World War One

CHC2D8Ms. Gluskin

DAY 1

Course Question (p. 2)

• Is Canada a better country today than it was in the past?– Criterion (singular)– Criteria (plural)

• Standards for judging• http://

tc2.ca/teaching-resources/student-resources/videos-for-students.php

–TC2 Video: Tools for Thought – using criteria

Numbers…Total number of soldiers

Total wounded Total killed

65,038,810 21,189,154 8,528,831

Numbers Are People

Canadian War Museum, The Story of the Canadian Forces Health Services, N.d., http://www.museedelaguerre.ca/cwm/exhibitions/healthservices/worldwar1_11_e.shtml (Jan. 28, 2014) .

Soldiers at a casualty clearing station near Ypres, July 1916

Overview (p. 6)

• Two important things about Canada before the war:– –

• The war was a turning point because a lot of things changed after the war.

Timeline (p. 6)

• Timelines are made up of significant (important) events– The author has to select the events he/she thinks

are most important• Usually because an event had a big impact on a lot of

people

• They are arranged in chronological order (from earliest to latest)

Alliances

Which alliance was Canada part of? Why?

Causes (pp. 10-11)

• Collision course• Empire• Colony• Stockpile (large collection of something to be

used in the future)• Alliance (partnership, agreement)• Spark• Nationalist (patriot)

Causes

• Long-term causes happened many, many years before an event

• Short-term causes happened just before an event– Trigger is another word for short-term cause– Spark is another word for trigger

Your Move to Canada

• What caused your parents to decide to move to Canada?– Long-term– Short-term

Long-term Causes

These are all long-term causes of the war because they were around for many years (decades) before the war began.

Nationalism in Europe

• Germany and France were not friendly with each other (they had fought each other in 1870-71). – Germany controlled some land France wanted back.

• Bosnia was a colony of Austria-Hungary. Some of its people were Serbian. Serbia was an independent country nearby. – If Bosnia gained independence Austria-Hungary wouldn’t

be as powerful an empire anymore.• Russia was friends with Serbia and wanted to help

Serbia against Austria-Hungary.

Militarism in Europe

• Germany and Britain were military competitors. – They both wanted to have the most powerful

navy. • Other countries were strengthening their

armies and navies too in case of a future war: – France (maybe versus ____________)– Russia (maybe versus ____________)– Austria-Hungary (maybe versus ____________)

Which cause?

Royal Navy Museum, HMS Dreadnought Exhibition, 2006, http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/visit_see_20th_dreadnought.htm (Feb. 5, 2014).

Vocabulary for Causes

• Short-term: trigger, spark • Long-term: encourage, underlie, lead to,

contribute to, influence, motivate

• Reasons• Because

Consequences

• Four years of brutal warfare– We will look at the war tomorrow– We will also see how the war had consequences

for Canadians at home, too

Journal Entry #2

What criteria would you use to judge if a teacher is a good teacher? Use and explain at least three criteria. Prompts :

– A good teacher… – A teacher is good if… – What makes a good teacher is…

• Length: ½ to ¾ page, double-spaced.

DAY 2

How Do We Know What We Know in History?

• How do we know what it was like to be in war?

• How do we know what it felt like to be a soldier in World War One?

• How do we know what happened at home in Canada during the war?

Primary Source Evidence

• Primary source evidence is made up of things that are directly from a time period.– Photographs, documents, objects, etc.

• Even though you are young, what evidence have you already left behind of your life?– things you use daily such as …– things you created such as …– digital or electronic traces of you such as …

Life in the Trenches

Reading a Photo as Evidence

Trench Photos

• http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/exhibitions/guerre/life-at-the-front-e.aspx– Draining trenches– A dry trench

Vocabulary of Trench Warfare (pp. 14-15)

• stalemate = “a contest, dispute, competition, etc., in which neither side can gain an advantage or win”

• defensive = protecting from attack• trench warfare • miserable = very unpleasant• sniper = a person who shoots at someone from a

hidden place • shell shock = medical condition • no man’s land • hardships = pain and suffering

Match the Vocabulary Word with the Picture

Library and Archives Canada, No Man’s Land, 2008, http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/public_mikan/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&lang=eng&rec_nbr=3194773&rec_nbr_list=3194773 (Jan. 28, 2014).

In front of Canadian lines, 1916, the Battle of the Somme

?

• http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/exhibitions/guerre/photo-e.aspx?PageId=3.E.3&photo=3.E.3.m&f=%2fcwm%2fexhibitions%2fguerre%2flife-at-the-front-e.aspx– Sniping school

?

“In a landmark article, Capt. Charles Myers of the Royal Army Medical Corps noted “the remarkably close similarity” of symptoms in three soldiers who had each been exposed to exploding shells: Case 1 had endured six or seven shells exploding around him; Case 2 had been buried under earth for 18 hours after a shell collapsed his trench; Case 3 had been blown off a pile of bricks 15 feet high. All three men exhibited symptoms of “reduced visual fields,” loss of smell and taste, and some loss of memory.” Caroline Alexander, The Shock of War, Smithsonian Magazine, Sept. 2010, http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-shock-of-war-55376701/ (Jan. 28, 2014).

?Nov. 14, 1916

Dear Jessie & Stuart.

Last night your letter of the 16th of October arrived and of course I was glad to get it. Letters are always welcome and especially in the trenches where they help to break the monotony of the routine…. The Germans just here behave themselves pretty well and that means less work for us. They watch our men very close and they try for them with their machine guns even at long range. Judging from the noise they make you would think about every second one of their men had a machine gun. They have hundreds of them. I do not think there are many men in the trenches opposite; but they are well supplied with M.Gs and am. And I guess it’s the same all along the line. …

Write Soon again

Affectionately Your brother

Leslie [McNaughton]

Canada.com, Letters from Vimy: Part 3, April 4, 2007, 2010-2014, http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/story.html?id=5b1a40eb-0165-4bb9-9995-f5d8c0516211 (Jan. 28, 2014).