Write Up of Fuel Cell Practical

Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment

Department of Chemical Engineering

Chemical Engineering Laboratory II

CHE3049W

PRACTICAL:2

Name Arlette Giron

Group No.C2

Practical No. 2

Date Completed17/03/2011

Date Handed-In 04/04/2011

DECLARATION

1. I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and to pretend that it is ones own.

2. I have used the prescribed referencing system for citation and referencing. Each significant contribution to, and quotation in, this report from the work, or works, of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced.

3. This report is my own work.4. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of

passing it off as his or her own work.

SignatureA Giron

1

Synopsis

In this report it shall be shown that the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell can be determined by performing chemical engineering concepts, mainly mass and energy balances around parts of the system in consideration, in the meanwhile demonstrating that an understanding of the hydrogen fuel cell has been grasped effectively. The main concern of this report is to obtain the rate law of the fuel cell through the derivation of the Butler-Vollmer equation hence obtaining theoretical values of the electrode current which will be use to plot polarization curves and hence determine whether the fuel cell is functioning efficiently.

2

1 ContentsSynopsis………………………………………………………………………………………………………pg. 2List of figures……………………………………………………………………………………………...pg.3List of tables……………………………………………………………………………………………….pg.4Nomenclature…………………………………………………………………………………………….pg.4Glossary………………………………………………………………………………………………………pg.42 Introduction

2.1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………...pg.52.2. Background of subject………………………………………………………………………….pg.52.3. Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………………….pg.5

3 Literature Review3.1. Background on fuel cell electrochemistry……………………………………………..pg.53.2. Derivation of Butler-Vollmer equation………………………………………………….pg.53.3. Application of Butler-Vollmer equation to Hydrogen fuel cell………………..pg.7

4 Experimental plans4.1. Apparatus……………………………………………………………………………………………..pg.84.2. Experimental set-up…………………………………………………………………………..….pg.84.3. Procedure………………………………………………………………………………………………pg.8

5 Process Flow Diagram of Hydrogen fuel cell5.1. PFD …………………………………………………………………………………………………….….pg.95.2. Reactions in the PEMFC…………………………………………………………………………..pg.9

6 Mass balances around fuel stack……………………………………………………………………..……….pg.107 Energy balances surrounding cooling system……………………………………………………………pg.118 Polarization Curves…………………………………………………………………………………………………..pg.159 Results analysis and error considerations…………………………………………………………………pg.1610 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...pg.1711 Recommendations………………………………………………………………………………………………….pg.1712 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….pg.1813 Appendix………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..pg.1913.1.Raw data for Mass Balances13.2. Raw data for Energy Balances13.3. Raw data for Rate law13.4. Mass balance calculations13.5. Energy balance calculations13.6. Rate law calculations

3

List of FiguresFig.1. ApparatusFig.2. Experimental SetupFig.3. PFD of processFig.4. Reactions in PEMFCFig.5. Graph of comparison of hydrogen consumtion at 5AFig.6. Graph of comparison of hydrogen consumtion at 10AFig.7. Graph of comparison of hydrogen consumtion at 15AFig.8. Graph of comparison of hydrogen consumtion at 19AFig.9. Energy bar graphs with 5% amount error bars at 5AFig.10. Energy bar graphs with 5% amount error bars at 10AFig.11 . Energy bar graphs with 5% amount error bars at 15AFig .12. Energy bar graphs with 5% amount error bars at 19AFig.13. Plot of Overpotential vs Current densityFig.14. Polarization curves

List of TablesTable 1. Average values of hydrogen consumptionTable.2. Regression constants of Polarization Curves

Nomenclaturejf :forward reactionjb: backward reactionkf: forward reaction rate coefficientCox:surface concentration of reacting specieskb: backward reaction rate coefficient CRd:surface concentration of reacting specieskB: Boltzmann’s constanth: Planck’s constantα: transfer coefficientF: Faraday’s constantE: the potentialn: number of electrons transferredv: stoichiometric number defined as the number of times rate-determining reaction step must occur for the overall reaction to occur onceEr: reversible equilibrium potential

GlossaryPEMFC :Proton exchange membrane fuel cellCurrent density : current (of electrons or ions) per unit area of surface (Barbir, 2005) Exchange current density : rate at which electrons are released or consumed in a cell. It is a measurement of the electrode’s inclination to proceed with the chemical reaction (Barbir, 2005) Overpotential : difference between the electrode potential and the reversible potential that is required to generate current (Barbir, 2005) Experimental values :Data that has been obtained directly from the programTheoretical values: Values that have been calculated using data obtained from program

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2 Introduction

2.1. Introduction

Before anything else, it is important to give insight on what exactly shall be dealt with in this practical report. Until now the objective of the practical has been clearly stated without a proper explanation on what exactly a hydrogen fuel cell is and for what purpose it exists, hence the significance of chapter 2.

2.2. Background of subject

With the ever increasing need to produce methods that enable us to obtain more environmentally friendly sources of electrical energy,A PEM hydrogen fuel cell is an electrochemical energy converter, which is a device that converts chemical energy of fuel, in this case hydrogen, directly in to electrical energy, by obeying thermodynamic laws (Barbir, 2005).

2.3. Objectives

The main objective of this practical is to determine if the fuel cell is working properly by means of an energy balance, a mass balance and a rate law calculation to determine if the experimental values of the current density coincide with the theoretical values.

3 Literature Review

3.1. Background on fuel cell electrochemistry

From section 2 of this report it was stated that there were mainly two reactions happening in the interface between the ionically conductive electrolyte and electrically conductive electrode, mainly:Anode :H22H+ +2e-

Cathode : ½ O2 +2H+ +2e-H2O

The rate of an electrochemical reaction is determined by an activation energy barrier that the charge must overcome in moving from one electrolyte to a solid electrode or vice versa. The speed at which an electrochemical reaction proceeds on the electrode surface is the rate at which electrons are released or “consumed,” which is the electrical current (Barbir, 2005).

3.2. Derivation of Butler-Volmer equation

The forward and backward reactions are described by the following equations:

(forward reaction) ………………………………………………….equation 1

(backward reaction)……………………………………………..equation 2

Since both of these equations either release or consume electrons they can be represented by a net current expression:

5

………………………………………………………………..equation 3

From the transition state theory, it was shown that the reaction rate coefficient for an electrochemical reaction is a function of the Gibbs free energy:

…………………………………………….equation 4

The Gibbs free energy for electrochemical reactions was then considered to consist of both the chemical and electrical components of the reaction. Hence

……………………………………………………………………………..equation 5for the reduction reaction and

…………………………………………………………………………..equation 6

for the oxidation reaction

(the subscript “ch” denotes the chemical component of the Gibbs free energy)Taking into account that in reality there are actually more than two reaction occurring in our system, rather than the two main ones described above, it is easier to use an experimental parameter, α (the transfer coefficient) to represent the slowest step which is in most cases the rate determining step in chemical equilibrium situations.Hence:

…………………………………………………………………………equation 7therefore the forward and backward reaction rates are represented by

……………………………………………………………..………………………….equation 8

……………………………………………………………………………….………..equation 9

Finally by introducing equations 8 and 9 into equation 3 we arrive at the new current density equation:

……………………………………..equation 10

The rate at which the reactions proceed at equilibrium is called the exchange current density:

…………………………………..equation 11

By combining equations 8 and 9 we arrive at the Butler-Volmer equation

……………………………………….equation 12

6

3.3. Application of Butler-Volmer equation to hydrogen fuel cell

The main purpose of this practical is to determine the efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell by applying the Butler-Volmer equation. To be able to apply the equation we must have all the values of the terms stated in the equation. Most of the terms are constants, such as the Faraday´s constant, etc, the αox is available in literature as it is a value that doesn´t vary significantly.As for the αRd value, it will have to be determined by the linearization of the Butler-Volmer equation.First of all, it must be taken into account that the reduction reaction is the slowest reaction; hence it is the rate determining step and that a value of 0,5 is given to anode transfer coefficient (Barbir,2005), hence eliminating the oxidation reaction in the Butler-Volmer equation and reducing it to the following equation:

……………………………………………………..equation 13

Obs: For the purpose of calculation facilitation the E-Er have been changed to Er-E leading to:

………………………………………………….equation 14

(by mathematical laws will lead to the same answers).

