Accounting for Wider Social Benefits

Roberta Ara

Senior Research Fellow, ScHARR

• Measurement and valuation of

informal care time and carers utility

• The measurement and valuation of

productivity effects

Taking a wider perspective

Objective:

Explore potential relationship between

EQ-5D score (& ICD-10 code) and

absence from work due to ill health

Data (1)HODAR

N >30k

Survey design prospective

Patient characteristics:

General population discharged within

previous 6 weeks

Health status:

ICD-10

Quality of life & recall period:

EQ-5D today

Absence from paid employment due to ill health & recall period:

Off work sick previous 6 weeks

number of days off

a) Recall periods (EQ5D, time off work)

b) EQ-5D =1 (% off paid employment)

c) Questions for recall unclear (masses at multiples of 5 and 7 days)

d) Substantial proportion (42%) indicated full 6 weeks off work

e) Generalisability

HODAR - issues

Data (2)HODAR Understanding Society

N >30k >27k

Survey design prospective X-sectional

Patient characteristics:

General population discharged within

previous 6 weeks

Health status:

ICD-10 self-reported

17 broad definitions

Quality of life & recall period:

EQ-5D today

SF36 (or SF12) previous 4 weeks previous 4 weeks

Absence from paid employment due to ill health & recall period:

Off work sick previous 6 weeks previous week

number of days off yes/no for absence

Off paid employment in previous week (Understanding Society)

Approach taken

HODAR

EQ-5D, ICD,

age, genderModel 1 SF-6D

preference

measure

Understanding Society

SF-6D

age, genderModel 2

P(absent from

work due to

sickness or injury)

HODAR

age, gender, ICD Model 3

Number of days

off work sick

|off work sick

Relationship between EQ5D and SF6D(HODAR)

Relationship between QoL & absence from paid employment due to ill health (U.Society)

Combining elements

STEP 1:

E(SF6D) = f(EQ5D, age, gender, ICD group)

STEP 2:

p(OWS) = f(SF6D, age, gender)

STEP 3:

E(DOWS |OWS) = f(age, gender, ICD group)

STEP 4:

Weight average number of days off work sick (Step 2)

by the probability of being off work sick (Step 3)

Issues with data• Double/triple mapping – not ideal

• Switching between datasets – not ideal

• Neither surveys capture total absence due to ill health

• eg early retirement due to condition, long-term sickness etc

Ongoing/planned research

• HIPPO – new HODAR

• Includes both SF12 & EQ5D

• Recall for work absence is 1 week (and 4 weeks)

• Switch to examine relationship between QoL and paid employment (as opposed to the relationship between QoL and probability of being off work sick)