Write on your post it how you think your smart/modern material can be used. You have 1 minute....

Write on your post it how you think your

smart/modern material can be used.

You have 1 minute.

Starter Activity

KS4 Resistant Materials

Write down the meanings for as many of these words as possible:

Ductility hardnesstoughness elasticity strength in

tension compression shear malleability plasticity durability

You have 5 minutes.

Starter Activity


End

Ductility - a materials ability to be drawn or stretched into thinner, smaller sections.

Hardness - ability to withstand abrasive wear and indentation.

Toughness – ability to withstand sudden and shock loading without fracture.

Elasticity – ability of material to return to its original shape once a deforming force has been removed.

Starter Activity


Strength in tension – the ability of a material to withstand being pulled apart.

Compression – ability of a material to withstand being squashed

Shear – ability of a material or joint to withstand being slid apart.

Malleability – a material capable of being deformed by compression with tearing or cracking.

Starter Activity


Plasticity – ability of material to be changed permanently without cracking or breaking.

Durability – ability of material to withstand wear, pressure or damage.

Starter Activity


Understand the properties of smart materials and


Learning Objective

their applications

You should be able to describe the uses, advantages & disadvantages of modern and smart materials when manufacturing products.

A smart material is defined


Learning Objective

as a material that reacts to an outside stimulus, and then once that stimulus has been removed, changes back into its original state.

Shape memory alloy (SMA)


Development

A shape memory alloy (SMA, smart metal, memory metal) is an alloy that "remembers" its original, cold-forged shape: returning to the pre-deformed shape by heating. Shape memory alloys have applications in industries including medical and aerospace. Examples include: flexible spectacles (superelastic wire), heat activated cable connectors and fire sprinkler control.

Shape memory polymerThe material is a cast thermo-setting

resin with extraordinary memory properties. It can be stretched by up

to 200% and still remember its original condition.

When heated above 70°C, it softens, and can be shaped by stretching and bending. When cool it retains its new

shape, but if the material is re-heated to 70°C, it reverts to its flat

sheet condition.

Shape memory alloy (SMA)


Development

Advantages:

• Good elasticity• strong in tension• lightweight

Disadvantages:

• relatively expensive to make in comparison to stainless steel or aluminum

.

Applications (uses)GlassesNitonol based glasses frames – claimed to be nearly indestructible. If they are damaged they can be gently warmed to return to their original shape.

Anti-scalding valvesValves that open and close by using nitinol can be fitted to waster taps and shower units.

Orthodontic wiresSuper elastic SMAs used instead of stainless steel. The elastic properties of the SMA applies a more gentle pressure over a longer period.

Photochromic paint

KS4 Resistant Materials KLT

Development

Changes colour when exposed directly to UV light or sunlight. The colour change is reversible – when the UV source is removed, it will go back to its original colour.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RALSJb35TW4

Uses Paints & dyes in textiles and clothing, i.e. T-shirts are printed or painted and will change colour as day turns to night.

See the Van – during day UV levels high – one image appears, as darkness falls – another image appears.

Daytime

Night time


Photochromic paint


Development


Advantages:

• Change colour in response to UV exposure.

Disadvantages:

• amount of change is dependent upon the level of UV falling on it.

•Over time the ability to change will decay (this will be natural fatigue).


Thermochromic pigments


Development

Thermochromic pigments change colour at specific temperatures. They are incorporated into a special ink and printed onto products.Applications include: baby feeding products, kettles, steam irons and thermal warning patches.

At normal room temperature the pigment appears coloured, but at 27°C the colour disappears.

Reactive Glass


Development

Is a term that applies to a collection of types of glass that can change colour in response to exposure to ultraviolet light or an applied voltage. Any change in colour is fully reversible.

In glasses, reactive glass darkens when exposed to UV radiation. Once light source removed, returns to original state.

Glass itself is impregnated with minute particles of silver halide.

Reactive Glass


Development

Glass which is changed by the application of voltage is called ‘Smart glass’ or ‘switchable glass’. The glass changes from being transparent to opaque. It can be used save energy heating costs, and in some cases, can be used instead of curtains or blinds.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-aliXxhFmd8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-aliXxhFmd8

Reactive Glass


Development

Advantages:

• ability to change colour in response to UV or an applied voltage.• replaces the need for separate reading and sunglasses.

Disadvantages:

• expensive to manufacture• smart glass is expensive to install.• time delay photochromic glasses can cause difficulties when driving.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YEZp2xJEWZA



Carbon nanotubes as additives to materials


Development

Cylindrical nanostructures made from carbon molecules.

They are hoped to be useful in electronics, optics and medicine.

Due to their mechanical properties, there are proposals to include nanotubes in items such as clothes,Sports equipment, and police and military body armour.