Then by application of basic mathematical manipulation of terms in equation and substitution of Er-E by ∆V, ∆V is then made the subject of the formula:

…………………………………………………………………………..equation 15

This equation will is then rearranged to :

in which A is the term, and when plotted and the gradient will be the value of A which will be used to solve for the αRd value and the y intercept will be the -Alnio and then we shall solve for the io value.Once the αRd value and io values have been determined they will placed back into the reduced Butler-Volmer equation and the current density values calculated to form polarization curves and compare the theoretical and experimental values of the current density.

7

4 Experimental Plans

4.1. Apparatus

Fig.1. Apparatus

4.2. Experimental Setup

Most of the work was dependent on the software of the HP600.

Fig.2. Experimental Setup

4.3. Experimental ProcedureThe practical consisted of taking data for three purposes:

-To obtain to obtain the rate law for the fuel cell-To be able to perform a mass balance over the fuel stack-To be able to perform an energy balance over the cooling system

Mass and Energy Balances

1. Load was switched on and set to 5A. 2. The system was allowed to reach a steady temperature (between 30-33oC). 3. Data was recorded on the computer for 60-90 seconds. 4. Following 90 seconds, recording was stopped and the data and saved. 5. Steps 2-4 were repeated for different load settings of 10A, 15A and 19A.

Rate Law

8

1. The system was allowed to reach a steady temperature (between 30-33oC). 2. Load set to 0.2A. 3. Data recording started. 4. After fifteen seconds load increased by an increment of 0.2A and allowed to run for fifteen seconds. 5. Repeat step 4 until 2A. 6. Increased the increment to 0.3A every fifteen seconds from 2A until 3.8A. 7. Increased the increment to 0.4A every fifteen seconds from 3.8A until 5A. 8. Increased the increment to 1A every fifteen seconds from 5A to 10A. 9. Lastly, increased the increment to 2A every fifteen seconds from 10A to 19A

5 Process Flow Diagram of Hydrogen fuel cell

5.1. PFD

Fig.3.PFD of process5.2. Reactions in the PEMFC

Fig.4. Reactions in PEMFC

In the diagram above the process happening inside the fuel cell is demonstrated by a small illustration. Where the hydrogen enters the anode side of the cell, is reduced and reacts with

9

H2H2

H2H2

H2H2

H2H2

H2H2

O2O2

O2O2

H+H+

e-e- e-e-

AnodeAnodeElectrolyteElectrolyte

CathodeCathode

O2O2

H2OH2OH2OH2O

O2O2

H+H+

H+H+

H+H+H2H2

H2H2

H2H2

H2H2

H2OH2O

the oxygen in the cathode side producing an electric current in such a process (exemplified by the light bulb), with water as a byproduct.

6 Mass Balance around Fuel Stack

A mass balance was performed around the fuel cell stack in order to compare the values of theoretical hydrogen consumed and experimental hydrogen consumed.The table below shows the average values obtained at 4 different current values.

Table 1. Average values of hydrogen consumptionCurrent Load (A) Experimental

Consumption (l/min)TheoreticalConsumption (l/min)

Error (%)

5 1,44 1,09 24,310 2,30 1,83 20,415 2,53 2,90 12,819 4,17 3,47 16,8

The graphs below are a comparison of the theoretical and experimental consumptions at the different currents.

Fig.5. Graph of comparison of hydrogen consumtion at 5A


10



7 Energy Balances around Cooling System

In this section the results of the energy balance done around the cooling system will be presented with energy bar graphs comparing the experimental and the theoretical cooling duty.

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Fig.9. Energy bar graphs with 5% amount error bars at 5A

Residual Plot of 5A Energy Bar Graph

12

Fig.10. Energy bar graphs with 5% amount error bars at 10A

Residual Plot of 10A Energy Bar graph

Fig.11 . Energy bar graphs with 5% amount error bars at 15A

13


Fig .12. Energy bar graphs with 5% amount error bars at 19A


14

8 Polarization Curves

This section is dedicated to the results obtained by using the reduced rate law to obtain the αRd

and io values from the following plot:

Fig.13. Plot of Overpotential vs Current density

As stated before the reduction transfer coefficient value (αRd) was obtained by using the value of the slope of the best fit line and the io values by using the value of the y intercept. Once the values were obtained they were plugged back into the reduced Butler Volmer equation:

…………..…………………………………..…..equation 13

And the following polarization curves were plotted to compare the values of experimental and theoretical current:

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Fig.14. Polarization curvesTable.2. Regression constants of Polarization Curves

Coefficients Standard Error Lower 95% Upper 95%

Intercept 0,320374 0,00136 0,317703 0,323044

X Variable 1 0,106078 0,000659 0,104784 0,107373

Residual Plot

9 Results analysis and error considerations

9.1. Mass Balances

It is evident from the data collected and the mass balance done that there are some discrepancies in the comparison between the experimental and the theoretical amount of hydrogen consumed. Those discrepancies are uniform throughout all of the mass balance calculations and can be justified by the fact that the mass balance did not account for the excess hydrogen being purged out of the system into the atmosphere. Also the mass balances show an increase of hydrogen consumption every time the current output was increased, this is only logical as the more current needed the higher the hydrogen consumption.

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9.2. Energy Balances

The energy balances also show some discrepancies, the highest being at 15A. It must taken into account that in our calculations the cooling done by the cooling fan isn’t taken into account. That should account therefore for the differences between the experimental and the theoretical values of the cooling duty, though from the relatively low errors in the values it is visible that the cooling duty done by the cooling fan in much lower than that of the water cooling system.

9.3. Polarization Curves

The polarization curves show that theoretical and experimental current density values do not differ very much from one another and also that the cathode rate law is predominant as plotting the current density values obtained from a reduced Butler-Volmer equation is enough to obtain a relatively accurate polarization curve.

10 Conclusions

From the energy balances, mass balances and polarization it has been concluded the fuel cell is functioning properly. Though there are minor discrepancies, such discrepancies have been accounted for.Therefore the overall Botler-Volmer equation for the fuel cell is:

…………………………equation 1611 Recommendations

The objectives with just one test run have been accomplished but to confirm these results it would be advisable to repeat the experiment at least twice more to minimize errors.Also, it is essential that in every experiment a steady state temperature is achieved before recording any data.

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12 Bibliography

-Barbir, F., 2005, PEM Fuel Cells, 1st ed. Elseview Academic Press, San Diego, pp 17–25, pp33 –38.

- Miansari, Me., Sedighi, K., Amidpour, M., Alizadeh, E., & Miansari, Mo., 2009, Experimental and thermodynamic approach on proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance, Journal of Power Sources, 190(2), 356-361.

- Song, C., Tang, Y., Lu, J., Zhang, J., Wang, H., and Shen, J., 2007, PEM fuel cell reaction kinetics in the temperature range of 23–120 ◦C, High Temperature, 52, 2552-2561.

