W.W.I. STARTS EVENTS AROUND THE WORLD BEHIND THE START OF THE WAR.
W.W.I: A Global Conflict Ch. 29 Section 3. Global Conflict W.W.I was much more than a European...
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Transcript of W.W.I: A Global Conflict Ch. 29 Section 3. Global Conflict W.W.I was much more than a European...
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W.W.I: A Global Conflict
Ch. 29 Section 3
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Global Conflict• W.W.I was much more than a European conflict.
• Australia and Japan entered the war on the Allies side.
• Ottoman Turks and Bulgaria allied themselves with the Central Powers.
• Gallipoli Campaign – Britain’s attempt to attack the Turks at Gallipoli in 1915.• Trying to establish a supply line to Russia – Not successful
• Battles in Africa and Asia – Germany’s colonial possessions came under assault by French and British but with the help of India, South Africa, Senegal, Egypt, Algeria, and Indochina.
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German War Tactics• Germany seeks to control Atlantic Ocean to stop
supplies to Britain.• German Blockade
• Germany announced it would begin unrestricted submarine warfare -- sinking ships without warning in the waters around Britain.
• Sinking of the Lusitania (British Ship) killing 1,198 people including 128 Americans.
• U.S. warned Germany after the sinking• Germany continued to this type of warfare.
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Zimmerman Telegram• In 1917, Britain intercepted a telegram from
Germany’s foreign secretary, Arthur Zimmerman, to the German ambassador in Mexico. The message said that Germany would help Mexico “re-conquer” the land it lost to the U.S. if Mexico would ally itself with Germany.
• When the Zimmerman Note was made public, Americans called for War against Germany.
• U.S. declares war against Germany in April 1917, joining Allies.
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Here is a picture of the telegram as it was received, encoded:
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This is a picture of the same telegram, but decoded:
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Total War• The Great War, as the conflict came to be known,
affected everyone. Not only soldiers but civilians as well.
• World War I becomes total war—nations devote all resources to war• Governments take control of economy to produce war
goods.• Gov’ts turn to rationing—limiting the amount of goods
people can buy.• Propaganda—one-sided information to build morale,
support for war
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Women and the War
• At home, thousands of women filled jobs previously held by men.
• Women built tanks, plowed fields, paved streets and ran hospitals.
• They also kept troops supplied with food, clothing, and weapons.
• Many women also experience the war by working as nurses.
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The End is Near• The losses suffered during the war for Russia took
away from the Russian people’s support for their Czar.
• Civil unrest in Russia forces czar Nicholas to step down.
• Lack of food and fuel brought the czar’s government to the brink of collapse.
• Communists take control of Russia’s government. • Russia signs the treaty of Brest-Litovsk with
Germany in March 1918, which ends the fighting between them.
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Victory in Sight• With Russia gone, Germany moves most forces to
Western Front• Germans mounted one final massive attack on the allies in France.
• More than 6,000 German cannons opened the offensive with the largest artillery attack of the entire war.
• German forces crushed everything in their path and victory was within reach.
• By this time, the German military had weakened and sensing this, the allies launched a counterattack.
• France with the help of nearly 140,000 fresh troops Americans force Germans to retreat.
• In July 1918, the Allies and Germans clashed again and soon the Central powers began to crumble.
• Allies win war• Armistice is signed in November 1918 (ending the fighting).
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Legacy of the War• War takes heavy toll: 8.5 million soldiers dead, 21
million wounded.• War devastates European economies and drains
national treasuries.• Many acres of land and homes, villages, towns are
destroyed• Survivors suffer disillusionment and despair; reflected in
the arts and literature.• Peace agreement, which was sought to bring a new sense
of security and peace, prompted mainly anger and resentment.