World religions
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Transcript of World religions
WORLD RELIGIONS
Christianity, Judaism, Islam
Buddhism, Hinduism
Monotheistic Religions
Belief in one god Originated in Middle East
(Mesopotamia, Israel and Saudi Arabia)
Judaism Christianity Islam
What is Judaism? Oldest monotheistic religion Religion of Ancient Israelites
(Hebrews) Today is primarily found in Israel,
United States, and Eastern Europe
Origins of Judaism• Began in Ancient Israel• Founded by Abraham• Began nearly 4000 years ago
Beliefs of Judaism
One god called Yahweh (God) God’s “chosen people” Have a covenant (agreement) with
God Follow Jewish law - the Ten
Commandments One day a Messiah (messenger or
savior) will arrive Can only eat kosher foods – no
pork, shellfish, or meat prepared with dairy products
Judaism
Holy Book – Torah
Place of Worship – Synagogue
Sects/Branches – Orthodox Reformed Conservative
Holidays & Holy DaysHolidays: Yom Kippur –
Day of Atonement Fasting
Rosh Hashanah – Jewish New Year
Hanukkah – Nine day festival Lighting the menorah
Holy Day: Shabbat (Sabbath) –
Friday evening to Saturday morning
Sacred Places Jews consider
Jerusalem to be holy
Western Wall (“Wailing Wall”) Only remaining
wall of ancient Jewish temple
What is Christianity? Monotheistic - Developed out of
Judaism Religion of followers (disciples) of
Jesus Today is primarily found in North
America, South America, Europe, Southern Africa, Australia
Origins of Christianity• Began in Ancient Israel• Founded by Jesus• Began nearly 2000 years ago
Beliefs of Christianity One god (God) Follow the teachings of Jesus of
Nazareth Was Son of God Died on cross and rose again Was the Messiah
Goal is to go to heaven Follow Ten Commandments
Christianity
Holy Book – Bible Old Testament New Testament
Place of Worship – Church Cathedral
Sects/Branches – Roman Catholic Orthodox Protestant
Holidays & Holy DaysHolidays: Christmas –
Birth of Jesus Easter –
Death and Resurrection
Holy Day: SundayRituals/Ceremonies: Baptism Communion
Sacred Places
Jerusalem Vatican City
Holy Seat of Roman Catholic Church
Home of the Pope St. Peter’s
Basilica Sistine Chapel
What is Islam? Monotheistic
religion Followers are
called Muslims
Today is primarily found in Middle East, North Africa, Central Asia, Indonesia
Origins of Islam
• Began in Saudi Arabia
• Founded by Muhammad
• Began in 610 CE
Beliefs of Islam
One god called Allah (‘God’ in Arabic)
Muhammad was the final prophet (messenger)
Five Pillars
Five Pillars of Islam Declare that there is only one God,
Allah Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca Give to the poor Fast during the month of Ramadan Pilgrimage (“hajj”) to Mecca once
during lifetime
Islam
Holy Book – Qur’an
Place of Worship – Mosque
Sects/Branches – Sunni Shi’i
Holidays & Holy DaysHolidays: Ramadan
Month long period of fasting
Eid al Fitr Feast at end of
RamadanHoly Day: Friday prayers at
mosque
Sacred Places Mecca
Great Mosque Ka’aba
Jerusalem Dome of the Rock
Eastern Religions
Hinduism Polythei
stic
Buddhism Way of life,
Philosophy
What is Hinduism? Polytheistic religion Followers are called Hindus Today is primarily found in India World’s oldest major religion Philosophy and way of life
Origins of Hinduism
• Began in Indus Valley (Ancient India/Modern Pakistan)
• No single founder• Originated between 4000 and 2000
BC
Beliefs of Hinduism Polytheistic Every living thing is a
part of one soul – Atman Reincarnation – eternal
soul reborn into different bodies till it finds liberation
Karma – the result of good and bad actions that determine the soul’s next life
Ultimate goal in life – to release the soul and return to Brahman (the universal soul)
Who do Hindus worship? –
the major gods of the Hindu Pantheon
Brahma, the creator
Vishnu, the preserver
Shiva, god of constructive destruction(the transformer)
How does Hinduism directlife in this world?
