Late 19th thand Early 20 Century Steel Making in Germany ...
World Market Usage and Industrial Production - STFC EMS · PDF fileWorld Market Usage and...
Transcript of World Market Usage and Industrial Production - STFC EMS · PDF fileWorld Market Usage and...
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Accelerator Driven Production of Medical Isotopes
World Market Usage and Industrial Production
Presentation at The Cockcroft Institute 8th and 9th Dec 2011
Dewi M. Lewis CERN, and AIPES
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Radioisotope Markets Approx World Market 99Mo 6000 Ci/wk at 6 day Ref >150 M$US Assumes no generators, kits etc 18F as FDG around 2x106/yr ~400 MUS Assumes supply of radiopharmaceutical grade FDG 60Co as Low Spec Ac (LSA) ~120 MUS Assumes selling price of isotope only
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Radionuclides for labelling
99mTc 18F 123I
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Nuclear Medicine Imaging
SPECT PET
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Nuclear Medicine Imaging Procedures
NUCLEAR MEDICINE PROCEDURES
USA 2008 TOTAL 17.3 million
9%
54%
15%
7%
4%
3%
2%
2%
2%
2%
PET All
SPECT cardiac
SPECT bone
SPECT liver
SPECT respiratory
SPECT thyroid
SPECT reanl
SPECT infection
SPECT tumour location
SPECT other
NUCLEAR MEDICINE PROCEDURES
USA 2008
0
5
10
15
20
1
Mill
ions
per
year
Total procedures
Total Tc-99m
TOTAL PET procedures
Total Other radionuclides
Tc-99m PROCEDURES
Tc-99m Cardiolite
Tc-99m MyoView
Tc-99m bone
Tc-99m others
Global markets M$ US
1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
1.E+06
1.E+07
Total h
ealth
care
phar
mac
eutic
als
med
ical diagn
ostic
s an
d de
vice
s
diag
nostic im
aging
nuclea
r med
icine
Rad
ioph
arm
aceu
ticals
Tc-99
m b
ased
age
nts
Mo-
99 G
ener
ator
s
Mo-
99 cos
tsB
$ U
S
22% 1% 0.1% 0.004%
NUCLEAR MEDICINE PROCEDURES
USA 2008 TOTAL 17.3 million
9%
54%
15%
7%
4%
3%
2%
2%
2%
2%
PET All
SPECT cardiac
SPECT bone
SPECT liver
SPECT respiratory
SPECT thyroid
SPECT reanl
SPECT infection
SPECT tumour location
SPECT other
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Market Models 2009 USA Imaging Procedures World Consumption of 99mTc
PET
Other nuclides
Tc-99m
Cardiology
Tc-99m Bone
Tc-99m Other
procedures
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Structure of the 99Mo Industry
Research Reactor
Operators
Suppliers of Radiopharmaceutical
grade 99Mo
Manufacturers of 99mTc/99Mo Generators
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Supplier Dynamics of 99Mo Industry
Australia OPAL ANSTO
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STRUCTURAL INDUSTRY ISSUES FOR 99Mo
1. HEU to LEU conversion requirement
2. Cost recovery problem for irradiations
3. General re-imbursement
4. Additional European reactor capacity – EU
5. Incentives to invest in R&D
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Future Trends for SPECT imaging
1. Large infrastructure of SPECT cameras
2. Forecast increasing demand
3. Increasing use of SPECT/CT cameras
4. Emergence of new detectors with CZT
NUCLEAR MEDECINE CAMERAS IN EUROPE
2009
Courtesy of EANM survey
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
SPECT SPECT/CT PET PET/CT
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Scanner Placements in Europe market estimates
Courtesy of the Petten future Project Group, Holland
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Applications of Accelerators
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Accelerators for medical isotope production
Energy (MeV)
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Industry Vendors Cyclotrons for SPECT radioisotope production
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FDG Procedure Volume
0
150
300
450
600
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Total Examinations
25+% per year
0
125
250
375
500
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
PET PET/CT
15+% per year
PET Scanners Installed
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Avg procedures per scanner
European PET Imaging Industry
0
40
80
120
160
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
COMPANY INSTITUTION
PET Cyclotrons Installed
9+% per year
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PET Cyclotron Installed Base
• Historically, commercial supply were taken from existing cyclotrons in partnership with a host institution
• Number of PET commercial suppliers have relocated away from hospitals or universities to focus on production
Europe Cyclotron coverage
= 2 hour drive times Academic
Commercial
63
74
Academic Commercial
European PET Cyclotron Market 2009
WORLD CYCLOTRONS IN 2009
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
GE Siemens IBA ACSI
Data supplied by Dave Schlyer, Brookhaven
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PET Cyclotron Technology
TargetsAndBeamLineStart.JPGTargetsAndBeamLineStart.JPG
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Cyclotron Targets
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Manufacturing of PET agents Automated PET synthesis - FastLAb - GMP
•Reproducibilty & robustness,
•Ease of use & safety,
•Flexible & multi tracers
•GMP compliant processes
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RadioPharmaceutical Industry SPECT Isotope Production
Company No of Cyclotrons
Europe USA Japan Total
Amersham 5 5 4 14
Tyco/Mallinckrodt 2 3 5
Dupont 6 6
MDS/Nordion 1 2 3
Schering/CIS 2 2
Daiichii 2 2
Theragenics 14 14
Total 46
COMPANY NO OF
CYCLOTRONS
Europe North America Japan Total World
General Electric 3 4 4 11
Covidien 2 3 5
Lantheus 5 5
BEST 1 1
Nordion 2 2
IBA 2 2
FujiFilm 2 2
Theragenics 10 10
TOTALS 8 24 6 38
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CYCLOTRON PRODUCTION
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TYPICAL INDUSTRIAL CYCLOTRON LAYOUT
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KIPROS 120 - 123I Production system Side View (left and right)
Courtesy of Hermann Schweikert, Zyklotron AG
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Radiochemistry, Hot cells, Finishing ops, GMP
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DISTRIBUTION Canadian national strategy for 99mTc
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Stable Isotope Enrichment Some Issues
1. 235U enrichment - the HEU problem
2. 18O enrichment - increasing use for 18F
3. 100Mo production - quantities/quality for 99mTc
4. Metal elements - 201Tl, 68Zn, 112Cd etc
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CURRENT METHODS OF ISOTOPE ENRICHMENT Gaseous Diffusion Electromagnetic Separation
Centrifuge Methods Laser separation
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General Conclusions
Mature industry Advantages for cross disciplinary scientific approaches Longitudinal integration of technology needed Opportunities remain - accelerator lab collaborations Probable requirement for constructing demonstrators No strategic involvement by UK government Increased funding now available by the EU Scope remains for scientific innovation
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Industry Trends
1. Development of PET imaging with 18F
2. Global crisis of 99Mo Production for SPECT imaging a) Potential use of cyclotrons for 99mTc b) alternative accelerator-driven methods
3. Increasing use of 123I for SPECT imaging
4. Development of very small cyclotrons
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THANK YOU