COVER 4 COVER 1

WSC

85th Annual Proceedings 2017

65884_WSC_covers_nk.indd 1 12/1/2017 2:39:21 PM

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE

THE GROVE HOTEL

BOISE, IDAHO

APRIL 17-20, 2017

EIGHTY-FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING

Scott Pattee (General Chair) Jon Lea (Secretary/Treasurer)

USDA NRCS USDA NRCS, Ret.

Ron Abramovich – Conference Chair

Mel Kunkel – Program Chair and Technical Committee Chair

Abby Lute – Technical Tour Chair, Science Seminar, and Asst. Local Arrangements

Kara Ferguson – Vendor Chair and Asst. Local Arrangements

Peter Palmer and Vince Matthews – Local Arrangements

Jon Lea – Registration Chair

Bruce McGurk – Editor

Printed By

Omnipress

800-828-0305 - www.omnipress.com

For sale by the Western Snow Conference from:

Jon Lea

PO Box 485

Brush Prairie, WA 98606

westernsnowconference@gmail.com

Photos:

Cover: Inspiration Run at Bogus Basin Mountain Recreation Area

overlooking the Boise Valley

Back Top: Yellow bell flowers after a morning snow shower

Back Bottom: SnowSchool Weather Station at Bogus Basin Mountain Recreation Area

All by Ron Abramovich

IN MEMORIAM

Robert T. Davis and Jackie Davis

Bob was born in 1927 and grew up in

British Columbia to American parents. He

worked summers in a salmon cannery while in

high school, and when he graduated we went to

University of British Columbia, had a great

time, and flunked every class. He moved to

Bozeman with his parents and began attending

Montana State College. His schooling was

interrupted by a year in the military, but he

returned and graduated with a B.S. in

Agricultural Engineering. He got a job in

Lincoln, NB as a GS-5 engineer nearby. He met

his future wife, Jacquelyn, there and was

married in 1953. He soon transferred to Boise

and was a trainee under Morlan Nelson in Idaho

Snow Surveys. Ash Codd (Snow Survey

Supervisor for Montana and Upper Missouri

River Basin) hired Bob when he was going to

Montana State College (now Montana State

Univ.) as he did with George Peak and Phil

Farnes. Bob began plotting data for runoff

forecasts, which at the time were nothing more

than a scatter plot of snow water equivalent

(SWE) versus seasonal runoff, though some

plots included precipitation or anything the forecaster could find that would correlate. Ash was developing the

Montana Snow Bug, and early oversnow vehicle at the time, and Bob rode with him on numerous snow surveys

using the Bug. After college, Bob continued to work for the Soil Conservation Service (SCS). Ash suggested he

meet with Arch Work, head of Snow Surveys and Water Supply Forecasting for SCS. With the recommendations of

Ash and Morley, Arch appointed him to the job of Snow Survey Supervisor for Washington. Only two watersheds

were being measured when he started, so he added many new basins on the east side of the Cascades. Bob was

active in the Mt. Hood Test Site where various remote SWE measuring systems were being evaluated. Among his

many accomplishments, Bob began testing snow pillows and meteor burst communications, and the SNOTEL

network was born. He began implementing the new pillow and meteor burst communication systems at various sites

in Washington, including Mt. St. Helens due to increased earthquake activity and a concern about eruption and

snowmelt flooding. He loved the SCS and the snow work, and remained there for the rest of his career. Bob retired

in 1983, not long after Mt. St. Helens erupted. Bob and Jackie contributed to the WSC as the Executive Secretary

for over 20 years. His help was really appreciated by those of us who took over as General Chairman as well as all

of those in the WSC. His help in setting up annual meetings and working out details with the Convention Centers

was invaluable. In the earlier days, Jackie re-typed all of the papers presented at the annual meetings so they would

all have the same type and format when published in the proceedings. They also handled the publication and

distribution of the Proceedings and registration at the annual meetings. Their contribution to the WSC has been a

significant part of the WSC history and its success.

Fred Allen Strauss

Fred was born on Dec. 22, 1919 and joined the Snow Surveys program in 1949 under the leadership of Fred

Paget. It was a time or rapid expansion of the program, stimulated by flooding of portions of Sacramento, CA, in

1952. CA Snow Surveys was busy adding new snow courses as well as new snow survey cabins. Following Fred

Paget’s untimely death while on a cabin stocking trip in 1950, Strauss took over the reins. He was not one to shy

away from change and innovation, admittedly not all of which were successful. In the success column was the

convening of an annual meeting of the participants in the CA Cooperative Snow program in 1954, which continues

to this day. Fred also implemented the first airborne snow surveys with photographs of aerial depth markers at

the snow courses, taken from light aircraft. Fred initiated an attempt at using helicopters to conduct manual snow

surveys for the April, 1952 surveys in the Kern drainage. Although there was no loss of life during the effort, the

result as recounted by Murt Stewart in Pat Armstrong’s book “Life a of Snow Surveyor” is hair-raising. He resigned

from his position with CA Snow Surveys in 1954, perhaps hoping in vain to escape the El Farsante award for the

most egregious forecasting flub. He also was employed by the US Forest Service for many years.

