World War II - intervention.roodie.co.zaintervention.roodie.co.za/assets/files/Gr9SSW8.pdf · World...

World War IIGrade 9Term 1

End of World War I • Kaiser Wilhelm, Germany's leader,

abdicated on 9 November 1918• 11 November 1918 – Germany

surrenders

• The new government makes peace with the Allied powers

• Allied powers meet in Paris to draw treaty terms

• 1919 – The Paris Peace conference was held in the hall of the mirrors in the Palace of Versailles

Establishment of the Weimer Republic• 1918 – end of Kaiser’s rule and establishment of the Weimar

Republic at the small town of Weimar

• Weimar Republic was the government of Germany from 1919 to 1933

• Women are allowed to stand and vote in the election for the National Assembly for the first time

• Friedrich Ebert becomes the first president of the Weimar Republic

• Germany becomes a democratic republic

• Democracy way of life is new for German citizens

• Black, Red and Gold are the chosen colours of the Weimar Republic

• The new state bears the consequences of the war and the Treaty of Versailles allows victors to dictate the treaty terms

• Germany loses 1/7 of its territory and must pay reparations

• Many citizens were against the Versailles treaty and caused much uprising against the government

• In June 1920, the government loses majority vote

The Treaty of Versailles and its Consequences for Germany

• The Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919 to ensure peace in Europe following World War I

• It took force on January 10, 1920

• Germany was forced to pay reparations and the Germans were shocked at the severity of the terms

• The German population was reduced by 10% by the treaty and Germany lost many areas of land

• The German army was reduced

• The manufacture of armoured cars, tanks, submarines, war planes and poison gas was forbidden

• Rhineland was demilitarised

• Germany was forbidden from uniting with Austria

• The Treaty of Versailles was bitterly criticised by the Germans

• Watch the video: https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/treaty-of-versailles/videos/treaty-of-versailles?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/treaty-of-versailles/videos/treaty-of-versailles?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

Impact on Germany After the Signing of the Treaty

• Loss of status as a colonial power• Loss of income from trade with colonies

• Loss of raw materials and goods• Loss of funds for economic revival• Poverty

• High taxes and unemployment• Humiliation• Lost status and prestige

• Reduction in size• Germans were no longer united in one empire

Weimar Republic Quotations• “The war has ended, quite differently indeed from how we expected. Our politicians have

failed us miserably.”Kaiser Wilhelm II, September 1918

• “You have kept the enemy from crossing our frontiers and you have saved your country from the miseries and disasters of war… We end the struggle proudly and with our heads held high, where we have stood for four years in the face of a world full of enemies.”German general Paul von Hindenburg, November 1918

• “As an English general has very truly said, the German Army was ‘stabbed in the back’… Like Siegfried, stricken down by the treacherous spear of savage Hagen, our weary front collapsed.”General Paul von Hindenburg, November 1919

• “Vengeance! German nation! Today in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles, the disgraceful treaty is being signed. Do not forget it! The German people will… press forward to reconquer the place among the nations to which it is entitled. Then will come vengeance for the shame of 1919!”Deutsche Zeitung newspaper, June 1919

• I would be happy if I could properly provide for my household and children, but of the 25 marks a week [I receive from work], one and a half marks goes for transport, six marks for childcare… I wonder what I live for and why everything is so unequal.”A female textile worker, 1930

The Rise of Nazi Germany

• In 1919, Adolf Hitler joined the German Workers' Party and became its official leader, or Führer and changed the party name to the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) which became known as the Nazi party

• He gained popularity through his emotional and captivating speeches and encouraged national pride and militarism

• The Nazis proclaimed that they would abolish the Treaty of Versailles• Hitler condemned the Jews, exploiting anti-Semitic feelings that had

prevailed in Europe for centuries • Hitler tried to seize power of the Munich Putsch in 1923 but failed• He used his trial for treason to make himself a national figure and used

the publicity to get his ideas published in Mein Kampf, his autobiography.

• In July 1932 the Nazis won more votes than any other party at the election

• In February 1933, the German parliament, the Reichstag, was burned down

• Hitler expelled the Communists from parliament and enforced a state of emergency where all civic freedoms were suspended.

