Www.smart-microgrid.ca Project 1.4 Operational Strategies and Storage Technologies to Address...
-
Upload
britton-mcdaniel -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Www.smart-microgrid.ca Project 1.4 Operational Strategies and Storage Technologies to Address...
www.smart-microgrid.ca
Project 1.4Operational Strategies and Storage Technologies to Address Barriers for Very High Penetration of DG Units in Intelligent Microgrids Dr. Géza JoósStudent: Michael Ross
www.smart-microgrid.ca
Purpose and Challenges• Create a general framework for energy
management of Microgrids with large amounts of renewables– Controlling a Microgrid with a high level of
uncertainty and variability (e.g., stochastic nature of renewable generation).
• The methodology will be implemented for different renewable energy portfolios and power system configurations– Developing an operation strategy that
maximizes economic considerations– Incorporating various DER
www.smart-microgrid.ca
2011
•Identify barriers associated for large number of renewable DGs & research energy management strategies
2012
•Establish performance metrics considering cost optimization
2013
•Evaluate Storage technologies, modes of operation, ancillary service functions and values
2014
•Research and develop controlling strategies and algorithms
2015
•Evaluate performance of strategies
www.smart-microgrid.ca
Enhancement for Canada’s future power system
Industrial experience
Cutting edge research
www.smart-microgrid.ca
Project 1.4 Operational Strategies &
Storage Technologies for a large penetration of
renewable DGs
Projects 1.1 & 1.2Control, operation
and power management
Projects 2.2 & 2.4Energy & supply
security and Integration design
Projects 3.1 & 3.2Communication
infrastructure and Grid integration
www.smart-microgrid.ca
Barriers for Large Number of Renewable DGs• Bi-Directional Power Flow• Protection Coordination• System Grounding Issues• Unintentional Islanding• Power Balancing• Ancillary Services
www.smart-microgrid.ca
Bi-directional power flow• There may be times of high input
power and low consumption, and other times of high demand but low generation.– This is a problem since the voltage
regulation is difficult to control (voltage rise effect).
• Power can be exported as well as imported
• A fault on a lateral feeder can be “seen” on a healthy feeder, causing it to trip
Source: NRCan
www.smart-microgrid.ca
Protection Coordination• Loss of coordination (fault currents can
be larger, which means that some protective equipment can trip simultaneously)
• Loss of sensitivity (if the fault is located downstream of the DG, the utility might not be able to detect that a fault occurred).
• Nuisance fuse blowing
www.smart-microgrid.ca
Protection Coordination• Fault currents can vary widely based
on whether microgrids are connected to the grid, or disconnected– Protection equipment must know when
the microgrid is isolated or grid-connected
www.smart-microgrid.ca
System Grounding Issues• Grounding issues of the DG and
interconnecting transformer can cause either overvoltages in a line-single to-ground fault, or it can increase the short circuit current by allowing a path for zero-sequence currents to flow
www.smart-microgrid.ca
Unintentional Islanding• The DG can reconnect out of phase
with the utility• The DG can be damaged in a fault
condition• There is a risk to personnel who may
operate on an energized feeder• DGs may not have voltage or
frequency support
www.smart-microgrid.ca
Power Balancing• Load following controls must be in
place when the DG is large enough such that many loads on the feeder are supplied with power from the DG, or when operating as a microgrid.
• This is particularly difficult with renewable DGs since the input power is intermittent.
www.smart-microgrid.ca
Ancillary Services• The feeder cannot rely on generator
inertia (if interfaced through power-electronics) with dynamic changes in load– Must rely on other sources (energy
storage, for example) to ensure inertial frequency response for the initial energy balance when a new load comes online/offline
www.smart-microgrid.ca
Current Interconnection Standards• IEEE 1547• Requirements for the Interconnection
of Distributed Generation to the Hydro-Quebec Medium-Voltage Distribution System
• BC Hydro Interconnection Requirements for Power Generators
• Hydro One Distributed Generation Technical Interconnection Requirements
www.smart-microgrid.ca
Energy Management Strategies• Load curtailment – Demand response– Direct load control
• Generation curtailment – Including dump loads
• Energy Storage Systems– Batteries– Flywheels– Supercapacitors– Etc.
www.smart-microgrid.ca
Gaps:- Other barriers for high
penetration renewable DGs?- Other interconnection
standards?- Energy management strategies?
www.smart-microgrid.ca
Project 1.4 Operational Strategies and Storage Technologies to Address Barriers for Very High Penetration of DG Units in
Intelligent Microgrids
For further information contact:Michael Ross