Women in Europe
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Transcript of Women in Europe
Wome n i n We s t e r n Eur ope
AP Wo r l d Hi s t o r y
Mr . Da n Mc Do we l l
We s t Hi l l s Hi g h S c h o o l
Ear l y Mode r n Er a
• Ge n d e r r o l e s o n f a r m, b u t wo ma n ’ s wo r k i n t e g r a l p a r t o f f a r m l i f e
• Ed u c a t i o n e x p a n d s , mo s t g i r l s l e f t b e h i n d Wr i t i n g “ d a n g e r o u s ” f o r g i r l s “ An e l o q u e n t wo ma n i s n e v e r c h a s t e ”
• S p r e a d o f Pr o t e s t a n t i s m i n Eu r o p e , Ne w Wo r l d No r o l e f o r wo me n , c o n s i d e r e d a
“ h e l p me e t ” F a mi l y l i f e , n u c l e a r f a mi l y i d e a l i z e d
Pol i t i c al Re vol ut i ons
• En l i g h t e n me n t i d e a s i n s p i r e d wo me n t o s e e k e q u a l i t y i n t h e i r l i v e s
• Ma r y Wo l l s t o n e c r a f t – wo me n e q u a l t o me n , r i g h t t o e d u c a t i o n – ma k e t h e m b e t t e r c o n t r i b u t o r s t o s o c i e t y , mo t h e r s
• Wo me n a c t i v e l y s u p p o r t e d Ame r i c a n a n d F r e n c h Re v o l u t i o n s
Pol i t i c al Re vol ut i ons
• De c l a r a t i o n o f t h e Ri g h t s o f Wo me n - Ol y mp e De Go u g e s
• F r e n c h Re v . g a v e s o me r i g h t s t o wo me n , b u t n o t v o t e , e q u a l i t y – s c a l e d b a c k b y Na p o l e o n
• No c h a n g e i n Ame r i c a
The Mode r n Er a and I ndus t r i al i z at i on
Lowe r Cl as s
• Ea r l y i n d u s t r i a l i z a t i o n wo me n h i r e d f r e q u e n t l y – c o n s i d e r e d l e s s v a l u a b l e , “ h e l p me e t ”
• Le s s s k i l l s n e e d e d = mo r e wo me n h i r e d
• I n Br i t a i n b y 1 9 1 0 , wo me n = 1 /3 o f wo r k f o r c e
• Do me s t i c wo r k o t h e r a l t e r n a t i v e , v e r y wi d e s p r e a d , b u t n o t r e p r e s e n t e d i n s t a t i s t i c s – wh y ?
• Hi g h e r s k i l l e d j o b s , p h y s i c a l l y s t r e n u o u s j o b s , s u p e r v i s o r j o b s g i v e n t o me n
Lowe r Cl as s - Home Li f e
• Wo r k i n g c l a s s wo me n h a d t o wo r k a l l d a y a n d t h e n g o h o me t o t a k e c a r e o f t h e k i d s
• Wo r k i n g c l a s s f a mi l i e s h a d 6 c h i l d r e n o n a v e r a g e , 3 5 % h a d 8 o r mo r e
• Me n g a t h e r e d i n p u b s a wa y f r o m h o me
Lowe r Cl as s
Mi ddl e Cl as s
• Mi d d l e Cl a s s i n c r e a s e s s i g n i f i c a n t l y wi t h I R
• Un i o n s f o c u s e d o n a “ f a mi l y wa g e ”
• Me n b e g a n s e e i n g s t a y - a t - h o me wi v e s a s s y mb o l o f s u c c e s s
• Mo t h e r h o o d wa s t h e i r n a t u r a l c a l l i n g
Mi ddl e Cl as s
“Cul t of dome s t i c i t y”
• I s o l a t e d a t h o me , d u t i e s ma r g i n a l i z e – ma n y h a d d o me s t i c s e r v a n t s
• Mo v e f r o m p r o d u c e r t o c o n s u me r• Wo me n i n c h a r g e o f mo r a l v a l u e s
a n d s t a n d a r d s• Ha d t o i n s t i l l t h e s e i n t o
c h i l d r e n a n d l e a d mo r a l l i v e s – ma k e u p f o r me n
Suf f r age
• Wo me n s e e k v o t e i n d e mo c r a c i e s i n 1 9 t h a n d 2 0 t h c e n t u r i e s
• Ma n y wo me n i n v o l v e d i n a n t i - s l a v e r y mo v e me n t , t h o u g h t r i g h t s wo u l d a l s o b e t r a n s f e r r e d t o wo me n
• S e n e c a F a l l s Co n v e n t i o n , 1 8 4 8
Suf f r age
• 1 5 t h Ame n d me n t g r a n t e d v o t i n g r i g h t s t o me n
• Ex t r e me o p p o s i t i o n
• Ea r l y 1 9 0 0 s s e e v o t i n g r i g h t s g i v e n t o wo me n t h r o u g h o u t We s t e r n Eu r o p e , Ame r i c a