The 1950’s was also a time of growth for the WSC and snow science. Fred was an active member of the

Western Snow Conference (WSC) in its early years, an organization dedicated to the art and practice of snow

surveys in the western states, and he continued his participation in this organization throughout his life. Fred was a

contemporary of the founders of snow hydrology, such as Dr. Church and Dr. Boardman, as shown in the photo

above from the 1959 Annual Meeting in Reno. Fred was a bridge between the early pioneers of snow surveys and

runoff forecasting and the current practitioners. He published numerous papers in the WSC Proceedings on snow

surveying history, efforts to improve the Federal sampler, record snowfall in WY1952, graphical forecasting of

runoff from snow survey information, the “new” environmental impact statement in 1973, and a perspective on

instrumentation automation in 1984. He was always willing to discuss current and past events, and his memory of

past winter’s magnitude and issues was remarkable. Fred attended many WSC meeting with his wife of many years,

Evelyn, a witty and friendly woman. Evelyn passed away in about 2006. Fred’s daughter, Barbara, devoted a lot of

time to care for Fred in his last years, and brought him to both Western Snow Conference and California

Cooperative Snow Survey meetings. Fred passed away on March 10, 2017 at his home in Grizzly Flats, CA. His

last attendance at a Western Snow Conference was in Seattle in 2016, and fortunately his banquet presentation was

recorded by Randall Osterhuber, former Secretary/Treasurer of the WSC, and is available at the following link:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_xuXg5AdhgA

Photos: Top left, Fred at the 2016 WSC in Seattle. Top right: Fred in about 1960. Bottom left: Evelyn and Fred,

date unknown. Bottom right: Barbara and Fred in 2016.

Kelly Redmond

Kelly Redmond was born on Jan. 5, 1952 in Wisconsin and

raised in Montana. His undergraduate degree was in physics from

MIT. He received MS and PhD degrees from the Univ. of Wisconsin.

He was the Regional Climatologist for the western U.S., deputy

director of the Western Regional Climate Center, and a research

professor with Desert Research Institute’s Division of Atmospheric

Sciences in Reno for many years. Kelly was a skilled science

communicator, and traveled extensively to explain weather, climate,

climate change, and forecasting. He was generous with his time and

intellect, and his wry humor was cherished. He received the Applied

Climatology Award from the Amer. Met. Soc. in 2008, and was elected

as a fellow of AMS in 2015. He delivered the Tyndall Lecture at the

2014 Amer. Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco. Kelly

passed at home in Reno on Nov. 4, 2017, after a long illness.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2017 WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAPERS Observing Snow Redistribution Impacts on Snow-Covered Area Over the Canadian Rockies Using Remote Sensing (Extended Abstract)

by Nicholas Wayand ........................................................................................................................ 1 Characteristics of Moisture Pathways Associated with Large Precipitation Events in the Upper Colorado River Basin (Extended Abstract)

by Johnathan P. Kirk and Thomas W. Schmidlin ............................................................................ 9 Toward a Greater Understanding of Snowmelt Hydrology in Utah

by Randall P. Julander and Jordan Clayton ................................................................................... 13

Solar Forcing of Drought Detected in Snowfall Records of the Central Sierra Nevada, Western United States

by John A. Kleppe and Daniel S. Brothers .................................................................................... 25 Has the Annual Point Snowfall on the Canadian Prairie Increased or Decreased?

by H.W. Cutforth, J. Nimegeers, and H. Steppuhn ........................................................................ 39 Are Model Complexity and Transferability Antithetical? Insights from Validation of a Variable-Complexity Snow Model on New Conditions

by A.C. Lute and Charles Luce ...................................................................................................... 49 Disentangling the Importance of Snowmelt Rate, Timing, and Amount of Runoff Production

by Theodore Barnhart, Christina Tague, and Noah Molotch ......................................................... 53 Cross-Validation of Gridded Precipitation Datasets and a Regional Climate Simulation for the Interior Western United States

by Bart Geerts, Xiaoqin Jing, Yonggang Wang, and Changhai Liu .............................................. 57

