Www.tnb.CA Aus Pdfs Emergency Lighting Introduction 1

Emergency Lighting Introduction

Introduction

Emergency evacuation lighting is designed

to automatically provide adequate lighting

levels and signage for the safe evacuation of

humans from buildings in the

event of electricity supply

failure to the normal lighting

of the building

Basic terminology concepts & technology

Exit Signs

Emergency Lighting

Power Packs & Accessories

Main Menu Click on the button to the left to go to a particular section or click on the arrow in the bottom right corner to

view the entire training module.

Basic terminology,

concepts &

technology

Single Point Units

• The term for an emergency light fitting

(unit) that stands alone (at a single point)

and includes its own rechargeable battery

and charger equipment. When normal

mains power fails, it automatically

energises its emergency lamp until the

power is restored or the battery discharges

Types of Single Point Units (SPU)

• Maintained – contains one lamp that is

used for dual purpose of normal (AC

mains) lighting and for emergency lighting.

The light output is maintained

even when the power has

failed.


• Non-Maintained – uses one lamp that

does not normally light the surrounding

area but only uses that lamp for

emergency purposes. The

light output is on only when

the power fails.


• Combined Maintained – are a two lamp

combination of normal lighting and

maintained emergency lighting located

side by side in the same luminaire. Both

lamps are used for normal lighting and one

of these is also used for

emergency lighting when

the power fails.


• Sustained (now called Combined Non-Maintained) – are a two lamp combination of normal lighting and non-maintained emergency lighting located side by side within the same luminaire. One lamp is used for normal lighting and the other for emergency lighting. The light output is sustained even when the power has failed.

Direct & indirect lighting • Direct lighting – a system of lighting in

which most of the light emitted is directed

towards the surface to be lit, usually in a

downward direction.

• Indirect lighting – a system in which most

of the light is provided by

reflection from ceilings,

walls or other surfaces

Mains connections

• Unswitched active – the unswitched

supply is used to charge the battery and is

monitored to determine the supply status.

It therefore must be present at all times to

ensure reliable operation of the

emergency function.

Mains connections

• Switched active – some emergency light

fittings have two active connections,

switched and unswitched. The non-

emergency part of those fittings can be

turned ON and OFF in the same

manner as conventional light

fittings.

Communications & Emergency Lighting

• The Australian Standard AS2293.2 requires emergency light fittings to be tested every 6 months. On large sites this is a particularly cumbersome exercise.

• Computerised emergency lighting systems are a combination of a communication network and emergency lighting.

• They allow the control and testing of a large series of emergency lights from a single PC

• The Stanilite monitoring system is called Nexus. There are currently

two Nexus systems available: – Nexus LX: data cable monitoring system

– Nexus RF: wireless monitoring system

Rechargeable Battery Technology

• There are 3 types of batteries used in emergency lighting

– Sealed Lead Acid (SLA)

– Nickel Cadmium (NiCad)

– Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)

• Each of these types of battery has it’s place depending

upon the cost and performance required from a unit.

Rechargeable Battery Technology

• There are 4 primary factors affecting battery life

– Improper charging

– Elevated temperature

– Continuous overcharging

– Depth of discharge

Lamp Technology

There are 3 types of lamp used in Stanilite emergency lighting

• Fluorescent

– Reliable

– easy to replace

– 10W most common in Exits

– up to 1 year lamp life

Lamp Technology

• Stanilite Lumatec Cold Cathode

– very reliable

– easy to replace

– Less than 7W means energy savings of

up to 300% over conventional 10W fluoro

based product

– up to 6 year lamp life means further

cost savings

– CCFL lamps do no burn out which is

the primary cause of Exit sign failure

Lamp Technology

• Halogen – a specialised type of incandescent lamp used

in downlight emergency luminaires and flood lights. They

produce a crisp, white light and allow precise light

focusing whilst reducing energy consumption.

Charging Technology There are 3 types of battery charging techniques used for NiCad & NiMH batteries

• Single Rate – charges the battery at a constant current regardless of time or

battery condition. This method is cheap but will shortened battery life

• Dual Rate – after an AC failure, the dual rate charger switches to a higher

charging current for a timed period, then switches to a lower rate. Prolongs

battery life however may not fully charge the battery and at the low rate may not

maintain a full charge. This method is the most expensive.

