confidenceFinding economic opportunities to increase

former victims' independence

Stigmatisation

For being traffickedEspecially for sexual purposes Mental illnessExperience of trial

A regional phenomenon

Human Trafficking – the challenge

Module 4

Supporting the re-integration of survivors and the role of YCI

What can YCI do?

Characteristics of a good relationship

Love and care

ToleranceOpen and clear communication

Security Trust Honesty

Support for the participants

Understanding and patienceGuidance (mentoring and coaching)Discretion and sensibilityRespectDisciplineAccess to ongoing psychological support

Benefits of skills training

• Lesser risk of being re-trafficked• Increased self-confidence and self-esteem • Increased independence

Discussion: Putting it all into action

Classroom sessionsPractical training Mentoring and coachingExtra activities Psychological support

Discussion: Warning signs

Signs of physical

harm

Withdrawal

Depression

Positive impacts of YCI

3. Stronger sense of self

worth

2. Confidence and respect

8. Prospects for the future

1. Sense of belonging

7.

Independence

4. Rights and responsibiliti

es

6. Social

reintegration

5. Work skills and

experience

Thank you!

This publication was made possible with support from the United States Department of State, under the terms of Grant No. S-SGTIP-10-GR-0078. The opinions or points of view expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the United States Department of State.