Sensitivity of Snow and Hydrological Dynamics to Climate in a Catchment Characterized By Wind-Driven Redistribution of Snow (Extended Abstract)

by Adrienne Marshall, Timothy Link, Linda Tedrow, and Gerald Flerchinger ............................. 63 Effect of the Tree Canopies in Microwave Radiometric Remote Sensing of Snowpack

by Seyedmohammad Mousavi, Roger De Roo, Kamal Sarabandi, and Anthony W. England ..................................................................................................................... 65

Using Ground Penetrating Radar to Assess the Variability of Snow Water Equivalent And Melt in a Mixed Canopy Forest

by Ryan Webb ............................................................................................................................... 73 Constraining Physical Controls on Snow Hydrology Along the Wasatch Front, UT

by S. McKenzie Skiles, Steven Clark, Jeremy Andreini, Matt Olson, and Hannah Peterson ...................................................................................................................... 77

The Influence of Cloudiness, Temperature, and Precipitation Variabilities on Snowmelt Variations in the Western U.S.

by Edwin Sumargo and Daniel R. Cayan ...................................................................................... 85

POSTERS Snow Depth Variations from Storm Trajectory and Mountain Topography in the Tuolumne River Basin, California

by Jeremy Saldivar and S. McKenzie Skiles ................................................................................. 97 A Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Radiative Forcing Across a Regional Scale in the Western Unites States

by Janelle Gherasim and S. McKenzie Skiles .............................................................................. 101 Trends in Snow-Line Elevation Along the Wasatch Front, Utah from MODIS Fractional Snow-Covered Area

by Hannah Peterson and S. McKenzie Skiles .............................................................................. 105 Multi-Channel Ice Penetrating Radar Traverse for Estimates of Firn Density in the Percolation Zone, Western Greenland Ice Sheet

by Tate Meehan, John Bradford, H.P. Marshall, Eric Osterberg, Bob Hawley, Thomas Overly, Gabe Lewis, Karina Graeter, and Forrest McCarthy ........................................ 109

Snow, Cold, and Winter: What Does that Mean for Canada in the 20th and 21st Centuries

by Jerry Toupin ............................................................................................................................ 115 Recent Changes in the Sierra Snowpack of California

by Maurice Roos and Angelique Fabbiani-Leon ......................................................................... 119 National SnowSchool Program and Weather Station Pilot Project

by Kerry McClay, Charlie Luce, Tom Black, and Abigail Lute .................................................. 129 The Influence of Forest Canopy Structure on Snow Interception: Design and Implementation of a New Model

by C. David Moeser ..................................................................................................................... 133 SNOW NOTES Minutes of the Western Snow Conference Executive Committee Meeting ............................................. 139 Minutes of the Western Snow Conference Business Meeting .................................................................. 143 85th Annual Meeting of the Western Snow Conference – Attendees ..................................................... 145

85th Annual Western Snow Conference Executive Committee Meeting

Boise, Idaho USA April 17, 2017

In attendance:

Abramovich, Ron

Elias, Emile

Fisher, Daniel

Ferguson, Kara

Kattelmann, Rick

Kunkel, Mel

Lea, Jolyne

Lea, Jon

Lute, Abby

Matherne, Anne Marie

Maxwell, Connie

McGurk, Bruce

Molotch, Noah

Moeser, David

Osterhuber, Randall

Palmer, Peter

Pattee, Scott

Rango, Al

White, Vince

General Chair Scott Pattee called the meeting to order at 0815.

Minutes of the 2017 Executive Committee Meeting

Welcome and Introductions

❖ Those in attendance introduced themselves. Noah Molotch, Ann Marie Matherne, Dave Moeser, Al Rango,

Connie Maxell, and Emile Elias were able to attend via phone connection. Last year Bob Davis, Fred

Strauss, and Kelly Redmond passed. The minutes also need to reflect that in 2014, Jackie Davis passed.

WSC 2016 Executive Committee Meeting Minutes

❖ The minutes from the 2016 Executive Committee Meeting from Seattle, Washington, California were

distributed to the members prior to the meeting, by Secretary Jon Lea. The minutes were printed in the

2016 Proceedings. The only addition to the minutes were to reflect the above noted addition. Moved by

Rick Kattelmann and seconded by Randy Julander to accept the minutes as printed, with the addition of

reflecting the passing of Jackie Davis. Motion passed.

Treasurer’s Report

Jon Lea reported:

❖ The 2017 Non-Profit paperwork was filed with Secretary of State for Washington State in November, 2016

❖ The 2016 IRS Form 990EZ was filed in Late March

❖ Current bank balance as of April 12, 2017 was $34,872.32, and balanced with the last Bank Statement.