• Variable Rate – varies the current according to the battery “charged” condition.

Higher rate after an AC failure but reduces as battery capacity is restored.

Prolongs battery life and provides good recharge even at elevated temperatures.

The best option in terms of performance and cost.

Codes & Standards

• The BCA sets the rules and regulations for the construction of all types of buildings. When an emergency and exit lighting design is required, the BCA must first be consulted to determine the class of structure and the requirements.

• AS/NZS 2293 must then be used to determine the spacings for different classifications of lights as well as physical installation conditions

Codes & Standards

• AS/NZS 2293 is broken into 3 parts

– System, Design & Installation

• Eg spacings, labeling, control, commissioning etc

– Inspection & Maintenance

• Eg Emergency lighting is to be tested every 6 months

and results recorded in a logbook etc

– Emergency Luminaires & Exit Signs

• Eg Colours, markings, compliance testing etc

IP Rating • You will often hear the term IP rating used throughout the

industry. The Ingress Protection (IP) rating indicates the

degree of protection provided by an enclosure from solid

objects & water.

• Within lighting this term is most often used in relation to

Weatherproof Fittings.

• The IP rating consists of 2 numbers eg IP65. The first

number indicates the protection from solid objects such as

dust. The second number refers to the protection against

water. The higher the numbers the better the degree of

protection.

• The maximum rating is IP68

EXIT Signs Indicate a path of egress (escape)

Exit Signs • The Australian emergency lighting industry is about to undergo the most

significant change in some years.

• AS2293, the standard governing emergency evacuation lighting has

been updated as of mid 2005 and came into force when the Building

Code was re-released in May 2006.

• The most significant change is the move away from using the word

EXIT on all signs, to the use of an international “moving person”

pictograph

• The standard also sets out the maximum

viewing distance of signs and introduces

the potential for a 16m viewing distance

sign of which there are currently none on

the market.

Viewing distances

• With respect to EXIT signs, one of the issues

that AS/NZS 2293 deals with is maximum

viewing distances i.e what is the maximum

distance at which a given sign is deemed to be

effective in guiding egress.

• The most critical element here is the physical

size of elements on the sign. Previously, the

smallest sign was a 24m viewing distance

however the revised AS2293:2005 recognises

sizes from 16m to 40m

Configurations

• There are 4 basic configurations of

Exit sign that need to be understood

– Single sided – means that it can only be read from one side

– Double sided – means the EXIT sign is legible from both sides

– No diffuser but including Back Plate - means it is a single sided sign

with the diffuser missing.

– No diffuser or back plate – means that only the body of the unit is

supplied

• Note that each range handles these configurations slightly

differently but the underlying philosophy holds

Mounting options

• There are 6 basic mounting options

for Exit signs that need to be understood

– Wall Mount

• Surface

• Recessed

• Cantilever

– Ceiling Mount

• Surface

• Recessed

• Suspended

Wall mounting options • Surface wall mount

– the unit sits in a horizontal position attached

parallel to the surface of the wall either

directly or via a bracket

• Recessed wall mount – the unit sits in a horizontal position

recessed into the surface of the wall so the

face sits flush with the surface

• Cantilever wall mount – the unit sits in a horizontal position attached

perpendicular to the wall via a bracket

Ceiling mounting options • Surface ceiling mount

– the unit is fixing directly onto the ceiling

which can apply to battens, downlights or

exits

• Recessed ceiling mount – in the case of an exit sign, the control gear

is recessed into the ceiling and only the

diffuser protrudes downwards.

• Suspended ceiling mount – some or all of the unit is suspended via wire

or chain from the ceiling. The control gear

may be surface or recess mounted to the

ceiling

Exit Lighting

• Thomas & Betts market Exit Lights in 3

ranges

Economy Series Quickfit Series Legend Series

Economy Exit Lights

• The Economy 10W Exit gives the contractor a good quality “box” style Exit for both the replacement and new construction markets.

