Women, Mental Health, and HIV · 2018. 3. 18. · What is Mental Health? • Refers to emotional,...
Transcript of Women, Mental Health, and HIV · 2018. 3. 18. · What is Mental Health? • Refers to emotional,...
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Women,MentalHealth,andHIV
Together,wecanchangethecourseoftheHIVepidemic…onewomanatatime.
#onewomanatatime #thewellprojectwww.thewellproject.org
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WhatisMentalHealth?
• Referstoemotional,psychological,socialwell-being• Affectsthewaypeoplethink,feel,act• Helpsdeterminehowpeoplehandlestress,relatetoothers,makechoices
• Goodmentalhealthisasenseofwell-being,confidence,self-esteem
• Mentalhealthproblemscanchangehowwellpeoplefunctionatwork/home
www.thewellproject.org
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MentalHealthandHIV
• ForpeoplelivingwithHIV(PLWH),mentalhealthproblemscanaffectphysicalhealth;can– MakeithardertotakeHIVmedicationsontime– Makeithardertokeepappointments/takeadvantageofsupportnetwork
– Interferewithhealthybehaviors– Impairabilitytocopewiththestressesofdailylife
• PLWH athigherrisktodevelopmood,anxiety,cognitivedisorders– Conditionsaretreatable– Peoplewhoexperiencementalhealthproblemscangetbetterandmanyrecovercompletely!!
www.thewellproject.org
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WhatIsDepression?
Beingdepressed:Whensomeonefeelsdown,sad,blue,unhappy,hopelessTheseareallnormalfeelings;almosteveryone experiencesthemsometimes
Ifthesefeelingsbecomeoverpowering,disabling,or
long-lasting,theymaybeasignofdepression
www.thewellproject.org
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WhatIsDepression?
• Comparedtosadness,depressionis:– Moreintense– Lastslonger(morethan2weeks)– Interfereswithyourday-to-dayabilitytofunction– Adiagnosisbasedonhavingcertain#ofspecificsymptoms– NotanormalpartoflivingwithHIV– Cancausesomeserioushealthproblems
• Consulthealthcareproviderif:– Showingsymptomsofdepression(nextslide)– Unsureiffeelingsyouareexperiencingarenormal
www.thewellproject.org
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SomeSymptomsofDepression
• Changesinappetiteorweight,and/orsleepingpatterns• Achesorpainsfornoclearreason• Episodesofcryingfornoclearreason• Feelingsadness,guilt,hopelessness,worthlessness• Irritability;gettingintoargumentseasily• Lackofpleasureinactivitiesthatusuallyinterestyou• Lowsexdrive• Difficultymakingdecisionsorconcentrating• Fatigueorlossofenergy• Thoughtsofharmingoneselforcommittingsuicide
www.thewellproject.org
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SomeSymptomsofDepression
• Nottakingcareofyourselfintermsofgrooming,dressing,andpersonalhygiene
• Skippingornotgoingtowork,callinginsick• Beingverycriticalanddownonyourself• Nottalkingtoorgoingoutwithfriends• Notjoiningyourusualsocialactivitiesorhobbies• Cryingorfeelinglikecryingmoreoftenthannormal– Oftenwithoutknowingwhy
• Usingmorealcoholorotherrecreationaldrugs– Sometimessubstanceusehidesdepression (self-medicating)
www.thewellproject.org
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WomenandDepression
Womenare2xaslikelytobedepressedthanmen –possiblydueto:• Burdenmanywomenbearasprimarycaregiver• Havinglesshouseholdincome,education,socialsupport
• Stronglinkbetweendepressionandviolenceagainstwomen(physical,sexual,oremotional)
• Depressionalsolinkedtoincreasingyoungwomen'sriskofgettingHIV
www.thewellproject.org
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DepressioninWomenLivingwithHIV