❖ Fees for awards during the past year were: $645.87

❖ Printing the 2016 Proceedings: $2,635

❖ The 2016 Proceedings were mailed to the membership in January 2017. The USFS again handles the

shipping of the 2016 Proceedings to the members. Also in January, all of the “out of country” mailings and

multiple issue mailing to resellers were also completed, for an expense of $308.95

❖ As of Sunday, April 16, 2017, 105 people have registered for this year’s conference including eleven

vendors, all but 8 registered through the on-line registration.

❖ Copy of the latest balance sheet and a copy of the WSC’s 2017 Form 990 Federal Tax Return were made

available for inspection to the executive committee. All financial records are stored in LaCenter,

Washington and open to inspection.

Was moved by Bruce McGurk and seconded by Mel Kunkle to accept the treasurer’s report. Motion was

passed.

139

Area Reports for the 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Conferences

❖ 2016, North Pacific: Jolyne Lea reported that the Best Western Plus, Executive Inn in Seattle had been

outstanding to work with. There were 35 who attended the short course on the “Olympex” and 119 and

registered for the conference. Fred Strauss was the banquet speaker, and Randall Osterhuber was able to

record the presentation (note: after the conference was completed, it was learned that Fred had passed

away in late March). All in all, it was a successful conference both technical and financially.

❖ 2017, North Continental: Peter Palmer stated that all is ready to go for the 2017 Joint Conference with the

Weather Modification Association (WMA). There will be one joint session, then concurrent sessions for

the rest of the conference. Peter also stated that much coordination was required. The Grove Hotel was

great to work with, especially given the nature of the Joint conference. Despite the similarity of the two

organization, there were also differences in the way the meetings are handled. The organization committee

was able to develop a conference which balanced the differences. There were a couple of take-a-way

which warrant further discussion; one is the WMA host’s a breakfast for all attendees, and the second was

that conference registration also include the banquet, a function which seems to help attract student

attendees to attend. These items may be of interest in future planning for the WSC annual meetings. The

“Guest Tour”, formerly referred to as the Spouse tour, will be to the Morley Nelson Birds of Prey

Sanctuary. The technical tour will be a bus tour to Bogus Basin Ski area, visiting research sites along the

way.

❖ 2018, South Continental: Dave Moeser stated that the South Continental is planning on hosting the 2018

meeting at the Crown Plaza in Albuquerque, during the week of April 7-20. Technical tour will be a

review of USGS stations along the Rio Grande. Also being held at the Crown Plaza during at the same

time will be the Rio Grande Water Stakeholders meeting, where there will be reviews of the operational

water supply forecasts. There will be opportunities for conference members to attend some of that meeting.

Noah will be the conference chair supported by others in the New Mexico area. The Crown Plaza does

honor the Government per diem rate.

❖ 2019, South Pacific: There was a discussion of potential locations with included the possibility of another

meeting in Hawaii. However, the normal progression would be in Arizona. Interest seemed to be centered

on Flagstaff, but with the 2018 meeting being held in the SW, and relatively few members to help organize,

thoughts, from the committee, were more centered on having the meeting in the Reno/Tahoe area. Also in

the discussion, was Southern California, perhaps being able to include for Jeff Dozier from UCSB, who is

planning on retiring next year.

Standing Committee Reports:

Documents

❖ Bruce McGurk reported, that as always, paper submission was a slow process and required considerable

haranguing to get the authors to submit papers. Omnipress, the publisher of our Proceedings would like

more of our business, if possible. They have been a great group to work with. Scanning of older

documents has been progressing. Bruce reports that 1934-1948 are scanned and ready to load. Bruce

plans on getting the loading to the web page, completed during the year. There is a new web master at

ARS/UNM in New Mexico, Jim Lentz, who has taken over after Valerie LaPlante retired. He has been

very responsive, and good to work with. We are reminded that the WSC Web Master work is being done

as a volunteer effort. Bruce McGurk has been repairing bad links, and they are fixed as they are found.

❖ Jon Lea mentioned that there has been no change in the numbers of Proceedings preordered by School

libraries and resellers. This activity still provides approximately $1300 per year of income.

❖ Posting of the Conference recordings to YouTube is still pending. There are still a few details to be worked

out before posting.

❖ There was a discussion that even thought this current meeting is a joint meeting, WMA doesn’t published a

proceedings, therefore the 2017 Proceeding will only be WSC submitted papers.

❖ Bruce McGurk renewed the WSC web domain name again this year.

Wilderness Access Committee

❖ Follow up on the recommendations previous years, is still ongoing, but at a very slow rate.

There is a current draft being developed by California DWR for submission to the Western Governors

Association that is currently under review. Once completed, WSC will also endorse. Scott Pattee will

140

follow Gary Freemans support of Calif DWR’s and provide assistance to Frank as needed. The WSC one

page position paper from 1990 can be reviewed in the WSC Dropbox site.

