Wk 5 Carnivora part 4 (notes) - · PDF file2 Northern(Raccoon(•...
Transcript of Wk 5 Carnivora part 4 (notes) - · PDF file2 Northern(Raccoon(•...
1
Ringtail • Bassariscus astutus (Procyonidae)
• 24-‐32” long • Tail 12-‐17”
• 1.75-‐2.5 lbs. • Narrow fox-‐face • Large ears • Large eyes • Yellowish-‐gray above
• Buff/off-‐white underside • Long bushy tail
• AlternaKng bands of black and white
• Habitat • Rocky slopes, cliffs, canyons
• OQen in the sparse trees found there
• May be found up to 9000’ • Den
• Cavity in rock pile, or small cave • Possibly under log
Ringtail • Range
• SW corner of Oregon • Siskiyou Mountains • South along Sierras • Southern Rocky Mountains • Southern U.S. from Louisiana to
Arizona • South through Mexico
• Feeding • Omnivorous
• Insects, small mammals, repKles, amphibians, bird eggs, nestlings, carrion, fruit
• ReproducKon (fyi) • Breed Feb-‐March • Born May-‐July
• 1-‐5 per li`er • Weaned aQer 1 month • Disperse early winter
Ringtail • Track
• 5 toes on each foot • No claws showing • No long heel print
• Hard to find • Dry and oQen rocky habitat
• Maybe in dust on the floor of dry, shallow caves or on sheltered ledges
• 1–2 3/4” x 2" (50 mm) • Cat-‐like
• Except fore-‐print shows extra pad just behind the main one
• Scat (fyi) • Usually elongated and cylindrical
• great variaKon • In dry habitat, tends to crumble. • Frequently contains fragments of
insect prey
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Northern Raccoon • Procyon lotor (Procyonidae)
• 26-‐38” long • Tail 7.5-‐16”
• 12-‐31 lbs. • Blackish to brownish gray
• LighKsh gray-‐brown underneath
• Bushy tail • 4-‐6 alternaKng black rings
on yellowish background • Black mask over eyes
• White eyebrows • White snout
• Habitat • Near streams, lakes, ponds
• Woodlands • Towns… your house
• Den • Hollow tree, rock crevice
Northern Raccoon • Range
• All of U.S. into southern Canada • Except extreme SW U.S.
• All of Mexico • Feeding
• Fruits, nuts, insects, clams, frogs, fish, eggs, young birds, rodents • Fa`ens up for winter
• ReproducKon (fyi) • Breed late winter-‐early spring • Born late spring
• 2-‐7 per li`er • Nightly forays at about 1
month • Some disperse fall
• Others in spring when new li`er arrives
• Track • Hand-‐shaped • 2 to 3 inches across • Five finger-‐like toes
• OQen register small claws • Asymmetrical
• innermost toe is smallest and further towards the rear of the foot than other toes • allows leQ and right tracks to be differenKated
• Foot pad roughly C-‐shaped • Front tracks have longer toes
• more spread apart • Hind feet oQen show larger palm and heel pad
• Scat (fyi) • Ommivorous
• Variable in color, consistency, and shape • OQen found at base of trees which they climb and use for resKng • Drier foods tubular with blocky ends
• diameter ~3/8” • CauKon! Can contain parasiKc roundworms
• If inhaled, can be lethal
Northern Raccoon
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American Black Bear • Ursus americanus (Ursidae)
• 4 ½’ -‐ 6’ long • Tail 3 -‐ 7”
• 3 -‐ 3 ¼’ tall at shoulder • 88 -‐ 595 lbs. • Typically solid black
• May be brown, honey, cinnamon • Fairly long and shaggy
• Thick short powerful legs • Long curved sharp claws
• 1.5.2” • Habitat
• Forests, especially remote montane regions • Den
• Used only in winter • Small cave, hollow tree, under fallen log,
root wad • SoQens with grass
• Doesn’t eat, drink, eliminate while in den
• Range • Historically -‐ Nearly all of Canada, south
through most of U.S. except SW • Into northern Mexico
• Current – SKll in most of Canada but reduced to mountains only in U.S./Mexico
• Feeding • 95% plant material
• Leaves, buds, flower, berries, fruits, roots
• Some insects, fish, small hoofed mammals, carrion
• ReproducKon (fyi) • Mate June-‐July
• Delayed implantaKon unKl denning in Nov.
