World War II

One of the same problems that caused WWI is going to cause WWII………….

NATIONALISM (dictators putting the loyalty to their country above all other)

World War II• Many nations were economically struggling

after WWI • The end of WW I caused many ill feelings

between nations.• The Treaty of Versailles made the Germans

resentful• Russia was upset by losing a lot of their land

to independent nations (Poland, Finland, etc.)• Widespread hunger, homelessness, &

unemployment made it possible for dictators to seize power. Many of the dictators were able to prey on the people’s hopelessness.

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People of World War II

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Joseph Stalin• Soviet Union’s dictator• Brought great suffering & strife to his people.• Wanted to create a Great Industrial power. He took away all

independent farmland to create large state owned farms. • No one was safe in Stalin’s world. Anyone suspected of

criticizing the gov’t would be taken to a labor camp or killed.

• Thousands of people loyal to Stalin were executed. Historians think Stalin killed anywhere from 8-13 million people. Millions of others died of starvation due to Stalin’s ruthless government.

• By 1939, Stalin had a totalitarian state (complete control over a society. Citizens have no rights and the leader suppresses all opposition.

Russia-Democracy failed and Joseph Stalin turned Russia into a Communist State. Everything came under control of the state.

Benito Mussolini• Dictator in Italy Il Duce “the chief”• Fascism- a new political movement with a dictator in

control of a strong gov’t.• Did not control farms and factories

• Crushed opposition & made it a totalitarian state.

Adolf Hitler• Joined the nazi party • Der fuhrer ‘leader”• Nazism- extreme nationalism• “Mein Kampf” (My struggle) dreamed of

uniting all German people (blue eyes, blond hair, Aryans- “master race”)

• Germany’s Depression Made Hitler especially popular. He Appealed to these desperate People. A virtually unknown middle class AUSTRIAN was appointed Chancellor of Germany.

• Third Reich- Empire Hitler set up in Germany

• Munich Pact- an agreement that said Hitler had a last quest and he would end after that (this made the French & British prime minister very happy)

• Winston Churchill- did not approve of this • appeasement- giving in for the sake of peace• Hitler had lied & invaded Poland.• nonaggression pact- Soviet & German

agreement not to fight• blitzkrieg- “lightning war” German military

strategy (take enemy by surprise and strike quickly)

• Britain & France declared war

French & British troops head to Belgium. French & British fled to the beaches on the English Channel. Italy joins the effort & attacks France from the South) France falls to Hitler. French General- Charles de Gaulle flees to England. “France has lost a battle but has not lost the war”

The Battle of Britain- the Germans attacked Britain to take out the RAF (Royal Air Force)

With a new device called RADAR (which allowed plotted paths of German planes) British pilots were able to push the Germans out of Britain

11stst thing Hitler did was to remove “all non-aryans” from gov’t jobs thing Hitler did was to remove “all non-aryans” from gov’t jobsHolocaust- the systematic murder of 11 million people (over half were Jews)Holocaust- the systematic murder of 11 million people (over half were Jews)Anti- Semitism Anti- Semitism (hatred towards Jews) long European History(hatred towards Jews) long European HistoryNuremberg Laws- Nuremberg Laws- stripped Jews of their German citizenship, jobs, & property.stripped Jews of their German citizenship, jobs, & property.Jews had to start wearing the Star of David (bright yellow) Jews had to start wearing the Star of David (bright yellow)

Kristallnacht- Kristallnacht- “night of broken glass” jewish shops, synagogues, and homes were “night of broken glass” jewish shops, synagogues, and homes were invaded.invaded.

Jews Emigrated in Mass numbersJews Emigrated in Mass numbersFinal Solution- Final Solution- genocide- deliberate killing of an entire population.genocide- deliberate killing of an entire population.

•CommunistsCommunists•SocialistsSocialists•LiberalsLiberals•GypsiesGypsies•DisabledDisabled•Mentally illMentally ill•HomosexualHomosexual•IllIll•Jehovah’s Witnesses Jehovah’s Witnesses

S.S. “Security Squadron”Rounded up men, women, children & babies and shot them to death.

Ghettos- segregated areas within cities surrounded by barbed wire. Bodies piled up, factories were built.

Concentration Camps- prison & labor camps (hunger, humiliation, death) rats, fleas

1942 Poisonous Gas initiated. Death Camps killed 12,000 people a dayCrematoriums were used to dispose of the bodiesMedical Experiments

America Moves Toward War

Cash and carry- Congress passed saying we could sell warring nations weapons if they paid cash & transported them in their own ships. This allowed us to help the effort against Hitler without fully getting involved.

Too little too late? By the time this went into effect….. Britain & France were in trouble.

AXIS POWERS FORMED- Germany/Italy/JapanGermany/Italy/Japan (formed to prevent the U.S. from entering the war. If U.S. got involved it would mean an Atlantic & Pacific War.

“The great arsenal of democracyThe great arsenal of democracy” Roosevelt calls to stop the Axis powers.

Lend-Lease Act- basically legalizing weapons to Britain without payment

Atlantic Charter- joining together of Britain and United States

Hideki Tojo- Japan’s leader who led the invasion of ChinaThe United States stopped trading with China (really hurt them because they needed our oil)

Hideki Tojo Emperor Hirohito

The United States knew an attack was coming, but when? Where?

A day that will live in infamy…………. Dec. 7 1941 A day that will live in infamy…………. Dec. 7 1941

Attack on Pearl Harbor

180 warplanes attacked U.S.Naval Base in Hawaii. Over 2400 Americans were killed and over 1100 wounded. There was greater damage to the Navy then all of WWI.

3 Aircraft carriers that were out at sea during the attack survived. (will prove crucial)After the attack almost all Americans were in favor of going to war.