Awards

❖ Last year’s winners were awarded their stipend and their plaques were shipped.

❖ Bruce McGurk announced that the El Farsante award is in attendance and ready to be presented.

❖ Jolyne Lea reiterated the request to have two members, one being the area chair, if possible, from each area

help judge presentation at this conference. Awards to be presented this year, Best Oral Presentation, Best

Student Presentation, Best Poster and the El Farsante. As a reminder, judging for the presentation awards

should be based on the presenter’s delivery from the podium, the quality of the Power Point, Scientific

Process, New Science, and ability to answer questions. Posters, in addition to the scientific process should

also be judged with an eye toward the graphic layout, and the presenter’s interactions with conference

attendees during the poster session. Awardees should also be planning on attending the banquet so they

may be recognized.

❖ Jolyne Lea also mentioned, with so many authors now being listed on the papers, is difficult to determine

which papers are student papers. Student papers should be delineated as such in the program, if possible.

❖ Jolyne Lea mentioned again, that we are running short of ties. Arnolds, who does our awards plaques will

be contacted to produce the tie. The WSC has the mold to produce the snowflake casting.

Communications

❖ Peter Palmer reminded everyone that the WSC Dropbox web site is fully functional. The web address is

www.tinyurl.com/wscdropbox. He has continued to providing some clean up and now has most of the

WSC forms and paper work in the one location. It has been noted that the Dropbox site is difficult for some

Federal members to access from their work computers, however. The solution to this is to access whatever

document you need from your smart phone, and email it to your federal email address.

❖ To avoid the email issues with Google-mail, it was suggested to Peter Palmer to try Mail Chimp. It worked

very well for the mailing this year. Peter presented a Power Point on the use of software. however if

members need a mass emailing, contact Peter Palmer, it is set up for his access. To formalize Peter’s work

in arena of WSC communications, it was moved and seconded to make Peter Palmer the WSC Web Based

Corresponding Secretary.

Ad hoc Committees

❖ There were no Ad hoc Committee reports.

Old Business

.

❖ The Eastern Snow Conference will be having their 75th anniversary meeting in June, 2018. It was moved

and seconded that Bruce McGurk represent the WSC at their meeting. WSC will pay registration fee for

Bruce.

New Business

❖ A reminder, that 2017 is a WSC election year. Each area will announce the new executive membership

prior to the Albuquerque meeting.

❖ Abby Lute reminded everyone that there is a special “Know Your Snow” forum at the Jacks Urban Meeting

Place (JUMP). All are encouraged to attend after the Tuesday Technical Session. WSC and WMA have

provided donations to the forum.

❖ Ron Abramovich suggested a donation to Bogus Basin, where will be multiple technical tour

demonstrations. The Technical Tour will be Bogus Basin after the resort ended normal operations for the

season, however, the resort is willing to help provide over snow transportation from the lodge to the

SNOTEL site. It was moved and seconded to provide a $200 donation to the resort.

❖ Move to Adjourn by Bruce McGurk, seconded by Vince White

The 2016 Executive Meeting adjourned at 1125.

Respectfully Submitted,

Jon Lea

Secretary/Treasurer, Western Snow Conference

August 2, 2017

142

85th Annual Western Snow Conference Business Meeting

Boise, Idaho, USA April 19, 2017

Approximately 35 Western Snow Conference members and guests were in attendance.

General Chair Scott Pattee called the meeting to order at 1630.

Minutes of the 2017 Business Meeting

General Chair Report

❖ Scott Pattee welcomed the members to the Business Meeting. Scott recognized missing that this past year,

the conference lost Kelly Redmond and Bob Davis. Also recognized was Jackie Davis, Bob’s wife who

passed last year. The vendors were introduced and thanked for their support to the 2017 Conference. Scott

Pattee and Ron Abramovich and Peter Palmer thanked the presenters for their contribution to the

Conference.

❖ Summary of the 2017 Executive Meeting was presented by the Secretary, Jon Lea, as well as a brief

Treasurer’s Report

Old Business/New Business Discussion

❖ The meeting for the WSC in 2018 will be Albuquerque, New Mexico at the Crown Plaza. Being hosted at

the same venue at the same time will be the Rio Grande Water Stakeholders meeting, which conference

members may also attend.

❖ The Eastern Snow Conference will be hosting their 75 Annual Conference in June 2018. The Western

Snow Conference will be represented by Bruce McGurk.

❖ Ron Abramovich presented instructions for tomorrow’s bus tour to Bogus Basin Ski area. Rain and snow

are in the forecast, so prepare accordingly.

❖ The Awards committee will meet immediately following the business meeting

Meeting adjourned at 1645.