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13 Appendix

13.1 Raw data for Mass BalancesRaw data for 5A

Current (A)

Charge ( c)

Number of electrons

Number of mols

Number of hydrogen mols

Hydrogen flowrate (mol/s)

Volumetric flowrate (l/s)

Volumetric flow rate (l/min)

Hydrogen consumption (l/min)

7,607,60E+00 4,74E+19

7,88E-05 3,94E-05 3,94E-05 9,90E-04 1,43 1,08

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,09

7,407,40E+00 4,62E+19

7,67E-05 3,83E-05 3,83E-05 9,64E-04 1,39 1,07

7,707,70E+00 4,81E+19

7,98E-05 3,99E-05 3,99E-05 1,00E-03 1,44 1,07

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,07

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,08

7,707,70E+00 4,81E+19

7,98E-05 3,99E-05 3,99E-05 1,00E-03 1,44 1,09

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,08

7,707,70E+00 4,81E+19

7,98E-05 3,99E-05 3,99E-05 1,00E-03 1,44 1,09

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,09

7,317,31E+00 4,56E+19

7,57E-05 3,79E-05 3,79E-05 9,52E-04 1,37 1,08

7,607,60E+00 4,74E+19

7,88E-05 3,94E-05 3,94E-05 9,90E-04 1,43 1,07

7,997,99E+00 4,99E+19

8,28E-05 4,14E-05 4,14E-05 1,04E-03 1,50 1,07

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,09

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,09

7,317,31E+00 4,56E+19

7,57E-05 3,79E-05 3,79E-05 9,52E-04 1,37 1,09

7,707,70E+00 4,81E+19

7,98E-05 3,99E-05 3,99E-05 1,00E-03 1,44 1,07

7,407,40E+00 4,62E+19

7,67E-05 3,83E-05 3,83E-05 9,64E-04 1,39 1,07

7,707,70E+00 4,81E+19

7,98E-05 3,99E-05 3,99E-05 1,00E-03 1,44 1,08

7,89 7,89 4,93E+19 8,18E- 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,0819