• The Nazi party assumed control of Germany's army, police force, government and economy.

• Hitler rose to power.• Watch the video here:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=115&v=a2YEUhHFMHY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=115&v=a2YEUhHFMHY

The Enabling Act and

Establishment of a Dictatorship

• The Enabling Act was passed on March 23rd 1933 by German Parliament and signed into law on the same day

• Nazi dictatorship was formed

• Hitler became the sole leader – Der Führer• The act transferred all power to Hitler as Reich

Chancellor and Hitler could make laws without consulting Reichstag

• Hitler increased army and police forces

• The Swastika became the national flag• All independent trade unions were banned• Freedom of speech was banned

Hitler • Born April 20, 1889

• Died April 30, 1945 after committing suicide with wife Eva Braun

• Hitler was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945

• He served as dictator and leader of the Nazi Party

• His policies precipitated World War II and led to the genocide known as the Holocaust, which resulted in the deaths of six million Jews and another five million non-combatants

World War II (The Second World War) 1939-1945

• World War II was caused by the Treaty of Versailles and the German people’s resentment toward the League of Nations

• It was a global war where many countries participated as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis

• Germany, Italy and Japan became the three Axis powers• Russia, France, British Empire, United States, Romania, Serbia, Belgium,

Greece, Portugal and Montenegro became the Allied powers• It is estimated that over 50-70 million people died• The war covered territories in Europe, the Pacific, the Atlantic, South-East

Asia, China, Middle East, the Mediterranean and Africa• On December 7, 1941, Japan bombed Pearl Harbour in the Hawaiian

Island. The United States entered the war.• On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on

Hiroshima, Japan• On August 9, 1945 another atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki,

Japan. Over 225,000 people were killed or later died from radiation poisoning in both these attacks

• Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945• On August 14, 1945, Japan surrendered. World War II ended on August 15,

1945• A “proclamation of formal cessation of World War II hostilities” was issued

by President Harry Truman on December 31, 1946• Watch the video here: https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-

history/euro-hist/wo/v/beginning-of-world-war-ii

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/euro-hist/wo/v/beginning-of-world-war-ii

Aftermath of World War II

• By the end of the war, millions of people were dead and millions homeless

• The European economy had collapsed with 70% of its industrial infrastructure destroyed

• The "European Recovery Program", (Marshall Plan) was put in place for reconstruction of Western Europe

• The Allies created the United Nations to forbid wars of aggression in an attempt to avoid a third world war

• The devastated great powers of Western Europe formed the current European Union

• U.S. and USSR emerged as two superpowers• End of World War II video:

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/euro-hist/wo/v/1945-end-of-world-war-ii

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/euro-hist/wo/v/1945-end-of-world-war-ii

World War II Audio Clips• Sir Winston Churchill (1874 - 1965) became Prime Minister in 1940, leading an

all-party war coalition• He was to lead the country throughout the war years, until after victory in

Europe had been secured• Churchill was a master at both writing and delivering speeches. The many

memorable ones he made during the war - 'blood, sweat and tears', 'we shall fight them on the beaches', 'their finest hour', 'The few' - have been credited with galvanising national spirit and helping to inspire eventual victory

• Churchill had only recently become Prime Minister when he made this speech on 18 June 1940. In it he prepares the nation for the Battle of Britain to come

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learning/schoolradio/subjects/history/ww2clips/speeches/churchill_finest_hour

• Vera Lynn (born 1917) was one of the superstars of entertainment during the War years and became known as 'The Forces' Sweetheart'.