Respect for all living things – vegetarian
Caste System – rigid social class system based on Hindu beliefs Four “castes” - priests & teachers,
nobles & warriors, merchant class, servant class
Practice Yoga Guru – spiritual teacher
Holy Cow!
Hindus have always had great respect for Mother Nature and its creatures
Cow is especially significant because it symbolizes gentleness
Hinduism Holy Book –
Vedas Written in
Sanskrit Place of Worship
– Temple Sects/Branches –
many different branches
Holidays & Holy DaysHolidays: Diwali
Festival of Lights
Holi Festival of
Colors
Sacred Places
Varanasi Ganges River
What is Buddhism? Neither monotheistic or
polytheistic Followers are called Buddhists Today is primarily found in East
and Southeast Asia (China, Japan, Koreas, SE Asia
Origins of Buddhism• Began in northern India• Founded by Hindu
prince• Siddhartha Gautama• Called “Buddha” – the
enlightened one• Began almost 2,500
years ago
Beliefs of Buddhism
Buddha is NOT considered a god
Reincarnation Karma Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path Nirvana
Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama was an
Indian Prince who lived in luxury and comfort inside the palace.
One day he left the palace gardens and saw an Old man, a sick man, and a dead man.
Left his home and went on a search to find the reason people suffer and how to end it.
Meditated under a bodh tree. Buddha realized: Life is full of
suffering. He became the Enlightened one.
BuddhismHe explained the FOUR NOBLE
TRUTHS:
1. All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow.
2. The cause of suffering is desire for things such as riches, power and long life.
3. The only cure for suffering is to overcome desire.
4. The way to overcome desire is to follow the 8-fold path.
Cure for suffering
The only cure for suffering is to follow the Eightfold Path, a middle road between a life devoted to pleasure and a life of harsh self-denial.
It is important to live a moral life.
Enlightenment is achieved through meditation.
The ultimate goal is nirvana, union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth.
Buddhism Sacred Writings –
No one holy book Collection of
Buddha’s sayings in Tripitaka
Place of Worship – Temple (stupa)
Sects/Branches – Mahayana Theravada Tibetan Zen
What is Sikhism? Monotheistic Name of Supreme Being: God Followers are called Sikhs Today is primarily found in
Northwestern India (Punjab region), United Kingdom, Canada, United States
Punjab region of India
Origins of Sikhism• Began in northern
India in the Punjab • Founded by a guru
named:• Guru Nanak• Spread by nine
later gurus• Began and spread
in the 16th and 17th centuries
Beliefs of Sikhism
Believe in one god called God
All human beings are equal
Meditation Sikhs are to live
honestly and work hard
Share with others
Sikhism - Practices Sikhs practice their faith by
wearing the 5 articles of faith or 5 K’s:Kesh (uncut hair) – do
not cut their hair, wear a turbanKangha (comb) – tucked neatly into hairKara (steel bracelet) – represents good deedsKirpan (sword) – symbolizes the protection of the weakKaccha (soldier’s shorts) – reminds the Sikh for the need for self-restraint
Sikhism - Practices Joining the Khalsa:
This is a committed group of Sikhs Members of the Khalsa wear the
Five K’s There is a special ceremony for
those that choose to join the Khalsa
Sikhism Sacred Writings –
Guru Granth Sahib
Collection of teachings by Guru Nanak and other Gurus along with Sikh, Hindu and Muslim saints
Place of Worship – Gurdwara
Sects/Branches – None
Sikhism Major Holidays/Holy
Days Vaisakhi – Celebrates
the founding of Sikhism and the Khalsa
Diwali – Celebrates a guru’s release from prison
Hola Mohalla – festival of martial arts