E+00 05

7,407,40E+00 4,62E+19

7,67E-05 3,83E-05 3,83E-05 9,64E-04 1,39 1,07

7,607,60E+00 4,74E+19

7,88E-05 3,94E-05 3,94E-05 9,90E-04 1,43 1,06

7,507,50E+00 4,68E+19

7,77E-05 3,89E-05 3,89E-05 9,77E-04 1,41 1,07

7,707,70E+00 4,81E+19

7,98E-05 3,99E-05 3,99E-05 1,00E-03 1,44 1,07

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,08

7,407,40E+00 4,62E+19

7,67E-05 3,83E-05 3,83E-05 9,64E-04 1,39 1,09

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,07

7,407,40E+00 4,62E+19

7,67E-05 3,83E-05 3,83E-05 9,64E-04 1,39 1,09

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,07

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,08

7,507,50E+00 4,68E+19

7,77E-05 3,89E-05 3,89E-05 9,77E-04 1,41 1,09

7,507,50E+00 4,68E+19

7,77E-05 3,89E-05 3,89E-05 9,77E-04 1,41 1,08

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,08

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,07

7,317,31E+00 4,56E+19

7,57E-05 3,79E-05 3,79E-05 9,52E-04 1,37 1,10

7,707,70E+00 4,81E+19

7,98E-05 3,99E-05 3,99E-05 1,00E-03 1,44 1,10

7,997,99E+00 4,99E+19

8,28E-05 4,14E-05 4,14E-05 1,04E-03 1,50 1,08

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,09

7,707,70E+00 4,81E+19

7,98E-05 3,99E-05 3,99E-05 1,00E-03 1,44 1,09

7,407,40E+00 4,62E+19

7,67E-05 3,83E-05 3,83E-05 9,64E-04 1,39 1,09

7,707,70E+00 4,81E+19

7,98E-05 3,99E-05 3,99E-05 1,00E-03 1,44 1,08

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,09

7,507,50E+00 4,68E+19

7,77E-05 3,89E-05 3,89E-05 9,77E-04 1,41 1,09

7,507,50E+00 4,68E+19

7,77E-05 3,89E-05 3,89E-05 9,77E-04 1,41 1,06

20

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,10

7,607,60E+00 4,74E+19

7,88E-05 3,94E-05 3,94E-05 9,90E-04 1,43 1,09

7,407,40E+00 4,62E+19

7,67E-05 3,83E-05 3,83E-05 9,64E-04 1,39 1,07

7,707,70E+00 4,81E+19

7,98E-05 3,99E-05 3,99E-05 1,00E-03 1,44 1,08

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,08

7,507,50E+00 4,68E+19

7,77E-05 3,89E-05 3,89E-05 9,77E-04 1,41 1,09

7,407,40E+00 4,62E+19

7,67E-05 3,83E-05 3,83E-05 9,64E-04 1,39 1,07

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,08

7,707,70E+00 4,81E+19

7,98E-05 3,99E-05 3,99E-05 1,00E-03 1,44 1,08

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,08

7,407,40E+00 4,62E+19

7,67E-05 3,83E-05 3,83E-05 9,64E-04 1,39 1,08

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,08

7,317,31E+00 4,56E+19

7,57E-05 3,79E-05 3,79E-05 9,52E-04 1,37 1,07

7,707,70E+00 4,81E+19

7,98E-05 3,99E-05 3,99E-05 1,00E-03 1,44 1,08

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,07

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,09

7,407,40E+00 4,62E+19

7,67E-05 3,83E-05 3,83E-05 9,64E-04 1,39 1,07

7,707,70E+00 4,81E+19

7,98E-05 3,99E-05 3,99E-05 1,00E-03 1,44 1,05

7,997,99E+00 4,99E+19

8,28E-05 4,14E-05 4,14E-05 1,04E-03 1,50 1,06

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,07

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,08

7,317,31E+00 4,56E+19

7,57E-05 3,79E-05 3,79E-05 9,52E-04 1,37 1,07

7,707,70E+00 4,81E+19

7,98E-05 3,99E-05 3,99E-05 1,00E-03 1,44 1,07

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,08

8,09 8,09 5,05E+19 8,38E- 4,19E-05 4,19E-05 1,05E-03 1,52 1,08

21

E+00 05

8,288,28E+00 5,17E+19

8,58E-05 4,29E-05 4,29E-05 1,08E-03 1,55 1,09

7,997,99E+00 4,99E+19

8,28E-05 4,14E-05 4,14E-05 1,04E-03 1,50 1,09

8,198,19E+00 5,11E+19

8,49E-05 4,24E-05 4,24E-05 1,07E-03 1,54 1,10

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,10

7,607,60E+00 4,74E+19

7,88E-05 3,94E-05 3,94E-05 9,90E-04 1,43 1,10

7,507,50E+00 4,68E+19

7,77E-05 3,89E-05 3,89E-05 9,77E-04 1,41 1,10

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,10

7,317,31E+00 4,56E+19

7,57E-05 3,79E-05 3,79E-05 9,52E-04 1,37 1,09

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,09

7,407,40E+00 4,62E+19

7,67E-05 3,83E-05 3,83E-05 9,64E-04 1,39 1,09

7,707,70E+00 4,81E+19

7,98E-05 3,99E-05 3,99E-05 1,00E-03 1,44 1,10

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,09

7,407,40E+00 4,62E+19

7,67E-05 3,83E-05 3,83E-05 9,64E-04 1,39 1,09

7,607,60E+00 4,74E+19

7,88E-05 3,94E-05 3,94E-05 9,90E-04 1,43 1,07

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,08

7,607,60E+00 4,74E+19

7,88E-05 3,94E-05 3,94E-05 9,90E-04 1,43 1,07

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,07

7,407,40E+00 4,62E+19

7,67E-05 3,83E-05 3,83E-05 9,64E-04 1,39 1,09

7,507,50E+00 4,68E+19

7,77E-05 3,89E-05 3,89E-05 9,77E-04 1,41 1,09

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,09

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,09

7,707,70E+00 4,81E+19

7,98E-05 3,99E-05 3,99E-05 1,00E-03 1,44 1,07

7,607,60E+00 4,74E+19

7,88E-05 3,94E-05 3,94E-05 9,90E-04 1,43 1,07

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,09

22

7,707,70E+00 4,81E+19

7,98E-05 3,99E-05 3,99E-05 1,00E-03 1,44 1,08

7,317,31E+00 4,56E+19

7,57E-05 3,79E-05 3,79E-05 9,52E-04 1,37 1,09

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,07

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,09

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,06

7,607,60E+00 4,74E+19

7,88E-05 3,94E-05 3,94E-05 9,90E-04 1,43 1,07

7,997,99E+00 4,99E+19

8,28E-05 4,14E-05 4,14E-05 1,04E-03 1,50 1,07

7,607,60E+00 4,74E+19

7,88E-05 3,94E-05 3,94E-05 9,90E-04 1,43 1,06

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,07

7,317,31E+00 4,56E+19

7,57E-05 3,79E-05 3,79E-05 9,52E-04 1,37 1,08

7,607,60E+00 4,74E+19

7,88E-05 3,94E-05 3,94E-05 9,90E-04 1,43 1,07

7,897,89E+00 4,93E+19

8,18E-05 4,09E-05 4,09E-05 1,03E-03 1,48 1,09

7,707,70E+00 4,81E+19

7,98E-05 3,99E-05 3,99E-05 1,00E-03 1,44 1,07

8,098,09E+00 5,05E+19

8,38E-05 4,19E-05 4,19E-05 1,05E-03 1,52 1,07

7,407,40E+00 4,62E+19

7,67E-05 3,83E-05 3,83E-05 9,64E-04 1,39 1,08

7,607,60E+00 4,74E+19

7,88E-05 3,94E-05 3,94E-05 9,90E-04 1,43 1,06

7,407,40E+00 4,62E+19

7,67E-05 3,83E-05 3,83E-05 9,64E-04 1,39 1,07

7,807,80E+00 4,87E+19

8,08E-05 4,04E-05 4,04E-05 1,02E-03 1,46 1,07

Raw data for 10A

Current (A)

Charge ( c)

Number of electrons

Number of mols





Hydrogen consumption [l/min]

13,07

1,31E+01 8,16E+19

1,35E-04 6,77E-05 6,77E-05 1,70E-03 2,45E+00 2,00

13,56

1,36E+01 8,46E+19

1,41E-04 7,03E-05 7,03E-05 1,77E-03 2,54E+00 2,00

23

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 1,99

13,07

1,31E+01 8,16E+19

1,35E-04 6,77E-05 6,77E-05 1,70E-03 2,45E+00 2,00

13,26

1,33E+01 8,28E+19

1,37E-04 6,87E-05 6,87E-05 1,73E-03 2,49E+00 2,00

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,00

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 1,98

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,00

13,07

1,31E+01 8,16E+19

1,35E-04 6,77E-05 6,77E-05 1,70E-03 2,45E+00 2,00

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,00

13,26

1,33E+01 8,28E+19

1,37E-04 6,87E-05 6,87E-05 1,73E-03 2,49E+00 1,98

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,00

13,07

1,31E+01 8,16E+19

1,35E-04 6,77E-05 6,77E-05 1,70E-03 2,45E+00 2,00

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,00

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 1,99

12,97

1,30E+01 8,10E+19

1,34E-04 6,72E-05 6,72E-05 1,69E-03 2,43E+00 2,00

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,00

13,56

1,36E+01 8,46E+19

1,41E-04 7,03E-05 7,03E-05 1,77E-03 2,54E+00 1,98

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 1,98

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,00

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,00

13,07

1,31E+01 8,16E+19

1,35E-04 6,77E-05 6,77E-05 1,70E-03 2,45E+00 2,00

13,07

1,31E+01 8,16E+19

1,35E-04 6,77E-05 6,77E-05 1,70E-03 2,45E+00 2,00

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,00

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,01

13,17

1,32E+01 8,22E+19

1,36E-04 6,82E-05 6,82E-05 1,72E-03 2,47E+00 2,00

13,0 1,31 8,16E+19 1,35E- 6,77E-05 6,77E-05 1,70E-03 2,45E+00 1,99

24

7 E+01 0413,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 1,99

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,00

13,56

1,36E+01 8,46E+19

1,41E-04 7,03E-05 7,03E-05 1,77E-03 2,54E+00 2,01

13,26

1,33E+01 8,28E+19

1,37E-04 6,87E-05 6,87E-05 1,73E-03 2,49E+00 1,98

13,17

1,32E+01 8,22E+19

1,36E-04 6,82E-05 6,82E-05 1,72E-03 2,47E+00 2,00

13,07

1,31E+01 8,16E+19

1,35E-04 6,77E-05 6,77E-05 1,70E-03 2,45E+00 2,00

13,26

1,33E+01 8,28E+19

1,37E-04 6,87E-05 6,87E-05 1,73E-03 2,49E+00 2,00

13,56

1,36E+01 8,46E+19

1,41E-04 7,03E-05 7,03E-05 1,77E-03 2,54E+00 2,01

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,00

13,56

1,36E+01 8,46E+19

1,41E-04 7,03E-05 7,03E-05 1,77E-03 2,54E+00 2,00

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,00

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,00

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,00

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 1,99

13,17

1,32E+01 8,22E+19

1,36E-04 6,82E-05 6,82E-05 1,72E-03 2,47E+00 2,00

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,00

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,00

13,07

1,31E+01 8,16E+19

1,35E-04 6,77E-05 6,77E-05 1,70E-03 2,45E+00 2,00

13,07

1,31E+01 8,16E+19

1,35E-04 6,77E-05 6,77E-05 1,70E-03 2,45E+00 2,00

13,56

1,36E+01 8,46E+19

1,41E-04 7,03E-05 7,03E-05 1,77E-03 2,54E+00 2,02

13,26

1,33E+01 8,28E+19

1,37E-04 6,87E-05 6,87E-05 1,73E-03 2,49E+00 2,00

13,17

1,32E+01 8,22E+19

1,36E-04 6,82E-05 6,82E-05 1,72E-03 2,47E+00 2,00

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,00

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,00

25

13,07

1,31E+01 8,16E+19

1,35E-04 6,77E-05 6,77E-05 1,70E-03 2,45E+00 2,01

13,26

1,33E+01 8,28E+19

1,37E-04 6,87E-05 6,87E-05 1,73E-03 2,49E+00 2,01

13,17

1,32E+01 8,22E+19

1,36E-04 6,82E-05 6,82E-05 1,72E-03 2,47E+00 2,00

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,01

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,01

13,56

1,36E+01 8,46E+19

1,41E-04 7,03E-05 7,03E-05 1,77E-03 2,54E+00 2,00

13,26

1,33E+01 8,28E+19

1,37E-04 6,87E-05 6,87E-05 1,73E-03 2,49E+00 2,00

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,00

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,00

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,00

13,56

1,36E+01 8,46E+19

1,41E-04 7,03E-05 7,03E-05 1,77E-03 2,54E+00 2,00

13,56

1,36E+01 8,46E+19

1,41E-04 7,03E-05 7,03E-05 1,77E-03 2,54E+00 2,00

13,56

1,36E+01 8,46E+19

1,41E-04 7,03E-05 7,03E-05 1,77E-03 2,54E+00 2,00

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,01

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,01

13,26

1,33E+01 8,28E+19

1,37E-04 6,87E-05 6,87E-05 1,73E-03 2,49E+00 2,01

13,26

1,33E+01 8,28E+19

1,37E-04 6,87E-05 6,87E-05 1,73E-03 2,49E+00 2,00

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,00

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,00

13,07

1,31E+01 8,16E+19

1,35E-04 6,77E-05 6,77E-05 1,70E-03 2,45E+00 2,01

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,00

12,97

1,30E+01 8,10E+19

1,34E-04 6,72E-05 6,72E-05 1,69E-03 2,43E+00 2,00

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,00

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,00

13,0 1,31 8,16E+19 1,35E- 6,77E-05 6,77E-05 1,70E-03 2,45E+00 2,00

26

7 E+01 0413,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 1,99

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,00

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,00

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,00

13,17

1,32E+01 8,22E+19

1,36E-04 6,82E-05 6,82E-05 1,72E-03 2,47E+00 2,01

13,17

1,32E+01 8,22E+19

1,36E-04 6,82E-05 6,82E-05 1,72E-03 2,47E+00 2,01

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,00

13,26

1,33E+01 8,28E+19

1,37E-04 6,87E-05 6,87E-05 1,73E-03 2,49E+00 2,01

12,97

1,30E+01 8,10E+19

1,34E-04 6,72E-05 6,72E-05 1,69E-03 2,43E+00 2,00

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,00

13,26

1,33E+01 8,28E+19

1,37E-04 6,87E-05 6,87E-05 1,73E-03 2,49E+00 2,00

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,02

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,00

12,97

1,30E+01 8,10E+19

1,34E-04 6,72E-05 6,72E-05 1,69E-03 2,43E+00 2,00

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,01

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,01

13,07

1,31E+01 8,16E+19

1,35E-04 6,77E-05 6,77E-05 1,70E-03 2,45E+00 2,01

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,00

13,36

1,34E+01 8,34E+19

1,38E-04 6,92E-05 6,92E-05 1,74E-03 2,51E+00 2,00

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,01

13,46

1,35E+01 8,40E+19

1,39E-04 6,97E-05 6,97E-05 1,75E-03 2,53E+00 2,01

13,17

1,32E+01 8,22E+19

1,36E-04 6,82E-05 6,82E-05 1,72E-03 2,47E+00 2,01

13,26

1,33E+01 8,28E+19

1,37E-04 6,87E-05 6,87E-05 1,73E-03 2,49E+00 2,01

Raw data for 15A

27

Current (A)