• She released a number of very popular songs during the War years.• These included 'White Cliffs of Dover' and 'We'll meet again'.• She also presented her own radio programme called 'Sincerely Yours' in which

she read out messages from those separated by the conflict.• She also won affection by showing herself ready to travel overseas to entertain

the forces, including the long and difficult journey to Burma.• In 1969 she was awarded the OBE. In 1975 she was made a Dame of the British

Empire.• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learning/schoolradio/subjects/history/ww2clips/songs/w

ell_meet_again

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learning/schoolradio/subjects/history/ww2clips/speeches/churchill_finest_hour

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learning/schoolradio/subjects/history/ww2clips/songs/well_meet_again

World War II Quotes• “Dunkirk has fallen… with it has ended the greatest battle

of world history. Soldiers! My confidence in you knew no bounds. You have not disappointed me.” Adolf Hitler – 5 June 1940

• “Never in the field of human conflict, has so much, been owed by so many, to so few!” Winston Churchill –September 1940

• “As a soldier he is a bad politician and as a politician is an equally bad soldier.” Adolf Hitler on Churchill, May 1941

• “We are now in this war. We are all in it, all the way.” Franklin D. Roosevelt – 9 December 1941

• “This is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning.” Winston Churchill – 10 November 1942

• “Boys, if you ever pray, pray for me now.” Harry S. Truman – 13 April 1945 on taking over as US President following the death of Roosevelt

• The stock market crash of October 1929 was the beginning of the Great Depression

• It was the worst economic downturn in US history

• By 1930, there were 4.3 million people unemployed; by 1931, 8 million; and in 1932 the number had risen to 12 million. By early 1933, almost 13 million were out of work and the unemployment rate stood at an astonishing 25 percent

• More than 5,000 banks had gone out of business

• The German economy was especially vulnerable since it was built upon foreign capital, mostly loans from America and was very dependent on foreign trade

• As production levels fell, German workers were laid off

• People lost their savings and hyperinflation soon followed making it hard for families to purchase expensive necessities with devalued money

• The middle class were cast into poverty

• The crisis of the Great Depression brought disunity to the political parties in the Reichstag

The Great Depression1929-1939

© e-classroom www.e-classroom.co.za

GRADE 9 TERM 1SOCIAL SCIENCES (GEOGRAPHY) MAP SKILLS - CONTOUR LINES

RIVER VALLEYS AND SPURS

UNIT 1 - section 3 A river valley is an area of low lying land through which a river will flow.

Spurs are pieces of land that stick out between different valleys separating them.

‘a’ represents a valley ‘b’ represents a spur

Ac t i v i t y 1 1. Describe the contour line differences between a spur and a valley. Include in the description;

gradient and physical identification.

http://www.e-classroom.co.za



RIVER VALLEYS AND SPURS - MEMORANDUM

UNIT 1 - section 3 A river valley is an area of low lying land through which a river will flow.


‘a’ represents a valley ‘b’ represents a spur

Ac t i v i t y 1 1. Describe the contour line differences between a spur and a valley. Include in the description;

gradient and physical identification.

A river valley is an area of low lying land through which a river will flow.


The contour lines of a valley are U shaped and parallel a major stream before crossing it. The more gradual the fall of the stream the further apart the contour lines.

A valley is a course of a stream that is boarded on the sides by higher ground.

A spur is a short, continuing slope of higher ground that can come out from the other side of a ridge.

It is often formed by two parallel streams cutting down the other side of a ridge.

The contour lines of a spur are either a U or V pointing away from high ground.




STEEP AND GENTLE SLOPES

UNIT 1 - section 2 Gradient – The gradient can also be referred to as slope

and is used to show how steep or flat a line is compared to the horizontal.

Gradient is worked out using contour lines and the following formula;

Gradient = The difference in height between two points

The distance between two points

Always remember these rules when using the formula:

The numerator and the denominator are both in metres.

Divide the figure above the line (numerator) into the figure below the line (denominator) so that the vertical cancels to 1. (Put the denominator into your calculator first).

Gradient is expressed as a ratio: Vertical distance: Horizontal distance

So, the answer is always given as 1 to the ratio of something e.g. 1:25, where 1 represents the vertical distance and 25 the horizontal distance.

For example: Calculate the average gradient between points 1343 to 1309.

Always start by writing out the formula

1. Work out the distance in height between two points using the contour lines. Subtract the smaller height from the bigger one.

2. Measure the distance between the two points using a ruler. Multiply your answer by map scale and divide by 100 to get into metres.

