LNG StorageChemical Gas StorageLiquefaction PlantsGas Processing Package Plants

Recondensers in LNG Import Terminals

Nov. 2009

by

R.Brannock, W.H.Isalski, P. Van den Bossche

Company Structure

2

GASFIN Investment SA Luxembourg

CIMCGroup

Shenzhen, P.R. China

TGE Gas Engineering GmbHBonn, Germany

40% 60%

CIMC TGE Gas Investment SA Luxembourg

Sep. 2010

CIMC China International Marine Containers (Group)

Founded 1980 in Shenzhen. Listed in Shenzhen Stock Exchange since 1994.

Main shareholders: COSCO, China Merchants Holdings.

Over 100 subsidiaries.

More than 47,000 employees worldwide.

Products and Services

Containers including dry van, reefer, tankand special containers.

Vehicles and road transportation equipments.

Chemical, beverages and food equipmentsincluding tanks, reactors and machineries.

Marine and offshore fabrication.

Airport equipment including passengerboarding bridges, automatic air cargohandling systems and automatic parkingsystems.

2008 Financial Data (in Euro)

Annual Sales 4.824 billion

Total Profit 0.196 billion

Net Profit 0.143 billion

Currency Conversion: 1 Euro = 9.81 RMB

CIMC Group Companies

3

Sep. 2010

Yantai Raffles Shipyard (51%)

Offshore and marine construction specialist.

Main office in Singapore.

Burg Industries (80% )

Semi-trailers, truck bodies and road tankers.

Process and storage tanks.

Main office in Pijnacker, The Netherlands.

CIMC Enric / CIMC Sanctum (100%)

Storage, transportation and dispensing products for cryogenic liquids and compressed gases.

Process equipments such as vaporizers, compressors, vessels, columns, reactors.

Main office in Shenzhen, P.R. China.

CIMC Group Companies

4

Sep. 2010

TGE Marine Gas Engineering

Design and Supply of cargo handlingsystems and cargo tanks for gas carriersand offshore units for LNF, LEG, LPG andCO2.

Ship Designs for all kinds of gas carriers.

Floating storage and production barges.

More than 25 years of experience andmore than 100 gas carrier contracts.

Main office in Bonn, Germany.

Air LNG

Conception and Development of specificLNG solution alternatives for transpor-tation systems on air, ground and water.

Creates project proposals of conclusiveecological LNG service capacity.

Main office in Bonn, Germany.

GASFIN and Associated Companies

5

Sep. 2010

Office Locations

Brussels

New Delhi

LisbonLjublijana

Teheran

Manchester Bonn

Shanghai

Taipei

Cairo

Manchester

Bonn Shanghai

Taipei

Head / Main Office

Branch Office

Representation

New Delhi

Brussels

6

Sep. 2010

Important Business Milestones

7

Sep. 2010

Man Power

Project / Construction Management

18%

Project Control

8%

QHSE / Document

Control6%

Project Engineering

8%Process /

HSE Design18%

Storage Tanks5%

Equipment / Package & Valves

8%

Electrical & Instrumentation

14%Piping & Structural9%

Civil1%

Procurement / Expediting

5%

TGE employs more than 320 engineers and specialists worldwide of more than 20 different nationalities.

8

Sep. 2010

TGE Business areas.

9

Nov. 2009

LPG & petrochemical gas terminalsLNG Import TerminalsLNG Export terminals including liquefactionGas Processing.Packages Plants ....Re-condensers

Recondensers in LNG Import Terminals

What are they there for?

Location in the terminal

Recondenser Design

Alternative Uses

Process Intensification Methods

10

Nov. 2009

Recondensers: What and Why

What...

Pressure vessel fitted with various internals

Why....