Charge ( c)

Number of electrons

Number of mols





Hydrogen consumption [l/min]

28

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,89

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,90

18,93

1,89E+01 1,18E+20

1,96E-04 9,81E-05 9,81E-05 2,47E-03 3,55E+00 2,89

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,89

18,64

1,86E+01 1,16E+20

1,93E-04 9,66E-05 9,66E-05 2,43E-03 3,50E+00 2,89

18,93

1,89E+01 1,18E+20

1,96E-04 9,81E-05 9,81E-05 2,47E-03 3,55E+00 2,90

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,90

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,90

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,91

18,93

1,89E+01 1,18E+20

1,96E-04 9,81E-05 9,81E-05 2,47E-03 3,55E+00 2,89

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,90

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,89

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,90

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,90

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,90

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,90

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,89

18,64

1,86E+01 1,16E+20

1,93E-04 9,66E-05 9,66E-05 2,43E-03 3,50E+00 2,91

18,93

1,89E+01 1,18E+20

1,96E-04 9,81E-05 9,81E-05 2,47E-03 3,55E+00 2,90

18,93

1,89E+01 1,18E+20

1,96E-04 9,81E-05 9,81E-05 2,47E-03 3,55E+00 2,90

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,89

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,90

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,92

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,90

18,7 1,87 1,17E+20 1,94E- 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,90

29

3 E+01 0418,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,89

18,93

1,89E+01 1,18E+20

1,96E-04 9,81E-05 9,81E-05 2,47E-03 3,55E+00 2,89

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,88

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,88

18,64

1,86E+01 1,16E+20

1,93E-04 9,66E-05 9,66E-05 2,43E-03 3,50E+00 2,90

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,90

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,90

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,89

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,90

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,90

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,90

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,89

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,89

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,89

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,90

18,64

1,86E+01 1,16E+20

1,93E-04 9,66E-05 9,66E-05 2,43E-03 3,50E+00 2,90

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,90

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,91

18,93

1,89E+01 1,18E+20

1,96E-04 9,81E-05 9,81E-05 2,47E-03 3,55E+00 2,90

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,89

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,89

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,91

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,89

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,92

30

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,90

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,91

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,92

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,90

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,90

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,90

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,92

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,90

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,89

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,92

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,89

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,91

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,90

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,90

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,89

18,73

1,87E+01 1,17E+20

1,94E-04 9,70E-05 9,70E-05 2,44E-03 3,51E+00 2,91

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,92

18,93

1,89E+01 1,18E+20

1,96E-04 9,81E-05 9,81E-05 2,47E-03 3,55E+00 2,91

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,91

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,91

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,90

18,83

1,88E+01 1,18E+20

1,95E-04 9,76E-05 9,76E-05 2,45E-03 3,53E+00 2,91

Raw data for 19A

Current

Charge

Number of

Number of

Number of hydrogen

Hydrogen flowrate

Volumetric flowrate

Volumetric flow rate

Hydrogen

31

(A) ( c) electrons mols mols (mol/s) (l/s) (l/min)

consumption [l/min]

21,96

21,96 1,37E+20

2,28E-04 1,14E-04 1,14E-04 2,86E-03 4,12E+00 3,43

21,96

21,96 1,37E+20

2,28E-04 1,14E-04 1,14E-04 2,86E-03 4,12E+00 3,43

22,05

22,05 1,38E+20

2,28E-04 1,14E-04 1,14E-04 2,87E-03 4,14E+00 3,43

21,96

21,96 1,37E+20

2,28E-04 1,14E-04 1,14E-04 2,86E-03 4,12E+00 3,44

21,96

21,96 1,37E+20

2,28E-04 1,14E-04 1,14E-04 2,86E-03 4,12E+00 3,44

21,96

21,96 1,37E+20

2,28E-04 1,14E-04 1,14E-04 2,86E-03 4,12E+00 3,46

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,45

22,05

22,05 1,38E+20

2,28E-04 1,14E-04 1,14E-04 2,87E-03 4,14E+00 3,44

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,46

22,05

22,05 1,38E+20

2,28E-04 1,14E-04 1,14E-04 2,87E-03 4,14E+00 3,44

22,05

22,05 1,38E+20

2,28E-04 1,14E-04 1,14E-04 2,87E-03 4,14E+00 3,46

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,45

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,46

22,05

22,05 1,38E+20

2,28E-04 1,14E-04 1,14E-04 2,87E-03 4,14E+00 3,45

21,96

21,96 1,37E+20

2,28E-04 1,14E-04 1,14E-04 2,86E-03 4,12E+00 3,45

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,47

22,05

22,05 1,38E+20

2,28E-04 1,14E-04 1,14E-04 2,87E-03 4,14E+00 3,45

22,05

22,05 1,38E+20

2,28E-04 1,14E-04 1,14E-04 2,87E-03 4,14E+00 3,45

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,45

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,45

22,05

22,05 1,38E+20

2,28E-04 1,14E-04 1,14E-04 2,87E-03 4,14E+00 3,46

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,44

32

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,45

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,47

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,47

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,47

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,47

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,47

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,47

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,47

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,47

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,47

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,46

22,05

22,05 1,38E+20

2,28E-04 1,14E-04 1,14E-04 2,87E-03 4,14E+00 3,47

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,47

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,45

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,47

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,47

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,46

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,47

22,15

22,15 1,38E+20

2,30E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,89E-03 4,16E+00 3,45

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,45

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,47

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,48

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,48

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,48

22,2 22,2 1,39E+20 2,31E- 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,48

33

5 5 0422,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,47

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,48

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,48

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,50

22,44

22,44 1,40E+20

2,33E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,92E-03 4,21E+00 3,49

22,44

22,44 1,40E+20

2,33E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,92E-03 4,21E+00 3,48

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,50

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,48

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,48

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,50

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,48

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,48

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,50

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,48

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,48

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,48

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,47

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,48

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,48

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,48

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,48

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,48

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,48

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,47

34

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,49

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,48

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,49

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,48

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,48

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,48

22,35

22,35 1,40E+20

2,32E-04 1,16E-04 1,16E-04 2,91E-03 4,19E+00 3,48

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,48

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,49

22,25

22,25 1,39E+20

2,31E-04 1,15E-04 1,15E-04 2,90E-03 4,17E+00 3,48

13.2. Energy Balance Raw dataRaw data for 5A

Time(s)

Cold water flow (l/min)

Cold water mass flowrate (kg/s)

Cold water temperature in (°C)

Cold water temperature out (°C)

Heat Generated (Kwatt)

Heat Quantity (theoretical) (W)

Heat quantity (experimental)(W)