WomenlivingwithHIV(WLHIV)evenmorelikelytosufferfromdepression• GettinganHIVdiagnosisislife-changing;canbedifficulttohearandaccept;somemayfeel:– Overwhelmed,helpless,unabletocopewithanHIVdiagnosis
– Afraidforfuturehealth,disclosingHIVstatustofriends,family
• ThestigmathatmanywomenlivingwithHIVexperiencemayleadtosocialisolationandloneliness
• Allthesefeelingsarekeyelementsofdepressionwww.thewellproject.org
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DepressioninWLHIV
• ManywomenlivingwithHIVexperienceotherlargelifestressorsthatcanleadtodepression:– Racialdiscrimination– Poverty– Violence– Singleparenthood
• HIVitselfmaycontributedirectlytodepression– PeoplelivingwithHIV(PLHIV)whohaveHIVincerebral-spinalfluidthatsurroundstheirbrainandspinalcordarealmost5xmorelikelytoexperiencenew-onsetdepression
www.thewellproject.org
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DepressionandOlderWLHIV
AsHIVtreatmentshaveimproved,moreandmoreolderwomenarelivingwithHIV• Growingolderofteninvolvesitsownlifechallengesthatcanleadtofeelingsofsadnessordepression:– Chronicdisease– Disability– Lossoflovedones
• Onestudyshowedthatmorethan6in10WLHIVages50- 76yearsold sufferedfromdepression
www.thewellproject.org
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DepressionCanCauseSeriousProblems
StudiesshowdirectconnectionbetweendepressionandpoorerhealthforthoselivingwithHIVWLHIVwhoaredepressed:• SeekHIVcarelessoften• HavemoretroublestickingwiththeirHIVdrugregimens• Havemorerapiddiseaseprogression• Maymissdrugdoses,takewrongdose,ordoseatwrongtime• NottakingHIVdrugsregularlycanleadtothedevelopmentof
resistance,leadingCD4counttodropand/orviralloadtogoup
www.thewellproject.org
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GettingHelpCanMakeaBigDifference
• Onestudyshowedriskofdeathcutinhalfforthosewomenwhomadecontactwithamentalhealthprovider
• Importantthatdepressionbediagnosedandtreatedasquicklyaspossible toavoidseriousproblems
www.thewellproject.org
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TreatmentOptions
Thegoodnewsisthatdepressionistreatable• Whileitistruethatdepressioncangetbetteronitsown,thiscantakemonthsorevenyears
• TreatmentwilllikelyshortenthetimeittakestofeelbetterandmayhelpwithadherencetoHIVdrugs
• Treatingdepressioncanhelpfromlosingajob,arelationship,orevenone’slife
www.thewellproject.org
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Psychotherapy
• Variousmentalhealthprofessionalscanprovidepsychotherapy• Talkingtoatrainedprofessionalaboutwhatyouare
experiencing• Therapistprovidessupport,helpsyouunderstandwhatis
troublingyou• Mostpsychotherapyoccursone-on-one;grouptherapycanalso
behelpfulforsome• InU.S.,mentalhealthprofessionalswhoprovidepsychotherapy
includepsychologists,psychiatrists,socialworkers,marriageandfamilytherapists,mentalhealthcounselors
www.thewellproject.org
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AntidepressantMedications
• Oftenprescribedfordepressionoranxiety• Manyantidepressantandanti-anxietydrugscaninteractwithsomeHIVdrugs– Talktoyourproviderbeforestartinganynewmedications– GenerallysafesttypeofantidepressantsforusewithHIVdrugsisselectiveserotoninre-uptakeinhibitors(SSRIs):• Celexa (citalopram),Lexapro(escitalopram),Luvox(fluvoxamine),Prozac(fluoxetine),Paxil(paroxetine),andZoloft(sertraline)
– DONOTtakeSt.John'sWort(popularherbalantidepressant)• Affectsimmunesystem;interactswithmanyHIVdrugs
www.thewellproject.org
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GetCheckedandTreatedforDepression
• Ifexperiencingsymptomsofdepression:– Talktoprovider– Askforreferraltoseeamentalhealthprofessional– Canimproveyourhealth,qualityoflife,includingadherence