• Peel off arrow diffusers in 3 mounting options – Wall Mount, Single Sided Ceiling and Double Sided Ceiling

• Opal or prismatic diffusers available for use as a safety light

Economy Exit Lights

• Bodies and diffusers are sold separately

• Large 16mm2 mains terminal with switched active option

for easy installation

• Standard with high temperature NiCad batteries with 2

hour discharge rating

Quickfit Exit Lights

• The Stanilite Quickfit is the market standard for Exit

lights and is the most widely used product.

• Pivotal to the success of the Quickfit range has been the

unique steel slide connect

bracket allowing any Quickfit

to be swapped or upgraded

without tools.


• The Quickfit bracket comes with large 16mm terminals

for easy installation

• The integral full length cable cover provides safe and

accessible power cable junctioning

• All Quickfits can be wall or ceiling

mounted with the same diffuser

• To minimise construction phase

damage, only the Quickfit bracket

needs to be installed during fitout


• The Quickfit range comprises

– Cold Cathode EXIT series

– 10W EXIT series

– Cold Cathode & 10W Theatre EXIT series

– Weatherproof EXIT series

• All 10W EXITS come complete in one box with either

single or double sided peel off arrow diffusers until the

change to pictograph in May 2006

• All series are available in Nexus compatible models


• The Quickfit is comprised of three standard parts

– Ceiling bracket

– Body (incorporating the lamp, batteries & control

gear)

– Diffuser/s and/or backplate

Quickfit Exit Lights • Additional parts are available as optional extras eg

cantilever brackets

• Quickfits use NiCd batteries with variable rate charging

• Both maintained and sustained models are available

• In addition to the standard range, the Quickfit is also available in an 18W Standard and Jumbo for use in many commercial and industrial applications

• Weatherproof range also available

Legend Exit Lights

• The Legend is the elegant Stanilite edgelight EXIT

• Features unique prismatic diffusers that provide discreet yet highly visible exit directions at all times.

• Recessed, surface or wall mount options available

• Available in Cold Cathode and 10W models

• Nexus option available

Emergency Lighting Provide a minimum light level throughout an area to enable

occupants to transverse through that area

Photometric Data • Emergency fittings are available in several different types to suit various

applications. Each fitting has a Photometric classification that is used

with a spacing table to determine spacings for given mounting heights.

• The resultant spacings provide the required AS2293 minimum of 0.2 Lux

of emergency lighting in an area.

• For large areas, multiple fittings are simply mounted in a grid determined

by the calculated spacings. Batten fittings have different spacings in the

“X” (C0 & C180) and “Y” (C90) planes due to the shape of the lamp and

reflective surfaces. It is important therefore that the battens are correctly

orientated

• Recessed downlights have a single classification which determines their

spacing in both directions

Photometric Data Table

Photometric Data • Simple example

– EBT136M batten

– Photometric classifications

C0 = D32 & C90 = C32

– At a ceiling height of 3m

this means that the battens

can be a maximum of

17.2m apart in the X plane

and 11.8m apart in the Y

plane

Max

17.2m

Max

11.8m

Emergency Lighting

• Thomas & Betts market Emergency Lights

in 3 ranges –

Halogen Downlights Fluorescent Battens Halogen Flood Units

Emergency Halogen Downlights

• Thomas & Betts market 3 ranges of halogen

downlights–

10W Spitfire

7W Spitfire

10W Economy Spitfire

Spitfire 10W • Market leading D20 classified emergency downlight

• 3 main components – remote charging & control unit, battery

pack & spinning (lamp assembly)

