Woodfibre LNG Marine Shipping August 6th, 2014 · 2019. 8. 7. · • There are more than 400 LNG...
Transcript of Woodfibre LNG Marine Shipping August 6th, 2014 · 2019. 8. 7. · • There are more than 400 LNG...
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Woodfibre LNG Marine Shipping August 6th, 2014
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• The Project
• LNG shipping
o History
o Track record
o Regulations
o Vessel design
o Environment
o Shipping routes
o LNG facilities near urban centres
• Discussion
Agenda
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Project
1. Natural gas pre-treatment and liquefaction plant
2. Flare 3. Floating storage and offloading
(FSO) unit 4. Module load-in quay 5. Supporting infrastructure
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Small scale LNG processing & export facility • Approx. 2.1 million tonnes of LNG per year
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A brief history – LNG shipping
1959 “Methane Pioneer” Converted to LNGC
1964 “Methane Princess” & “Methane Progress”
1969 First exports of LNG from Alaska to Japan
1982 Japan imports 72% of global LNG for power generation
1991 First LNG shipments from Australia to Japan and South Korea
2009 Canaport imports Canada’s first LNG in Saint John
2013 US and Canada projects seek to export LNG
Source: Helderline.nl
Source: Helderline.nl
Source: Calum McClure
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• From 1964 - 2012, there have been more than 140,000 LNG carrier voyages
• There are more than 400 LNG carriers in the world, with an additional 100 on order
• There has never been an LNG spill as a result of a loss of LNG containment of an LNG carrier
Safety track record
Source: Royal Dutch Shell
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• International Maritime Organization (IMO) specialized agency with responsibility for:
o Safety and security of shipping: SOLAS
o Prevention of marine pollution: MARPOL
• International Gas Code (IGC) for Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk
• Classification Society rules and requirements cover Design, Construction, and Operation against SOLAS and MARPOL
• Port State control through Transport Canada
• Training (legislative and non legislative)
International regulations for LNG carriers
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Canadian shipping regulations
• Canada Shipping Act regulates domestic and international vessels operating in Canadian waters
• Key legislative objectives of the Act are:
o Protect the health and well-being of individuals involved in the shipping industry
o Promote safety in marine transportation
o Protect the marine environment
o Establish an effective compliance promotion program
• The regulator for shipping in Canada is Transport Canada
• All vessels transiting will meet the Canada Shipping Act requirements
Source: Transport Canada
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• Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators (SIGTTO)
• Established in 1964 with membership from terminal operators and shipping companies
• The organization provides a means through which all industry participants may: • share experiences
• address common problems
• develop best practices
• define standards
• Provides a basis for recommended design requirements and operational practices for both terminals and ships
Industry bodies & best practices - SIGTTO
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• In the aftermath of 9-11, the US Government commissioned Sandia National Laboratories (2004, 2008 and 2011) to study a worst case scenario involving an LNG carrier
• The objective is to ensure that an extreme event is analyzed with a view to further improve the safety of the LNG industry
• The study simulated, in controlled conditions, a major spill caused by a terrorist attack or other event and then measured possible effects
o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQ1RsirstDo&feature=youtu.be
• The results of the study are used by the industry to further improve the safety and integrity of the LNG industry
Safety is the number one priority
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Transport Canada - TERMPOL Process
Woodfibre LNG will complete a voluntary Transport Canada Technical Review Process of Marine Terminal Systems and Transshipment Sites (TERMPOL) for the project
• Program managed by Transport Canada and a committee of select government agencies and interested bodies e.g., BC Coast Pilots
• Comprehensive risk assessment process to ensure safety of vessel transits from terminal to open ocean
• Transit simulations and detailed studies
• Process takes approximately 6 – 12 months to complete
• Recommendations to improve safety and minimize risk are adopted into the project
• Detailed safety procedures and emergency response plans are developed
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Carrier design – relative sizes
Moss LNG Carrier Length: 285m Draft: 11.5m Height: 58m
Membrane LNG Carrier Length: 294m Draft: 11.5m Height: 57m
Large Container Ship (Sofie Maersk) Length: 347m Draft: 14m
Cruise Ship Length: 294m Draft: 8.2m Height: 62m
BC Ferries (Coastal Celebration) Length: 160m Draft: 5.7m
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• Double hull cargo tanks and fuel tanks
• Four or five cargo tanks at ambient pressure
• Containment systems meet IGC code design requirements
• Moss – Type B tanks
• Membrane Tanks
LNG Carrier design
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LNG carrier design – features • Capacity is about 160,000m3 for standard vessels
• LNG Vessels are highly sophisticated costing in excess of $200M USD per vessel.