1 1,09 1,80E-02 31,11 32,30 0,09 89,86 87,702 1,11 1,84E-02 31,05 32,30 0,10 96,12 87,903 1,12 1,85E-02 30,86 32,23 0,11 106,30 88,904 1,11 1,84E-02 30,99 32,30 0,10 100,73 89,305 1,11 1,84E-02 30,92 32,30 0,11 106,11 89,806 1,11 1,84E-02 30,92 32,23 0,10 100,73 90,207 1,08 1,79E-02 30,99 32,30 0,10 98,01 90,608 1,08 1,79E-02 30,92 32,23 0,10 98,01 90,409 1,08 1,79E-02 30,99 32,30 0,10 98,01 90,7010 1,08 1,79E-02 30,86 32,23 0,10 102,50 90,6011 1,11 1,84E-02 30,99 32,17 0,09 90,74 91,2012 1,08 1,79E-02 31,05 32,30 0,09 93,52 91,4013 1,11 1,84E-02 30,80 32,30 0,12 115,34 91,7014 1,12 1,85E-02 31,05 32,23 0,09 91,55 91,8015 1,11 1,84E-02 30,92 32,30 0,11 106,11 92,2016 1,12 1,85E-02 30,99 32,23 0,10 96,21 92,8017 1,11 1,84E-02 30,80 32,23 0,11 109,96 93,0018 1,12 1,85E-02 30,99 32,23 0,10 96,21 93,6019 1,11 1,84E-02 30,99 32,23 0,10 95,35 93,70

35

20 1,11 1,84E-02 30,92 32,23 0,10 100,73 93,8021 1,08 1,79E-02 30,99 32,17 0,09 88,28 93,8022 1,09 1,80E-02 30,99 32,17 0,09 89,10 94,0023 1,09 1,80E-02 30,99 32,23 0,09 93,63 94,0024 1,08 1,79E-02 30,92 32,23 0,10 98,01 94,3025 1,08 1,79E-02 30,86 32,23 0,10 102,50 94,2026 1,08 1,79E-02 31,05 32,11 0,08 79,31 93,9027 1,08 1,79E-02 30,73 32,23 0,11 112,22 94,2028 1,08 1,79E-02 30,99 32,17 0,09 88,28 94,3029 1,08 1,79E-02 30,92 32,23 0,10 98,01 94,4030 1,08 1,79E-02 30,80 32,30 0,11 112,22 94,6031 1,09 1,80E-02 30,86 32,17 0,10 98,92 94,5032 1,09 1,80E-02 30,92 32,17 0,09 94,39 94,6033 1,08 1,79E-02 30,80 32,17 0,10 102,50 94,6034 1,08 1,79E-02 30,73 32,17 0,11 107,74 94,9035 1,12 1,85E-02 30,92 32,17 0,10 96,98 95,4036 1,11 1,84E-02 30,86 32,17 0,10 100,73 95,7037 1,11 1,84E-02 30,80 32,23 0,11 109,96 95,9038 1,11 1,84E-02 30,92 32,23 0,10 100,73 96,3039 1,12 1,85E-02 30,80 32,23 0,11 110,95 96,5040 1,12 1,85E-02 30,86 32,17 0,10 101,64 96,8041 1,11 1,84E-02 30,92 32,17 0,10 96,12 97,0042 1,12 1,85E-02 30,73 32,17 0,11 111,73 97,2043 1,08 1,79E-02 30,86 32,17 0,10 98,01 97,0044 1,09 1,80E-02 30,92 32,17 0,09 94,39 97,0045 1,11 1,84E-02 30,80 32,17 0,11 105,35 97,3046 1,12 1,85E-02 30,73 32,11 0,11 107,07 97,7047 1,09 1,80E-02 30,86 32,11 0,09 94,39 97,8048 1,08 1,79E-02 30,86 32,17 0,10 98,01 97,7049 1,08 1,79E-02 30,80 32,17 0,10 102,50 97,4050 1,12 1,85E-02 30,80 32,11 0,10 101,64 97,6051 1,09 1,80E-02 30,80 32,11 0,10 98,92 98,0052 1,11 1,84E-02 30,80 32,23 0,11 109,96 98,1053 1,11 1,84E-02 30,86 32,11 0,10 96,12 98,1054 1,11 1,84E-02 30,73 32,17 0,11 110,73 97,9055 1,11 1,84E-02 30,86 32,11 0,10 96,12 98,1056 1,11 1,84E-02 30,80 32,04 0,10 95,35 98,4057 1,11 1,84E-02 30,80 32,11 0,10 100,73 98,9058 1,08 1,79E-02 30,80 32,17 0,10 102,50 99,1059 1,08 1,79E-02 30,73 32,17 0,11 107,74 99,0060 1,08 1,79E-02 30,67 32,04 0,10 102,50 99,0061 1,08 1,79E-02 30,80 32,11 0,10 98,01 98,8062 1,08 1,79E-02 30,80 32,11 0,10 98,01 98,7063 1,08 1,79E-02 30,67 32,11 0,11 107,74 98,9064 1,08 1,79E-02 30,80 32,11 0,10 98,01 98,90

36


37

110 1,08 1,79E-02 30,67 31,98 0,10 98,01 105,80111 1,08 1,79E-02 30,54 32,04 0,11 112,22 106,00112 1,08 1,79E-02 30,54 31,98 0,11 107,74 105,90113 1,08 1,79E-02 30,54 32,04 0,11 112,22 106,00114 1,09 1,80E-02 30,61 31,98 0,10 103,45 105,60115 1,08 1,79E-02 30,67 32,04 0,10 102,50 105,50116 1,08 1,79E-02 30,48 31,98 0,11 112,22 105,70117 1,08 1,79E-02 30,61 32,04 0,11 106,99 105,90118 1,08 1,79E-02 30,48 31,98 0,11 112,22 105,90119 1,08 1,79E-02 30,54 31,98 0,11 107,74 105,80120 1,09 1,80E-02 30,61 31,98 0,10 103,45 105,90121 1,09 1,80E-02 30,61 31,98 0,10 103,45 105,70122 1,11 1,84E-02 30,54 31,98 0,11 110,73 106,00

Raw data for 10A

Time (s)

Cold water flow [l/min]


Cold water temperature in [°C]

Cold water temperature out [°C]



Heat quantity (experimental) [W]

1 1,08 1,79E-02 30,61 32,69 0,16 155,62 162,12 1,08 1,79E-02 30,54 32,69 0,16 160,86 162,43 1,08 1,79E-02 30,48 32,81 0,17 174,32 162,44 1,09 1,80E-02 30,61 32,75 0,16 161,59 162,55 1,09 1,80E-02 30,67 32,75 0,16 157,06 162,36 1,09 1,80E-02 30,54 32,81 0,17 171,41 162,67 1,08 1,79E-02 30,61 32,75 0,16 160,11 162,78 1,08 1,79E-02 30,54 32,81 0,17 169,83 163,19 1,09 1,80E-02 30,67 32,75 0,16 157,06 162,710 1,09 1,80E-02 30,61 32,81 0,17 166,12 162,711 1,09 1,80E-02 30,48 32,75 0,17 171,41 162,812 1,08 1,79E-02 30,48 32,75 0,17 169,83 162,713 1,09 1,80E-02 30,67 32,81 0,16 161,59 162,414 1,09 1,80E-02 30,61 32,88 0,17 171,41 162,515 1,08 1,79E-02 30,67 32,88 0,17 165,34 162,416 1,09 1,80E-02 30,67 32,81 0,16 161,59 162,417 1,09 1,80E-02 30,67 32,88 0,17 166,88 162,818 1,08 1,79E-02 30,54 32,81 0,17 169,83 163,319 1,1 1,82E-02 30,61 32,81 0,17 167,64 163,120 1,08 1,79E-02 30,67 32,88 0,17 165,34 163,121 1,08 1,79E-02 30,48 32,88 0,18 179,56 163,922 1,08 1,79E-02 30,73 32,81 0,16 155,62 163,723 1,09 1,80E-02 30,67 32,88 0,17 166,88 163,824 1,08 1,79E-02 30,61 32,81 0,16 164,60 164,125 1,08 1,79E-02 30,61 32,81 0,16 164,60 164,2

