WRITING LESSON PLANSWRITING LESSON PLANSFOR BUSINESS FOR BUSINESS

EDUCATIONEDUCATION

PRESENTED BY:PRESENTED BY:Paulann DunkleyPaulann Dunkley

September 2011September 2011

ObjectivesObjectives• At the end of the module, participants should be

able to:– Define what is an instructional objective– Differentiate between a general and specific

objective– Construct general objectives– Construct specific objectives – Prepare lesson plan using given template– Select appropriate verb when constructing

objectives

Writing Instructional ObjectivesWriting Instructional Objectives

Definition –

An instructional objective is an intent communicated by a

statement which describes a proposed change in your

students’ behaviour.

Writing Instructional ObjectivesWriting Instructional Objectives

• Measurement is an integral part of education

• Meaningful assessment is inconceivable with out aims and objectives with which to measure achievements against.

Writing Instructional ObjectivesWriting Instructional Objectives

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

GENERAL OBJECTIVES

AIMS

GOAL

GOALS & AIMSGOALS & AIMS

• Goals–Long-term aim one works towards

• Aims –Something one works towards but is

nearer to the present than a goal. –Short-term goal

General ObjectivesGeneral Objectives

• General Objectives–Nearer to present than goal or aim–An expression of learning outcomes to be

attained after a sequence of teaching–Recognizable by words which are too

vague to be measured directly–Examples: know, understand, appreciate,

etc

Group ActivityGroup Activity• In assigned groups, write a general

objective for the following:–Customer Service

• Managing Challenging Customers

–Accounting• Petty Cash

–Human Resource Management• Interviewing Techniques

Flipchart Activity

Specific ObjectivesSpecific Objectives

• Specific Objectives:–Refer to the specific behaviours which

taken together, add up to the general objective.

–Recognized by directly measurable terms

–Examples: define, demonstrate, solve, list etc

Instructional ObjectivesInstructional Objectives

• It is a statement of what your students will be able to do or how they will behave after they have successfully completed the learning experiences.

Instructional ObjectivesInstructional Objectives

• It is a description of a pattern of behaviour (performance) which your students will demonstrate.

Instructional ObjectivesInstructional Objectives

• When you write instructional objectives they must denote attributes which are both measurable and observable.

• Your tests and examinations must serve to measure your students’ performance in terms of the stated instructional objectives!

Instructional ObjectivesInstructional Objectives

• Provide the means for your students to evaluate their progress along the route of instruction

• Organise students efforts into relevant activities which will guide them to achieve the desired objectives

Characteristics of Instructional Characteristics of Instructional ObjectivesObjectives

Objectives should be stated in terms of your students’ behaviour and not in terms of learning activities or your purpose

• Objectives should begin with an active verb which indicates the behaviour which your students should demonstrate at the end of the period of instruction

Characteristics of Instructional Characteristics of Instructional ObjectivesObjectives

• Objectives should be stated– in terms of observable changes in your

students’ behaviour

– precisely by using terms which have uniform meaning to everyone.

Characteristics of Instructional Characteristics of Instructional ObjectivesObjectives

• Objectives should be unitary– each statement must relate to one

process only.

• Objectives should be stated at an appropriate level of generality.

Characteristics of Instructional Characteristics of Instructional ObjectivesObjectives

• Objectives should:– represent intended direct outcomes of a

planned series of learning experiences

– be realistic in terms of the time available for teaching and the characteristics of your students.

Criteria for writing Instructional Criteria for writing Instructional ObjectivesObjectives

• Performance.

• Condition(s).

• Standard(s).

Techniques for writing Instructional Techniques for writing Instructional ObjectivesObjectives

Performance• First, state the terminal behaviour by

name–specify the exact behaviour which you

will accept as evidence that your students have achieved the objective(s) of the lesson.

• Also called behavioural objectives• Focus & direct learning• Are expressed in terms of what students

will do at end of learning process

Techniques for writing Instructional Techniques for writing Instructional ObjectivesObjectives

• It communicates to student the precise performance expected

• Directs teacher’s efforts in planning learning experiences to enable student to meet the objective

• They may be exit objectives– Met at end of unit, course, programme

• They may be enabling objectives– Critical to success on the exit performance

objective

Techniques for writing Instructional Techniques for writing Instructional ObjectivesObjectives

Condition(s)Secondly, state the desired behaviour further by

describing the conditions under which you expect the behaviour to occur

–What will you allow your students to use?

–Will they work individually or in groups?

Techniques for writing Instructional Techniques for writing Instructional ObjectivesObjectives

Standard(s) • Third, specify the criteria of acceptable

performance by describing how well your students must perform in order for you to evaluate that the performance is acceptable.

Group ActivityGroup Activity• In assigned groups develop at least

three (3) instructional objectives for the following: –Customer Service

• Managing Challenging Customers

–Accounting• Petty Cash

–Human Resource Management• Interviewing Techniques

Flipchart Activity