Eliminate venting or flaring of BOG

Economic absorption of boil-off gas

Allows contact between LNG and BOG

Allows buffering of LNG between LP and HP export systems

11

Nov. 2009

BOG Generation

Pumping energy

Ship unloading Flash gas

Displacement of gas in tanks

Heat Ingress Equipment – tanks, arms, vessels

Piping

Truck Loading

12

Nov. 2009

BOG Flowrates

The BOG flowrate is affected by the location, design and operation of the terminal

Unloading operation

Gas export rate

Ambient conditions - heat and solar radiation

Insulation quality

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Nov. 2009

Typical Arrangement of Import LNG Terminal

Import jetty with unloading Arms

Transfer lines – liquid unloading, vapour return

LNG Storage(s)

Boil-off gas Recovery and Compression

Boil-off gas Recondensation

HP LNG Pumping

LNG Vaporisation

Export gas – odorisation ,metering and send-out

Truck Loading Facilities

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Nov. 2009

Typical Arrangement of Import LNG Terminal

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Nov. 2009

Typical Arrangement of Import LNG Terminal

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Nov. 2009

FUTURE

FUTURE

FUTURE

ORV

ORV

SCV

GAS

METERING

&

EXPORT

FUTURE

BOG

ABSORPTION

& HP PUMPING

BOG COMPRESSION

3 MACHINES

SHIP

UNLOADING

TRUCK

LOADING

Recondenser

Only processing part in an LNG import terminal

Links batch unloading/storage operation to the continuous export operation

Must exhibit very high flexibility

High availability

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Nov. 2009

Recondenser Design

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Nov. 2009

Recondenser Features

Two diameter vessel for economic design

Upper section includes: LNG and BOG distribution

Packed upper section for condensation

Lower section includes: Liquid calming zone

Liquid mixing devices

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Nov. 2009

Boil-off Gas Handling

BOG generated by heat input to the system Production of vapour as LNG boils

Collects in tank vapour space

Connection via BOG heater to BOG compressors

Large variation in BOG rates Typically 2-20 tonnes/hour

As large as 60 tonnes/hour

Composition mainly methane and nitrogen Up to 30% nitrogen

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Nov. 2009

BOG Compressors

Reciprocating Compressor (typically 2-3)

Multistage machines with capacity control Tank pressure variation is slow

Feed forward control to the re-condenser

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Nov. 2009

Recondenser Design

BOG can be readily absorbed in LNG above 2 barg

LNG is saturated liquid in storage tanks

LNG is sub-cooled after pumping capable of absorbing BOG without

change in phase

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Nov. 2009

Recondenser Function

Absorb gas BOG

Nitrogen

Absorption is undertaken in specific height of packing

Provide liquid buffer capacity for HP LNG pumps

Provide a uniform export LNG/gas mixture

Provide adequate NPSH for HP LNG pumps

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Nov. 2009

Alternative Uses of Recondensers

BOG Condensation

Wobbe adjustment Increased – addition of propane

Decreased - addition of nitrogen as liquid or gas

Wide range of LNG compositions

Acceptable gas calorific value varies worldwide

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Nov. 2009

Multi-function Recondenser

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Nov. 2009

Multi-function Recondenser

Absorption of MP BOG

Absorption of LP BOG Use of gas ejector

HP motive gas

Absorption of nitrogen

Printed circuit heat exchanger to enhance BOG absorption capacity

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Nov. 2009

Multi Function Recondenser

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Nov. 2009

Case Absorber

Pressure, barg

LNG/Gas

mass Ratio

Remarks Kg/hr of Gas

Absorbed

LP BOG Gas 6 -7 <7 Ejector operation 12500

MP Gas 6-7 ~ 7 3 running BOG compressors 52000

Nitrogen 6-7 4 - 5 There is even greater capability to

absorb when raining the operating

pressure of the recondenser.

13500

Process Intensification Methods

Reduction in Size Lower residence times for LNG

Bypass Design Reduction in size by bypassing the cold LP LNG flow

Full flow design All LNG flows through the vessel

Radical schemes BOG cooling followed by mixing device, and sump vessel

Not yet implemented

Counter Current Absorption

OR.....

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Nov. 2009

Summary

OR....

Use a conventional co-current recondenser

LNG Industry is conservative

Recondenser relatively low cost, compared to high revenues for export

Tried and tested methods Prevail

29

Nov. 2009

Acknowledgements

All at TGE Gas Engineering

GASTECH Organisation

30

Jan. 2011

Creating the future with engineering