3. Divide by putting in the denominator first.

1343-1309 = 34m (minus)

Distance= 8.6cm (8.6 x 50 000 divided by 100)

1:126.5 (4300 divided by 34)

A slope will have a STEEP gradient if there is a big

difference in height between the two places but the

horizontal distance is small.

A slope will have a GENTLE gradient if there is a

small difference in height between two points and the horizontal distance is large.

1309

1434





The gradient of 1:126.5 means that for every 126.5, units that you travel horizontally, there will be an elevation of 1 unit.

Ac t i v i t y 11. What is gradient?

2. How do contour lines show the difference between steep and gentle slopes?

Uniform, gentle slope – Contour lines evenly spaced and wide apart indicate a uniform, gentle slope.

Uniform, steep slope – Contour lines evenly spaced and close together indicate a uniform, steep slope. The closer the contour lines are to each other, the steeper the slope.

https://goo.gl/z5bJQb







3. Calculate and describe the gradient from point 1519 to 1456






STEEP AND GENTLE SLOPES - MEMORANDUM

Ac t i v i t y 11. What is gradient?

The gradient can also be refferred to as slope and is used to show how steep or flat a line is compared to the horizontal.

2. How do contour lines show the difference between steep and gentle slopes?

Contour lines evenly spaced and wide apart indicate a uniform, gentle slope.

Contour lines evenly spaced and close together indicate a uniform, steep slope. The closer the contour are to each other, the steeper the slope.

3. Calculate and describe the gradient from point 1519 to 1456

Gradient = The difference in height between two points

The distance between two points

1519 - 1456 = 63m

Distance = 4.6cm (x 50 000 divided by 100) = 2300m

2300 divided by 63

1:36.51


14561519





THE CONCEPT OF CONTOUR LINES

UNIT 1 - section 1

The concept of contour lines (models and landscape maps with landscape features)

Contour lines – These are lines drawn on a map joining places of equal height above sea level.

These lines will never cross each other and go up in equal intervals.

Contour lines make shapes and patterns on a map. These shapes help identify different features present on a map.

The closer together the contour lines, the steeper the slope.

The further apart the contour lines, the gentler the slope.

Contour intervals vary from map to map. This contour interval is the distance between each contour line. For example it can be 20metre or 50metre intervals.

These contour lines are drawn onto a map by a cartographer.

A cartographer is a person who makes maps and relies on different sources of information to do so.

Examples of these landscape features include:

Hills

Mountains

Rivers

Valleys

If you follow your finger along the 10600m line it joins all the heights of 10600m along that line. https://goo.gl/cTyVdV


https://goo.gl/cTyVdV




Have a look at the table showing examples of features and their contour line patterns.

Hills

Mountains

Rivers

Valleys

https://goo.gl/NMjJP2https://goo.gl/sBRZQfhttps://goo.gl/TBuVkR


https://goo.gl/NMjJP2

https://goo.gl/sBRZQf

https://goo.gl/TBuVkR




When using contour lines, features are identified and then models can then be built.

Models are smaller, realistic representations of the real object.

Ac t i v i t y 11. Give a clear definition of contour lines?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

2. Draw an image showing contour lines and contour interval

https://goo.gl/B4CTx8


https://goo.gl/B4CTx8




3. Identify the following features and explain what they would look like on land.

4. What can contour lines be used to build? Explain




THE CONCEPT OF CONTOUR LINES - MEMORANDUM

Ac t i v i t y 11. Give a clear definition of contour lines?

These are lines drawn on a map joining places of equal height above sea level.

These lines will never cross each other and go up in equal intervals.

2. Draw an image showing contour lines and contour interval

3. Identify the following features and explain what they would look like on land.

This is a river valley. In between the valley the river flows so they will go together.

The V shape of the contour line always points in the direction from which the river is flowing.

This is a mountain, it is a high area of land with steep slopes and narrow river valleys. (Look at the contour line height going down from the centre)




THE CONCEPT OF CONTOUR LINES - MEMORANDUM

4. What can contour lines be used to build? Explain

When using contour lines, features are identified and then models can be built.Models are smaller, realistic representations of the real object.


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