• Whilesomedon’tbelieveinmentalhealthcare,problemsorinjuriesrequiretreatment,whethertheyarephysicalormental– Whenweexperienceemotionaldifficulty,thereisnoneedtosufferwheneffectivetreatmentisavailable
www.thewellproject.org
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StressManagement
• Everyonedealswithacertainamountofstress• ForWLHIV,stresscanbecomeoverwhelming– Highstresscandamageyourimmunesystem, causephysical/emotionalillnesses
– ResearchshowsstresscanspeedupprogressionofHIV
www.thewellproject.org
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PhysicalSignsofStress
• Allergies• Changeinappetite• Backpain• Highbloodpressure• Shortnessofbreath• Chestpain• Clammyhands• Morecoldsthannormal• Constipation• Diarrhea
• Dizziness• Fatigue• Headaches• Racingheartbeat• Muscletension• Nightmares• Rashes• Restlessness• Sleepingproblems• Stomachacheswww.thewellproject.org
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EmotionalandBehavioralSignsofStress
Emotional• Anger• Anxiety• Denialofaproblem• Difficultymakingdecisions• Loneliness• Nervousness• Feelingpowerless• Feelingrejected• Feelingtrapped• Feelingunhappyfornoreason• Beingeasilyupset• Worryingfrequently
Behavioral• Increasingalcohol,tobacco,druguse• Nottendingtophysicalappearance• Arguingwithfriendsorfamily• Avoidingtasksandresponsibilities• Difficultyconcentrating• Cryingeasily• Beinglatetowork• Eatingtoomuchornotenough• Snappingatpeople• WatchingmoreTV• Withdrawingfromfamily/friends
www.thewellproject.org
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DecreasingStress
• Whileyoumaynotbeabletoremoveyourstressors,rememberthatyouarehumanandunderstandyouneedhelp
• Makealistof:– Areasinwhichyoufeeloverwhelmedandneedhelp
–Whoorwhatcanhelp– Howtogetavailableservices
www.thewellproject.org
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FindingHelp
• Medicalservices• Counseling/psychological
help• Childcare• Taxirides• Buspasses• Acupuncture• Yogaclasses
• Communitycollegeclasses• Massage• Supportgroups• Datingservicesforpeople
livingwithHIV• Freecomputers• Legalservices• Drugandalcoholprograms
www.thewellproject.org
Freeorlowcostservicesthatcanhelpwithstressinclude:
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SocialSupport
• Forallareasofmentalhealth,itmayalsobehelpfultoseeksupportofotherWLHIV– Supportgroups– Peercounseling– TheWellProject’sonlineblogforwomenlivingwithHIV,AGirlLikeMe
• SocialsupportfromfriendsandfamilyhasbeenfoundtohelppeoplewithHIVavoiddepression,copebetter– Friendsandfamilycanalsoprovideemotionalsupport
www.thewellproject.org
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OtherTreatment
• Meditation,massage,yoga,breathing,relaxationexercisescanhelpwithmentalhealth,depression,stress
• Acupunctureandacupressuretherapiesmayhelpreducestress,improvemood
• Mindfulnesstechniquesmayhelpyougetbackintouchwithwhatmakeslifeworthliving– Somehavebeencombinedwithtraditionalpsychotherapy,shownveryeffective(e.g.,mindfulness-basedcognitivetherapy)
• Goodnutritionandphysicalactivityarebeneficial,nomatterwhichtreatmentsarechosen
www.thewellproject.org
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• Tolearnmore,andforlinkstoarticlesfeaturingmoredetails,pleasereadthefullfactsheet:– Depression,Women,andHIV– StressManagement
• FormorefactsheetsandtoconnecttoourcommunityofwomenlivingwithHIV,visit:– www.thewellproject.org– www.facebook.com/thewellproject– www.twitter.com/thewellproject
www.thewellproject.org
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