38

26 1,09 1,80E-02 30,54 32,81 0,17 171,41 164,627 1,08 1,79E-02 30,73 32,94 0,17 165,34 164,528 1,08 1,79E-02 30,67 32,94 0,17 169,83 164,929 1,08 1,79E-02 30,61 32,94 0,17 174,32 165,330 1,08 1,79E-02 30,67 33,01 0,18 175,07 165,531 1,08 1,79E-02 30,61 32,88 0,17 169,83 165,832 1,08 1,79E-02 30,73 32,94 0,17 165,34 16633 1,09 1,80E-02 30,67 32,88 0,17 166,88 16634 1,12 1,85E-02 30,73 32,94 0,17 171,47 166,135 1,11 1,84E-02 30,67 33,01 0,18 179,93 166,636 1,11 1,84E-02 30,67 33,01 0,18 179,93 166,737 1,12 1,85E-02 30,67 33,01 0,18 181,56 16738 1,12 1,85E-02 30,73 33,01 0,18 176,90 167,339 1,08 1,79E-02 30,73 32,94 0,17 165,34 167,240 1,09 1,80E-02 30,67 33,01 0,18 176,69 167,341 1,11 1,84E-02 30,61 32,94 0,18 179,17 16842 1,12 1,85E-02 30,73 33,01 0,18 176,90 168,143 1,11 1,84E-02 30,73 33,01 0,18 175,32 168,544 1,12 1,85E-02 30,67 32,94 0,18 176,12 16945 1,11 1,84E-02 30,8 33,01 0,17 169,94 169,146 1,12 1,85E-02 30,8 33,01 0,17 171,47 169,447 1,12 1,85E-02 30,73 33,07 0,18 181,56 169,948 1,12 1,85E-02 30,61 33,01 0,19 186,21 170,549 1,12 1,85E-02 30,8 33,07 0,18 176,12 170,850 1,12 1,85E-02 30,73 33,01 0,18 176,90 170,951 1,11 1,84E-02 30,73 33,07 0,18 179,93 171,252 1,08 1,79E-02 30,8 33,07 0,17 169,83 17153 1,12 1,85E-02 30,61 33,07 0,19 190,87 171,354 1,09 1,80E-02 30,8 33,07 0,17 171,41 171,455 1,08 1,79E-02 30,8 33,07 0,17 169,83 171,456 1,08 1,79E-02 30,8 33,07 0,17 169,83 171,357 1,09 1,80E-02 30,73 33,07 0,18 176,69 171,358 1,12 1,85E-02 30,73 33,07 0,18 181,56 171,559 1,12 1,85E-02 30,73 33,07 0,18 181,56 171,860 1,12 1,85E-02 30,8 33,07 0,18 176,12 172,161 1,08 1,79E-02 30,73 33,07 0,18 175,07 172,362 1,11 1,84E-02 30,8 33,07 0,17 174,55 172,263 1,12 1,85E-02 30,67 33,07 0,19 186,21 172,764 1,09 1,80E-02 30,67 33,14 0,19 186,51 172,965 1,08 1,79E-02 30,73 33,14 0,18 180,31 172,866 1,11 1,84E-02 30,73 33,07 0,18 179,93 17367 1,08 1,79E-02 30,8 33,07 0,17 169,83 173,168 1,09 1,80E-02 30,73 33,14 0,18 181,98 173,269 1,11 1,84E-02 30,8 33,14 0,18 179,93 172,970 1,12 1,85E-02 30,86 33,07 0,17 171,47 172,8

39

71 1,12 1,85E-02 30,86 33,14 0,18 176,90 173,272 1,12 1,85E-02 30,92 33,07 0,17 166,81 173,573 1,12 1,85E-02 30,92 33,14 0,17 172,24 173,874 1,11 1,84E-02 30,8 33,14 0,18 179,93 174,275 1,12 1,85E-02 30,73 33,2 0,19 191,64 174,476 1,12 1,85E-02 30,86 33,14 0,18 176,90 174,577 1,12 1,85E-02 30,8 33,14 0,18 181,56 175,178 1,11 1,84E-02 30,8 33,2 0,18 184,55 175,479 1,08 1,79E-02 30,73 33,14 0,18 180,31 175,580 1,09 1,80E-02 30,8 33,2 0,18 181,22 175,481 1,09 1,80E-02 30,86 33,14 0,17 172,16 175,482 1,09 1,80E-02 30,86 33,2 0,18 176,69 175,683 1,08 1,79E-02 30,86 33,14 0,17 170,58 175,484 1,09 1,80E-02 30,73 33,2 0,19 186,51 175,785 1,12 1,85E-02 30,92 33,2 0,18 176,90 176,186 1,11 1,84E-02 30,8 33,2 0,18 184,55 176,587 1,12 1,85E-02 30,86 33,2 0,18 181,56 176,888 1,11 1,84E-02 30,86 33,2 0,18 179,93 177,189 1,11 1,84E-02 30,8 33,2 0,18 184,55 177,190 1,09 1,80E-02 30,92 33,14 0,17 167,63 177,191 1,08 1,79E-02 30,8 33,27 0,18 184,80 17792 1,08 1,79E-02 30,86 33,27 0,18 180,31 176,793 1,12 1,85E-02 30,8 33,14 0,18 181,56 176,694 1,12 1,85E-02 30,86 33,2 0,18 181,56 177,195 1,12 1,85E-02 30,86 33,27 0,19 186,99 177,296 1,12 1,85E-02 30,86 33,2 0,18 181,56 177,397 1,08 1,79E-02 30,8 33,27 0,18 184,80 177,398 1,09 1,80E-02 30,8 33,2 0,18 181,22 177,399 1,08 1,79E-02 30,86 33,2 0,18 175,07 177,2

Raw data for 15A

Time (s)








1 1,09 1,80E-02 31,17 35,07 0,29 294,49 304,802 1,09 1,80E-02 31,17 35,13 0,30 299,02 304,503 1,09 1,80E-02 31,05 35,07 0,30 303,55 304,204 1,12 1,85E-02 31,11 35,13 0,31 311,90 304,505 1,12 1,85E-02 31,17 35,07 0,30 302,59 304,506 1,12 1,85E-02 31,05 35,01 0,31 307,25 304,507 1,12 1,85E-02 31,11 35,07 0,31 307,25 304,708 1,12 1,85E-02 31,05 35,07 0,31 311,90 305,109 1,08 1,79E-02 31,05 35,13 0,31 305,25 305,10

40


41

55 1,09 1,80E-02 30,99 35,01 0,30 303,55 308,5056 1,09 1,80E-02 30,92 35,01 0,31 308,83 308,4057 1,08 1,79E-02 30,92 35,01 0,31 306,00 308,5058 1,09 1,80E-02 30,99 35,01 0,30 303,55 307,9059 1,09 1,80E-02 30,92 35,07 0,31 313,36 307,9060 1,09 1,80E-02 30,86 34,94 0,31 308,08 308,0061 1,09 1,80E-02 30,86 34,94 0,31 308,08 307,9062 1,08 1,79E-02 30,92 35,01 0,31 306,00 307,8063 1,09 1,80E-02 30,92 35,01 0,31 308,83 308,0064 1,09 1,80E-02 30,86 34,94 0,31 308,08 308,1065 1,09 1,80E-02 30,92 34,94 0,30 303,55 307,9066 1,08 1,79E-02 30,92 35,01 0,31 306,00 308,1067 1,09 1,80E-02 30,86 35,07 0,32 317,89 308,3068 1,09 1,80E-02 30,80 34,94 0,31 312,61 308,4069 1,09 1,80E-02 30,86 34,94 0,31 308,08 308,2070 1,12 1,85E-02 30,92 35,01 0,32 317,33 308,5071 1,12 1,85E-02 30,80 34,94 0,32 321,21 309,20

Raw data for 19A

Time (s)