• Number implanted depends on health of sow
• 1-‐5 (avg 2-‐3) born Jan • Disperse at just over 1 year
American Black Bear
American Black Bear • Track
• Large – 4x5” front w/claws • 4x6” hind w/o claws
• 5 toes each paw • Claws more evident on fore-‐
print • Hind includes heel print • Slightly pigeon toed
• Scat (fyi) • Large (~8x8” pile), ~1-‐1.5”
diameter, segmented, round ends, typically full of plant ma`er
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Brown/Grizzly Bear
U. a. horribilis
• Ursus arctos • 6 – 8 ½’ long
• Tail 3 – 7” • 3 – 4’ at shoulder • 240 – 1160 lbs. • Typically brown to yellowish with white-‐
Kpped guard hairs (grizzly) • May be black to nearly white
• Small eyes, round ears • Large shoulder hump • Long claws – up to 4”
• Habitat • Formerly open ranges but reduced to
open areas of mountain regions and forests
• Den • Cave or under tree roots on N/NE slope
• Enter Oct during heavy snow • No eaKng/eliminaKng for 6 months
Grizzly Bear • Range
• Formerly western half N.A. • Now western Canada, Alaska, northern
edge WA, NW MT • Feeding
• 70-‐80% plant ma`er • Leaves, stems, roots, flowers,
fruits • May dig insects, ground squirrels,
marmots, mice • Salmon, occasional young sheep, deer,
elk; carrion • ReproducKon (fyi)
• Reproduce every other year • Not unKl 7 y/o
• Mate June-‐July • ImplantaKon delayed unKl
denning • Born Jan-‐March
• 1-‐4 (avg 2) • nurse while she sleeps, leave next
spring
Grizzly Bear • Track
• 5 toes each paw • Extremely long claws
• ~4” • Commonly seen on hind
as well • Heel on hind
• Rare on fore • Larger than black bear
• F – 8x6” • R – 12x6”
• Alignment of toe pads more linear than black bear
• Scat (fyi) • Dark, large (~10x10”) crumbly
pile • ~2” diameter • Mostly vegetaKve ma`er,
insects, hair
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Coyote • Canis latrans
• 3 ½’ – 4 ½’ long • Tail 12-‐16”
• 23-‐26” height • 18-‐44 lbs. • Gray to buffy/reddish-‐gray
• Buffy to white underneath • Pointed nose; Fairly large, erect ears • Gray patch between eyes above rufus
snout • Long bushy tail -‐ Blackish Kp
• Habitat • All NA terrestrial habitats
• except tundra & SE forests • Expanded range due to wolf exKrpaKon
• Den • Borrow on slope
• Expanded badger/woodchuck hole • 1’x10’ deep
Coyote • Range
• Most of NA except SE U.S. and NE Canada
• All of WA/OR • Feeding
• Primarily carnivorous • Squirrels, hares, mice, voles, birds,
amphibians, repKles • Cactus fruit, melons, berries,
vegetaKon • Pets, livestock
• ReproducKon (fyi) • Breed Jan-‐March • Born March-‐May
• 3-‐10 (5-‐7 avg) • Furry, blind • Exit den, begin social wrangling at
3 weeks • Established in week or two
Coyote • Track
• 4 toes per foot • Narrower and less splayed
than dog • Front slightly larger than rear
• Palm pad too • Claws evident
• Especially two center digits • 2½”long x 1 ½” wide
• Scat (fyi) • ¾” wide • +/-‐ segmented
• May be completely loose • May have tapered ends
• Contains berries, hair, bones, seeds, etc