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Time markers

To begin a sentenceIn year In 1997/ JanuaryAt time 6 o'clockOn day Tuesday

Words for after the first sentence..... .minutes .... .Iater, Two days later

DaysYears

During the following three years, , .From the period to : ..From the period January to February.Markers which control tensesSince + time Since 1990, the price of petrol has increased to ,Recently Recently, the price of petrol has increased.Present perfect.

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Past simpleIn 1980, the price of petrol stood at 10Other time signals include: last year, last monthA fixed time period in the past: From 1995 to 2005 the price of petrol increasedsignificantly

FutureWill + base verbIs going to +base verbIs predicted to +base verbIs expected to + base verbIs forecast to +base verbIs estimated to +base verbExample: In 2009, the price of petrol is expected to rise considerably to 15 a litre.

Future perfectBy will+ have+ increased (Pp) to .Example: By 2010 the price of oil will have increased considerably.

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Contrast language.

There is more than one answer for each sentence.

whereasin contrastalthough

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The provides data relating to the number of TV viewers and radiolisteners over a period of one day.As far as the first seven hours are , at 6.00, nearly % of thepopulation w~re listening to the radio, only afew people werewatching TV. By just after eight o'clock, the radio audience .peaked, with just over 25% of British people tuning in, , thenumber of TV-viewers was climbing gradually. Two hours , thisincrease levelled off at 5% for a short time then continued to rise. n.............. , the quantity of radio-listeners declined steadily until lunchtime,at which time there were as many viewers as listeners (just under ..... %).With to the rest of the day, the size of the radio and TV audiences.............. considerably in the former decreased steadily until theend of the day, whereas the .., grew. Having reached a peak in theevening when nearly half of the British population were watching, the TVaudience figures then gradually to finish up only slightly higherthan the figure for radio-listeners during the early hours.Overall, Itcan be seen that more people watched TV than listened to theradio, particularly during the evening, over the period, .

in question concernedlatterdiminished

LINE G.

CONCERNED 10

DIMINICHED

IN CONTRAST

LATER

20

RESPECT

DIFFERED THAT

IN QUESTION

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fiI \ w _ ~ \ \The Iiue graph belQ)~'shows changes in the amount mul t;pc of rust Iuod e()lISU rued hy Australianteenagers, 1 1 111 1975 to 2000 Describe the inlormatton shown in the graph

\ \ \

\Consumption of Fas t Food by Australian

Teenagers12 ~ ~~ \

~ 1~O~ ~o~ ~oE IE 4 0i\20:JZ

.........................:.:::.::.........7~~~. I_____~ . . I \ . ~ - . - - - - - - - - - - _ / . . : -..................,/= : ,/ > < :

_ / ../: _ .. _ .. ~ ..~.... .. .

-ll-Fl~h & Chips ~-e- HamBurgers---:>ir- P Iz2.a

975 98 985 99 995 2OT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

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The line graph shows figures concerning fast food consumption .

......... .: ..... the first period, in 1975 the typical young person in Australiaate fish and chips about 100 times per year, whereas the least popu1ar foodwas hamburgers which were only eaten about 5 times per year and thenumber of teenagers consuming pizza was only marginally higher .

.... the next ten years, the number of times adolescents ate bamburgersrose four-fold, , the consumption of pizza increased dramaticallyand in 1985 they were eaten 30 and 80 times However, thenumber offish and chip meals taken fell slightly, rose again and after 1985,began a steady decline.As the fifteen years, Pizza consumption continued to goup and reached of 105 meals per year in 2000. On the other hand,after rising still further, the popularity of hamburgers levelled off after 1995and remained stable at approximately 82 burgers per year until the end ofthe period. Fish and chips, once the most consumed fast food, became the............ favoured and finished with only servings.Generally, the main feature is that the amount of pizza and hamburgerseaten , an upward trend, the quantity of fish and chipsconsumed .

Regarding similarlyhad a peak: whereasdeclined regards During

REGARDING

DURING

REGARDS NEXT

LEAST A PEAK

HAD WHEREAS

DECLINED.

SIMILARLY

40

RESPECTIVELY

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