1 1,11 1,84E-02 30,86 35,46 0,35 353,72 334,902 1,12 1,85E-02 30,92 35,39 0,35 346,82 335,803 1,08 1,79E-02 30,92 35,46 0,34 339,67 336,504 1,08 1,79E-02 30,92 35,46 0,34 339,67 336,505 1,09 1,80E-02 30,92 35,39 0,34 337,53 336,406 1,08 1,79E-02 30,99 35,46 0,33 334,43 336,507 1,09 1,80E-02 30,92 35,39 0,34 337,53 336,708 1,09 1,80E-02 30,92 35,46 0,34 342,81 337,009 1,09 1,80E-02 30,92 35,46 0,34 342,81 337,1010 1,09 1,80E-02 30,99 35,46 0,34 337,53 337,3011 1,08 1,79E-02 30,99 35,46 0,33 334,43 337,3012 1,08 1,79E-02 30,99 35,52 0,34 338,92 337,7013 1,09 1,80E-02 30,92 35,52 0,35 347,34 338,0014 1,09 1,80E-02 30,99 35,46 0,34 337,53 338,3015 1,08 1,79E-02 30,99 35,52 0,34 338,92 338,5016 1,09 1,80E-02 30,99 35,59 0,35 347,34 338,8017 1,09 1,80E-02 30,99 35,52 0,34 342,06 338,9018 1,08 1,79E-02 30,99 35,52 0,34 338,92 338,7019 1,08 1,79E-02 30,99 35,59 0,34 344,16 339,1020 1,08 1,79E-02 30,99 35,59 0,34 344,16 339,1021 1,09 1,80E-02 31,05 35,52 0,34 337,53 339,00

42


43

67 1,09 1,80E-02 31,17 35,84 0,35 352,63 349,6068 1,08 1,79E-02 31,17 35,84 0,35 349,39 349,6069 1,08 1,79E-02 31,11 35,84 0,35 353,88 350,0070 1,09 1,80E-02 31,11 35,84 0,36 357,16 350,2071 1,09 1,80E-02 31,17 35,84 0,35 352,63 350,3072 1,09 1,80E-02 31,17 35,78 0,35 348,10 350,5073 1,09 1,80E-02 31,11 35,78 0,35 352,63 350,6074 1,12 1,85E-02 31,17 35,84 0,36 362,33 351,2075 1,11 1,84E-02 31,17 35,84 0,36 359,10 351,9076 1,12 1,85E-02 31,17 35,84 0,36 362,33 352,5077 1,12 1,85E-02 31,17 35,91 0,37 367,77 353,2078 1,12 1,85E-02 31,11 35,84 0,37 366,99 353,6079 1,12 1,85E-02 31,17 35,91 0,37 367,77 354,3080 1,12 1,85E-02 31,24 35,84 0,36 356,90 354,8081 1,12 1,85E-02 31,17 35,91 0,37 367,77 355,50

13.3.Part Raw data for Rate LawThe rest is available on request

Stack voltage [V] ∆V

Current density (A/cm2)

Current density ln(A/cm2)

Theoretical Current density using reduced BV eq

17,91 0,48275 5,55 1,713797928 4,618916835

17,770,488583 5,45 1,695615609 4,879973577

17,82 0,4865 5,26 1,660131027 4,785087166

17,950,481083 5,35 1,677096561 4,546927704

18,010,478583 5,16 1,640936579 4,441042288

18,010,478583 5,26 1,660131027 4,441042288

17,870,484417 5,16 1,640936579 4,692045731

18,110,474417 4,77 1,562346305 4,270017692

18,070,476083 4,67 1,541159072 4,33762265

18,12 0,474 4,67 1,541159072 4,25328173418,18 0,4715 4,47 1,497388409 4,154234523

18,100,474833 4,77 1,562346305 4,286819502

18,190,471083 4,47 1,497388409 4,137952367

17,990,479417 4,77 1,562346305 4,476060576

18,21 0,47025 4,38 1,477048724 4,10557925518,18 0,4715 4,47 1,497388409 4,154234523

44

18,12 0,474 4,67 1,541159072 4,25328173418,24 0,469 4,28 1,45395301 4,05749384818,27 0,46775 4,18 1,430311247 4,009971628

18,200,470667 4,28 1,45395301 4,121734028

18,260,468167 4,08 1,406096988 4,0257502

18,200,470667 4,28 1,45395301 4,121734028

18,09 0,47525 4,47 1,497388409 4,30368742618,30 0,4665 3,99 1,383791231 3,963005997

18,250,468583 4,08 1,406096988 4,041590859

18,30 0,4665 3,99 1,383791231 3,963005997

18,250,468583 4,18 1,430311247 4,041590859

18,12 0,474 4,38 1,477048724 4,253281734

18,310,466083 3,89 1,358409158 3,947473345

18,250,468583 4,28 1,45395301 4,041590859

18,15 0,47275 3,99 1,383791231 4,203466405

18,140,473167 4,08 1,406096988 4,220006347

18,310,466083 3,79 1,332366019 3,947473345

18,15 0,47275 4,28 1,45395301 4,203466405

18,350,464417 3,79 1,332366019 3,885949143

18,260,468167 3,99 1,383791231 4,0257502

18,200,470667 4,28 1,45395301 4,121734028

18,260,468167 3,99 1,383791231 4,0257502

18,18 0,4715 4,08 1,406096988 4,154234523

18,340,464833 3,69 1,305626458 3,901239708

18,27 0,46775 3,89 1,358409158 4,009971628

18,230,469417 4,08 1,406096988 4,073459413

18,200,470667 3,89 1,358409158 4,121734028

18,310,466083 3,69 1,305626458 3,947473345

18,27 0,46775 3,89 1,358409158 4,009971628

18,140,473167 3,99 1,383791231 4,220006347

45

18,340,464833 3,69 1,305626458 3,901239708

18,160,472333 3,79 1,332366019 4,186991289

18,160,472333 4,08 1,406096988 4,186991289

18,230,469417 3,89 1,358409158 4,073459413

18,250,468583 3,79 1,332366019 4,041590859

18,18 0,4715 4,08 1,406096988 4,15423452318,12 0,474 4,28 1,45395301 4,25328173418,12 0,474 3,79 1,332366019 4,253281734

18,250,468583 3,89 1,358409158 4,041590859

18,200,470667 3,99 1,383791231 4,121734028

18,070,476083 4,18 1,430311247 4,33762265

18,24 0,469 3,79 1,332366019 4,057493848

18,160,472333 3,99 1,383791231 4,186991289

18,12 0,474 4,18 1,430311247 4,253281734

18,140,473167 3,99 1,383791231 4,220006347

18,100,474833 4,18 1,430311247 4,286819502

18,00 0,479 4,08 1,406096988 4,458517052

18,100,474833 4,18 1,430311247 4,286819502

18,050,476917 3,89 1,358409158 4,37182546

18,18 0,4715 3,79 1,332366019 4,154234523

18,140,473167 3,99 1,383791231 4,220006347

18,06 0,4765 4,28 1,45395301 4,354690475

18,110,474417 4,18 1,430311247 4,270017692

18,040,477333 3,89 1,358409158 4,389027867

18,18 0,4715 3,89 1,358409158 4,15423452317,97 0,48025 4,18 1,430311247 4,511354989

18,110,474417 4,08 1,406096988 4,270017692

18,040,477333 4,18 1,430311247 4,389027867

13.4. Mass Balance CalculationsMass balance

46

1. Temperature T (K) = T (0C) +273

2. Total charge

3. Total charge (across 24 plates)

4. Number of electrons

5. Moles of electrons

6. Moles of Hydrogen

7. Molar flow of Hydrogen

8. Volumetric flow rate of Hydrogen (per minute)

13.5.Energy balance Calculations

1. Mass flow rate of water

2. Heat loss

13.6. Rate Law calculations Number of plates (N) = 24 Area per plate = 0.013m2

Total area (A total) = 24 x 0.013 = 0.312m2

1. Temperature T (K) = T (oC) +273 2. Overpotential

47

3. Current density

4. Theoretical current density

48

Write Up of Fuel Cell Practical

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Transcript of Write Up of Fuel Cell Practical