• Utilises NiCad batteries

• Variable rate charging using lightweight, lower profile pack

• Operates in the non-maintained mode only

Spitfire 10W • Predominantly recessed but a surface mount option is

available

• Available with small (85mm) or large (141mm) heads

• Lampheads available with a clear dome or in a IP65

Weatherproof configuration

• Nexus compatible model available

Spitfire 7W

• D12.5 classified recessed emergency downlight

• 3 main components – remote charging & control unit,

battery pack & spinning

• Utilises NiCd batteries that outperform SLAs

• Variable rate charging using lightweight, lower profile pack

• Operates in the non-maintained mode only

• Available with small (85mm) or large (141mm) heads

• Available with clear dome

Economy Spitfire

• D10 classified recessed emergency downlight

• 3 main components – remote charging & control unit,

battery pack & spinning • Utilises Sealed Lead Acid (SLA) batteries

• Constant rate charging and operates in the non-maintained mode only

• Standard with large (141mm) head

• Available with clear dome

Emergency Battens

• Emergency battens are designed to provide

large amounts of light in a general nature. These

units are primarily used back of house, carparks,

warehousing & other large open spaces

Emergency Battens

• Thomas & Betts market 5 main ranges of battens –

EBAT - Economy

PBAT - Premium WP – Premium

Weatherproof

EW – Economy

Weatherproof VP – Vandal proof

EBAT - Economy Battens • Available in 18W & 36W models, single or twin lamped

• Maintained or non-maintained

• Available in bare, prismatic diffused or wireguard combinations

• Standard with hi-temp NiCad batteries

• Large 16mm terminals with switched active option (maintained only)

• Supplied without lamps

• Use Davis metalwork

PBAT - Premium Battens • Available in 18W, 36W & 58W models, single or twin

lamped

• Superior photometric performance means fewer fittings are needed in an area which reduces installation, running and maintenance costs

• Maintained or non-maintained

• Available in bare, prismatic diffused or wireguard combinations

• Standard with advanced hi-temp NiCad batteries and electronic ballasts

• Nexus compatible models available


WP - Premium Weatherproof Battens • Available in 18W, 36W & 58W models, single or twin lamped

• Superior photometric performance means fewer fittings are needed in an area which reduces installation, running and maintenance costs

• IP65 rated and therefore suited to a wide range of commercial & industrial applications

• Maintained, non-maintained or AC only

• Batten consists of high quality glass reinforced polyester (GRP) base and a tough polycarbonate diffuser with stainless steel clips

• Standard with advanced hi-temp NiCad batteries



EW - Economy Weatherproof Battens

• Available in 18W & 36W models, single or twin lamped

• Maintained or AC only

• Batten consists of tough polycarbonate base with the option of an acrylic or poycarbonate diffuser both with stainless steel clips



VP - Vandalproof Battens

• Available in 18W & 36W models, single or twin lamped

• Designed to maintain high luminance, strength & reliability

• Maintained only

• Batten consists of an aluminium body and end caps, anti tamper cover screws and a 3mm thick UV stabilised, polycarbonate lens




• Vandalproof key tool required for installation

Emergency Floodlights

• There are 2 ranges of halogen Flood Units available

EFL – Economy

Flood Units FL –Flood Units

Economy Flood Units

• 2 x 8W Halogen Emergency Floodlight

• Provides indirect light

• Large twin lamps that can be individually angled to suit

installation

• Standard with flex & plug means no wiring

• Uses SLA battery with 2 hr discharge rating

Flood Units • 12W Sealed beam, 20W Halogen &

35W Sealed Beam Lamp Head options

• Standard or Nexus monitored options

• Provides indirect light

• Large twin lamps that can be individually

angled to suit installation

• Steel enclosure

• Standard with flex & plug means no wiring

• Uses SLA battery with 2 hr discharge rating

• Optional 20W remote lamp head mounting base

Power Packs &

Accessories

Power packs • Thomas & Betts provide a complete range of emergency lighting power

packs for retrofitting into luminaires often by other OEMs

• T5, T8 and special lamp types are available

• 2 series are available, the EPP Economy packs and the PP Premium

packs.

• PP packs offer better overall performance & are available in Nexus

compatible models.

• All packs use 105 deg C rated electronics

and advanced NiCad battery packs

Spare Parts & Accessories

• Thomas & Betts also supply a range of emergency

lighting accessories such as logbooks, testing units

• All of the major components are also available as spare

parts eg batteries, power packs, lamps & diffusers

Test switch Log book Battery pack

And lots more….

• You have come to the conclusion of the introductory lighting

module. Please note that this module has only given you a

brief overview of the range. There are several specialist

product areas that we have not explored and significant

detail within each section that has not been discussed.

• If you need or want to know more, please ensure that you go

through the more advanced modules as they become

available.

• To register your completion of this course, please email the

Human Resources department: [email protected]

EXIT

Www.tnb.CA Aus Pdfs Emergency Lighting Introduction 1

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