There are concerns re medicine – due to their potential toxicity.

Nanotubes join together to form long ropes. You can have single -wall nanotubes (SWNT) and mult-wall nanotubes (MWNT).

SWNT exhibit electrical properties that MWNT so more likely to used in the miniaturisation of electrical products.

Carbon nanotubes as additives to materials


Development

Here are some of the properties and applications:

• 6 times lighter that steel, 500 times stronger• as flexible as plastic• conduct heat & electricity better than any other material discovered.• can be made from raw materials such as methane gas• almost totally inert• used to strengthen plastics on cars• added to paint to give a very hard, tough finish.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=3YO4TTpYg7g



Carbon nanotubes – the future is tubular


Development

Advantages:

• super tensile strength• electrical conductors• tough• chemically inert

Disadvantages:

• expensive to manufacture• toxic nature may prevent potential applications in the world of medicine.

Tubular is back. This time it's about the carbon (not the wave). Stronger than steel and lighter than a feather, carbon nanotubes have the potential to revolutionize just about everything.

Flexible MDF and flexi-ply


Development

Modern Materials wood based

Complex multi-radical shapes can be created with flexi-ply .

Flexible MDF has become the preferred bendable material for many applications including, columns, counter fronts, wavy walls, ceilings, stage and film sets and commercial cabinet making.

Hexaboard and paper


Development

backed veneers Hexaboard is a birch plywood

overlaid with a phenol resistant film on both sides. Hexagon pattern on one side with a smooth finish on the reverse.

Paper-backed veneer offer a flexible solution to veneering panels that cannot be placed in a traditional press. These may be curved panels, panels unable to withstand the pressure of a press. The veneers are bonded to 0.4mm thick paper backing. This helps retain the flexibility of the veneer whilst adding considerable strength and stability.

Eco film


Development

The thick plastic film, long awaited by industry, has the magical property of disappearing almost instantly when it gets wet, making it highly biodegradable. It is made from a polymer based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).Uses in project work include simple water-activated alarms (e.g., the clockwork starts running when the film dissolves); graphic products such as bags and posters that bio-degrade at an accelerated rate.Industry applications include: detergent washing liquid sachets and food packaging.

This is not a smart material, it is a biodegradable polymer.

Your task


Development

Think about some of the everyday products that you are familiar with and see if any of the components could be replaced with smart materials.

• Work with person next to you.• You have 5 minutes to come up with a design solution for one of your smart/modern materials. End

Task 2


Plenary

Without using your notes sum up one of the following with your partner:

SMAsPhotochromic paintReactive glassCarbon nanotubes

Remember to include advantages, disadvantages and applications.You have 2 minutes.

2:001:591:581:571:561:551:541:531:521:511:501:491:481:471:461:451:441:431:421:411:401:391:381:371:361:351:341:331:321:311:301:291:281:271:261:251:241:231:221:211:201:191:181:171:161:151:141:131:121:111:101:091:081:071:061:051:041:031:021:011:000:590:580:570:560:550:540:530:520:510:500:490:480:470:460:450:440:430:420:410:400:390:380:370:360:350:340:330:320:310:300:290:280:270:260:250:240:230:220:210:200:190:180:170:160:150:140:130:120:110:100:090:080:070:060:050:040:030:020:01End

Try it!


Starter next lesson – test your knowledge

Working with your partner, take it in turns to state an advantage and a disadvantage of a modern or smart material.

SMAsPhotochromic paintReactive glassCarbon nanotubes

You have 2 minutes.

2:001:591:581:571:561:551:541:531:521:511:501:491:481:471:461:451:441:431:421:411:401:391:381:371:361:351:341:331:321:311:301:291:281:271:261:251:241:231:221:211:201:191:181:171:161:151:141:131:121:111:101:091:081:071:061:051:041:031:021:011:000:590:580:570:560:550:540:530:520:510:500:490:480:470:460:450:440:430:420:410:400:390:380:370:360:350:340:330:320:310:300:290:280:270:260:250:240:230:220:210:200:190:180:170:160:150:140:130:120:110:100:090:080:070:060:050:040:030:020:01End

Quick Notes


Plenary

Reactive glass can reversibly change colour in UV light or it a voltage is applied. It is widely used in glasses and windows but is expensive.

Carbon nanotubes are tough and strong, good electrical conductors and chemically inert.They are added to other materials to improve them.They are often used in paint and cars but expensive and toxic.

Exam questions


Plenary

Explain one advantage for a business of using reactive glass in its office windows. (2 marks)

Excellent answer:No need to by curtains or blinds because of the opaque nature of the glass, as people outside would not be able to see inside.

Write on your post it how you think your smart/modern material can be used. You have 1 minute....

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