Respectfully Submitted,

Jon Lea

Secretary/Treasurer, Western Snow Conference

August 4, 2017

143

144

Attendees of the 85th Annual meeting of the Western Snow Conference

Boise, ID April 17-20, 2017

NAME AFFILATION EMAIL

Abramovich, Ron NRCS ron.abramovich@id.usda.gov Aguayo, Miguel Boise State University miguelaguayo@u.boisestate.edu Alserda, Larry Salt Lake City Corp. larry.alserda@slcgov.com Andreini, Jeremy Dept Earth Science, Utah Valley Univ jeremy.andreini@hotmail.com Baker, Dirk Campbell Scientific lruiz@campbellsci.com Barnhart, Theodore University of Colorado / INSTAAR theodore.barnhart@colorado.edu Barrie, Rex Water District #63 waterdistrict63@qwestoffice.net Beall, Stephanie No. Amer. Weather Consultants, Inc sbeall@nawcinc.com x

Bednar, Kaitlyn Sacramento Municipal Utility District kbednar@smud.org x

Bedortha, Dylan YSI Inc. dylan.bedortha@xyleminc.com Bertolino, John Sacramento Municipal Utility District jbertolino@smud.org x

Biduk, Steve Geo Scientific Ltd. Info@geoscientific.com Black, Tom USFS Rocky Mountain Research tblack@fs.fed.us Blestrud, Derek Idaho Power dblestrud@idahopower.com Boe, Bruce Weather Modification International bboe@weathermod.com x

Bomar, George Texas Dept. of Licensing & Regulation gwbomar@att.net x

Bowling, Jon Idaho Power jbowling@idahopower.com Brackin, Neil Weather Modification International nbrackin@flypremierjet.com x

Brainard, Adam Weather Modification International brainard92@tamu.edu x

Brandal, Glenn Idaho Power bglenn@idahopower.com x

Breed, Dan Univ. Corp. for Atmospheric Research breed6095@gmail.com x

Brewer, Tim Idaho Power Company TBrewer@IdahoPower.com Bridge Clark, Cynthia Idaho Dep. of Water Resources cynthia.clark@idwr.idaho.gov Brothers, Daniel No. Dakota Atmos. Research Board dabrothers@nd.gov x

Brylawski, James GEONOR, Inc. jbrylawski@geonor.com Burger, Roelof Univ. of Witwatersrand, So. Africa roelof.burger@gmail.com x

Burns, Ed EnviroTech Services, Inc. bbarea@envirotechservices.com Capece, Laurie Weather Modification Association wmaexecsec@gmail.com x

Cederle, Jeni Wyoming Water Development Office jeni.cederle1@wyo.gov x

Clow, David USGS dwclow@usgs.gov Collier, Sean Southern Nevada Water Authority gissean@gmail.com Corrie, Timothy NAWMC Scholarship Winner corr9470@bears.unco.edu x

Cresto, Liz Idaho Dept Water Resources liz.cresto@idwr.idaho.gov Dawson, Nicholas Idaho Power ndawson@idahopower.com DeFelice, Tom - clddoc@gmail.com x

Delene, David University of North Dakota ddelene@aim.com x

Desilets, Darin Hydroinnova darin@hydroinnova.com Ekness, Jamie Weather Modification International jekness@weathermod.com x

Elke, Curtis NRCS curtis.elke@id.usda.gov Elliot, Sean Idaho Power selliot@idahppower.com x

Erickson, Ryan Sunrise Engineering rerickson@sunrise-eng.com x

Faerber Zimmerman, Julia Jumara Air Service jul.faerber@googlemail.com x

Ferguson, Kara Boise State University karaferguson@u.boisestate.edu

145

Fischer, Erin Weather Modification International efischer@weathermod.com x

Fischer, Jody Weather Modification International jfischer@weathermod.com x

Fisher, Daniel NRCS-USDA daniel.fisher@ak.usda.gov Fisher, James Boise State University jamesfisher251@u.boisestate.edu Flanagan, Todd No. Amer. Weather Consultants, Inc tflanagan@nawcinc.com x

Fletcher, Matt Idaho Power Company mfletecher@idahopower.com Flora, Stephen Salt River Project stephen.flora@srpnet.com Funke, Craig Texas Weather Modification Assoc. the_funkes@yahoo.com x

Geerts, Bart University of Wyoming geerts@uwyo.edu x

Gehrke, Frank California Coop Snow Surveys tioga1.frank@gmail.com Gherasim, Janelle Utah Valley University j.elise.gherasim@gmail.com Gilbert, Dan Weather Modification International Cyclonedude@hotmail.com x