• High levels of redundancy are provided:
• Propulsion
• Electrical
• Cargo handling systems
• Transfer of cargo is undertaken with highly specialized loading arms connected to
the vessel and completed in about 20 hours from connection
• Ship to shore link – three (3) independent systems to integrate safety systems
• Quick shutoff
• Quick disconnect to enable the vessel to depart the berth in an emergency
• Integrated Automation System ensures extensive alarm and monitoring systems
• Firefighting capability onboard the vessel and on the terminal
• Operating crew of about 24 people onboard
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LNG carrier operations
• Extensive regulations for operations onshore and onboard the vessel • Regulated competency requirements for crew and onshore personnel • Ships crew are regularly trained and evaluated for competence • State of the art simulators enable crew to manage navigational
situations and complete training exercises • Comprehensive training for engineers and cargo operators
Source: Teekay
Source: Maritime Executive
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Natural Gas vs Diesel • Natural gas will be the primary fuel of LNG carriers in Howe Sound • Using natural gas instead of diesel to fuel LNG carriers reduces GHG emissions
by about 25% • Estimated emissions in tonnes for Howe Sound round trip: Ballast water • Ballast water exchange must be completed at deep sea, >200 Nm offshore,
prior to vessels arrival • Future marine legislation will require ballast water to be treated
LNG carriers - environment
Note: upper limit CO2 percentage is taken from 2010 DNV The age of LNG is here, other percentages come from 2009 IMO Second IMO GHG study.
Natural Gas Low Sulphur Diesel
CO2 95 130
NOX 1.0 1.7
SOX 0 1.0
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Coastal shipping route
Tethered Tugs for loaded passage
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Howe Sound shipping route
• Vessels will be escorted in Howe Sound
• Tugs, with firefighting equipment onboard, will support the berthing operations and remain during loading
• Sophisticated assisted docking and mooring monitoring systems
• Vessel will be at manoeuvring speed about 8 – 10 knots during transit
• Insignificant wake generated by vessels < 10cm at 50m
• Noise will be negligible due to low speed and power (approx. 30% of installed power)
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Coast transit
Route In bound Outbound
Distance 172 nm 169 nm
Transit Time 14 – 15 hours 14 – 15 hours
Time in Canadian Waters Approx. 57 hours per round trip
Increase in traffic (English Bay) to Ocean
<1%
Increase in traffic (Howe Sound) Approx. 62% increase However, 10% less activity than when Woodfibre Pulp Mill was operational
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LNG facilities near urban centres
Higashi-Ohgishima LNG Terminal, Tokyo
Image Source: Obayashi.co.jp2
Higashi-Ohgishima LNG Terminal
Capacity1 15.57 mtpa
Start-up1 1984
Type Regas Terminal
Status1 Operational
Nearest City Tokyo, Japan
City Population8 35,682,460
Ship Frequency NA
Higashi – Ohgishima LNG
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LNG facilities near urban centres
Futtsu LNG Terminal, Tokyo Bay, Japan
Image Source: lngworldnews.com3
Futtsu LNG Terminal
Capacity1 20.24 mtpa
Start-up1 1985
Type Regas Terminal
Status1 Operational
Nearest City Tokyo, Japan
City Population8 35,682,460
Ship Frequency NA
Futtsu LNG
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LNG facilities near urban centres
Barcelona LNG Terminal, Spain
Image Source: shipspotting.com4
Barcelona LNG Terminal
Capacity1 13.31 mtpa
Start-up1 1969
Type Regas Terminal
Status1 Operational
Nearest City Barcelona, Spain
City Population8 4,604,000
Ship Frequency NA
Barcelona LNG
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LNG facilities near urban centres
Zeebrugge LNG Terminal, Belgium
Image Source: kingspantarec.com5
Zeebrugge LNG Terminal
Capacity1 6.62 mtpa
Start-up1 1987
Type Regas Terminal
Status1 Operational
Nearest City Bruges, Belgium
City Population8 117,170
Ship Frequency NA
Zeebrugge LNG
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LNG facilities near urban centres
Everett LNG Terminal, USA
Image Source: Reuters7
Everett LNG Terminal
Capacity1 5.44 mtpa
Start-up 1971
Type Regas Terminal
Status1 Operational, but inactive
Nearest City Boston, United States
City Population8 4,180,000
Ship Frequency 60 ships in 20096
Everett
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Summary
• LNG shipping has one of the highest safety record in the maritime industry
• Safety performance is maintained through stringent regulatory
regime, strict design requirements, robust operational practices, and training
• Vessels are regularly inspected by regulators and port state inspection authorities, i.e. Transport Canada • Marine safety and navigational risk will be comprehensively
addressed through the TERMPOL process