Golden, Patrick Heritage Environmental Consultants pgolden@heritage-ec.com x

Gongora, Joel Boise State University joelgongora@u.boisestate.edu Gregory, Angela University of New Mexico angelag6521@gmail.com Griffith, Don No. Amer. Weather Consultants, Inc griffith@nawcinc.com x

Guan, May (Xiu Juan) Alberta Environment and Parks may.guan@gov.ab.ca Hale, Kate University of Colorado, Boulder katherine.e.hale@colorado.edu Harms, Deborah USDA/NRCS/NWCC deb.harms@por.usda.gov Harper, Charlie Ice Crystal Engineering charlie@iceflares.com x

Harvey, Tom Idaho Power tharvey@idahopower.com Hasenyager, Candice State of Utah CandiceHasenyager@utah.gov x

Havens, Scott Bureau of Reclamation shavens@usbr.gov Hedrick, Andrew USDA ARS NWRC andrew.hedrick@ars.usda.gov Heggli, Anne High Sierra Electronics - OneRain aheggli@highsierraelectronics.com Heggli, Matthew Alpine Hydromet matt@alpinehydromet.com Henn, Brian Scripps Institution UC San Diego bhenn@ucsd.edu Henrie, Gary Bureau of Reclamation ghenrie@usbr.gov Hibert, Kurt University of North Dakota kjhibert@gmail.com x

Hiscutt, Farrin Electronic Systems Development esd2k@mwebco.za x

Hjermstad, Alisa Western Weather Consultants westernweather.alisa@gmail.com Hjermstad, Eric Western Weather Consultants westernweather.eric@gmail.com x

Hjermstad, Larry Western Weather Consultants westernweather.larry@gmail.com x

Hoekema, David Idaho Dept. of Water Resources david.hoekema@idwr.idaho.gov Hoffmann, Clint U.S. Dept of Agriculture clint.hoffmann@ars.usda.gov x

Holden, Zachary US Forest Service zaholdenfs@gmail.com Jenkins, Stephanie ID. Dept of Environmental Quality stephanie.jenkins@deq.idaho.gov Jennings, Jonathon West Texas Weather Mod. Assoc. jennings6@gmail.com x

Jennings, Keith CU Boulder/INSTAAR keith.jennings@colorado.edu Jorquera, Robert Hillard Universidad de Chile rhilliardj@hotmail.com x

Julander, Randy USDA-NRCS Randy.Julander@ut.usda.gov Kattelmann, Rick - rickk@qnet.com Kerr, Greg University of Wyoming rrek@uwyo.edu x

Kirk, Johnathan Kent State University jkirk9@kent.edu Kleppe, John University of Nevada, Reno kleppe@unr.edu Knoph, Roger EnviroTech Services, Inc. bbarea@envirotechservices.com Kormos, Patrick USDA ARS patrick.kormos@ars.usda.gov Kucera, Paul UCAR pkucera@ucar.edu x

Kunkel, Mel Idaho Power Co mkunkel@idahopower.com Laffin, Richard Campbell Scientific Canada chelsea.fry@campbellsci.ca

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Langerud, Darin North Dakota Atmo. Research Board dlangerud@nd.gov x

Lapo, Karl University of Washington lapok@uw.edu LaRoche, Kendell South Texas Weather Mod. Assoc. klaroche25@comcast.net x

Lawrence, Barry Wyoming Water Development Office barry.lawrence@wyo.gov x

Lea, Jolyne USDA/NRCS/NWCC jolyne.lea@por.usda.gov Lea, Jon Western Snow Conference snowjob1015@yahoo.com Lentz, Dale Bureau of Reclaimation dlentz@usbr.gov Link, Timothy University of Idaho tlink@uidaho.edu Loveland, Corey Bureau of Reclamation cloveland@usbr.gov Luce, Charles US FS, Rocky Mtn. Research Station cluce@fs.fed.us Lute, Abby University of Idaho aby.lute@gmail.com

Lute, Dan - dlute@rmci.net Mann, Bill In-Situ Inc. bmann@in-situ.com Marshall, Adrienne University of Idaho mars7850@vandals.uidaho.edu Matthews, Vince USDA NASS Idaho Field Office vince.matthews@usda.gov McClay, Kerry Winter Wildland Alliance kmcclay@winterwildlands.org McDonough, Frank Desert Research Institute frank.mcdonough@dri.edu x

McGurk, Bruce McGurk Hydrologic brucemcgurk@comcast.net McPartland, Jack - jackmcp@comcast.net x

Meehan, Tate Boise State University tatemeehan@boisestate.edu Moeser, David United States Geological Survey cmoeser@usgs.gov Molotch, Noah University of Colorado at Boulder noah.molotch@colorado.edu Monek, Alan Bureau of Reclamation amonek@usbr.gov Morrisey, Phil NRCS, Ret. pmorrisey2029@gmail.com Moser, Cody Northwest River Forecast Center cody.moser@noaa.gov Mousavi, Seyedmohammad University of Michigan mousavis@umich.edu Neff, Doug Campbell Scientific dneff@campbellsci.com O'Dowd, Daryl Weatherdyne International odowd@weatherdyne.com x

Osterhuber, Randall UCB Central Sierra Snow Laboratory snowlab@att.net Owen, Conni Let It Snow cowen@mudlake.net x

Owen, Marty Let It Snow cowen@mudlake.net x

Palmer, Peter NRCS/USBR Retired peterleepalmer@msn.com Parkinson, Shaun Idaho Power sparkinson@idahopower.com x

Pattee, Scott USDA-NRCS scott.pattee@wa.usda.gov Pennington, Howard Idaho Power Company hpennington@idahopower.com Petersky, Rose University Nevada Reno rpetersky@nevada.unr.edu Peterson, Hannah Utah Valley University hannah.peterson65@gmail.com Pittman, Albert Idaho Power Corp. apittman@idahopower.com Rasley, Lacie Boise State University lacierasley@u.boisestate.edu Rassmussen, Roy UCAR rasmus@ucar.edu x

Roddie, Patrick - patrick@webbery.com x

Roos, Maury California DWR mroos@water.ca.gov Ruiz, Archie National Wind Institute- Texas Tech archie52007@suddenlink.net x

Russell, Micah University of Idaho russ5140@vandals.uidaho.edu Ryan, Tom Metropolitan Water District of CA tryan@mwdh2o.com x

Saldivar, Jeremy Utah Valley University jeremysaldivar@hotmail.com Schneider, Mark North Dakota Atmo. Research Board mdschneider@nd.gov x

Shourd, Kacie Student- Desert Research Institute - x

Sisson, TJ OTT Hydromet tsisson@otthydromet.com Skeie, Erik Colorado Water Conservation Board erik.skeie@state.co.us x

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Skiles, McKenzie Earth Science, Utah Valley Univ. skiles.mckenzie@gmail.com Smyly, Teri Pacific Gas & Electric TAGL@pge.com Snowberger, Joyce Pacific Test and Measurement Inc. jsnowberger@pacifictestandmeasurement.com

Solak, Mark No. Amer. Weather Consultants, Inc msolak@nawcinc.com x

Sommer, Wolfram Hydrological Services America peter@hydrologicalusa.com Stanaway, Dan Idaho Dept. of Water Resources dan.stanaway@idwr.idaho.gov x

Steppuhn, Harold Retired hsstepp@gmail.com Stevens, Brian Bureau of Reclamation bstevens@usbr.gov Stone, Rick RHS Consulting, Ltd. 4rstone@gmail.com x

Strobel, Michael USDA/NRCS/NWCC michael.strobel@por.usda.gov Sumargo, Edwin Scripps Institution of Oceanography esumargo@ucsd.edu Sweeney, James Weather Modification International jim@weathermod.com x

Sweeney, Pat Weather Modification International pat@weathermod.com x

Tappa, Danny NRCS danny.tappa@id.usda.gov x

Tessendorf, Sarah UCAR- Paid by Inger Barron saraht@ucar.edu x

Trauman, Todd Alpine Hydromet todd@alpinehydromet.com Tsang, Michael Hetch Hetchy Water and Power mtsang@sfwater.org Uhlmann, Zach Boise State University zachuhlmann@u.boisestate.edu Wagner, Shawn University of North Dakota shawn.wagner.atmos@gmail.com x

Waller, Bran Weather Modification International Bradley.waller@gmail.com x

Walter, James Salt River Project james.walter@srpnet.com x

Walters, Robert Idaho Power rwalters@idahopower.com x

Ward, Peter Hydrological Services America peter@hydrologicalusa.com Watson, Katelyn Boise State University katelynwatson@u.boisestate.edu Wayand, Nicholas University of Saskatchewan nic.wayand@usask.ca Webb, Ryan University of Colorado - Boulder ryan.w.webb@colorado.edu White, Vince Southern California Edison Vince.white@sce.com Womack, Gary Hydroinnova LLC gwomack@quaestainstruments.com Xue, Lulin UCAR- Paid by Inger Barron - x

Yorty, David No. Amer. Weather Consultants, Inc dyorty@nawcinc.com x

Yost, Charles High Sierra Electronics - OneRain aheggli@highsierraelectronics.com Zimmerman, Frank Jumara Air Service jul.faerber@googlemail.com x

Zirschky, Mark Pioneer Irrigation District mark@pioneerirrigation.com

Total Attendees – 176

Note: Weather Modification Association members denoted with an “x”

148