Wideband Networked Sensors · – Synchronized with operations • Components ofSensor Networks –...

MIT Lincoln LaboratoryNGIPIMeeting100300drm-1

Wideband Networked SensorsSteve L. BernsteinJames O. CalvinKevin M. Cuomo

Harold M. HeggestadIsrael Kupiec

David R. MartinezJoseph M. Mayhan

Frank C. RobeyJoseph M. Usoff

MIT Lincoln Laboratorye-mail: [email protected]

Next Generation InternetPrincipal Investigator Meeting

2-4 October 2000


Outline

• Netted Sensors Through High Performance Connectivity– Enabled via Next Generation Internet

• Military Utility Examples

• Millstone Testbed Demonstration

• Summary

December 14, 1999

JO TNI

S TAFFC HI EFS OF

Increased Awareness(JV 2010+)

• Sensor Networks enable Commanders to– Rapidly generate Battlespace Awareness – Synchronized with operations

• Components of Sensor Networks– Space, Air, Sea, Ground and Cyberspace

Based Sensors

• Operational Capabilities– Improved Data Fusion– Dynamic Sensor Tasking– Universal Sensor Recruitment

Sensor Network“Applications and

Peripherals”

A network-centric force increases battlespace awareness by overcoming the limitations of standalone sensors through employment of sensor networks

*From D. Alberts, and John J. Garstka. "Information Superiority/Command and Control Seminar: Keynote Presentation."

NGI VISION

DARPANASA

NSFDOE

NIST

Next Generation Internet

Goal 2.2Goal 1 Goal 2.1 Goal 3Advanced Network Technologies

High PerformanceConnectivity

Ultra-High Performance Tech.

RevolutionaryApplications


High Performance Sensor NetworkingWeb-based Broadband Sensor Fusion

DigitalRx

Signal Proc.

PacketizedBroadband

Communications

DigitalRx

Signal Proc.

DigitalRx

Signal Proc.

Integration / fusion of distributed multi-frequency and multi-aspect systems for improved performance:

Ø SensitivityØ MetricsØ Discrimination/ combat IDØ Targeting

Integration / fusion of distributed multi-frequency and multi-aspect systems for improved performance:

Ø SensitivityØ MetricsØ Discrimination/ combat IDØ Targeting

DigitalRx

Signal Proc.

Fiber

Wireless

Attributes:• Packetized with net-based timing• Wideband open system

architecture• Net-based advanced imaging• Land, air, and sea based• Robust to countermeasures

Attributes:• Packetized with net-based timing• Wideband open system

architecture• Net-based advanced imaging• Land, air, and sea based• Robust to countermeasures


Outline




• Summary


Ultra-Wideband Target Imaging Using Distributed Sensors

Ultra-WidebandTarget Image

Lower Sub-band

Image

Upper Sub-band

Image

ConventionalImage

Processing

ConventionalImage

Processing

Sensor 2

Sensor 1

Netted Sensor Processing

• Multi-Frequencies• Multi-Aspects• Polarization Diversity• Waveform Diversity

High Speed Connectivity Enables Netting Sensors to Exploit:

Re-Entry Vehicle


Adversary Countries Interested in U.S. Activities

Militarily Significant Payloads Doing More in Smaller Packages

1 m

UOSatUOSat--1212

0.32 m

DLRDLR--TUBSATTUBSATTUBSAT BTUBSAT B

0.5 m

UOSatUOSat--1212

TUBSAT BTUBSAT B

DLRDLR--TUBSATTUBSAT

Imaging Satellite Size Progression Resolutions < 10 m

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Ave

rag

e S

atel

lite

Dim

ensi

on

(m

)S

atel

lite

Dim

ensi

on

(m

)

Problem:

• Many new imaging satellites will be available to potential adversaries

Proposed Approach:

• Determine imaging satellite status and pointing using wideband netted sensors

Best Current Capability


Satellite Threat Assessment

Problem:

• Many new imaging satellites will be available to potential adversaries in near future

– Capable of off-nadir imaging

– Dimensions shrinking (< 1 meter)

Solution Approach:

• Generate high resolution radar images

• Analyze images to determine satellite orientation

Military ZoneImaged Swath

Ground Trace (Nadir)


Boston, MA

Albany, NY

New York, NY

Philadelphia, PA

Washington, D.C.

Trenton, NJ

Bridgeport, CTNewark, NJ

Baltimore, MD Wilmington, DE

Poughkeepsie, NY

ObjectiveDemonstrate the use of the

BoSSNET for advanced communication-intensive

military applications

Wideband Networked Sensors- WNS Program -

Haystack (X band)

HAX (Ku Band)

10

12

14

16

18

Freq. (GHz)

Lincoln SpaceSurveillance

Complex

ISI East

Conventional Image25 cm resolution

(Simulated)

Sparse-bandProcessing

10

12

14

16

18 GHz

Dual Band Image3-4 cm resolution

(Simulated)

Freq. (GHz)


Outline




• Summary


Connectivity to Other NGI Projects (Supernet)

MIT Lincoln Laboratory

Lincoln Space Surveillance Complex (LSSC)

Haystack Radar (HAY)

Haystack Auxiliary Radar (HAX)

Millstone Hill Radar (MHR)


Lincoln Dark Fiber Plant, October 2000

HAY, HAXRadars

Lincoln Laboratory

MIT

Bossnetto Washington D.C.

ONRAMP

230 Congress St.

LL Dark Fiber


Wideband Networked Sensors Development Path

Hay/Hax Upgrade

Sparse-Band Algorithms

x xx

xxx

Re

Im

∑=

=p

k

nkkn pafM

1)(

Network

Processing and Integration

SGI

SGI

Router

SGI Router

Hay

Hax

LLSGIRouter

Wash.

Switch

Combine X and Ku datato synthesize UWB radar in real-time

Combine X and Ku datato synthesize UWB radar in real-time

Demonstrate Gbits/sec bandwidth asthe enabler for advancedultra wideband imaging

Demonstrate Gbits/sec bandwidth asthe enabler for advancedultra wideband imaging

X-band(10 GHz)

Ku-band(17 GHz)


System Network Architecture

SGI Origin

HAY Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet = 100 Mbit/secGBE = 1000 Mbit/sec

HAX

ISI East

Millstone Hill

Lincoln Lab.

Boston

Washington

BoSSNET

GBE

Radar Signature

Utility

Display

GBEGBE

Ethernet

Ethernet

Radar Signature

SGI Origin

Utility

Display

GBE

Ethernet

Ethernet

GBE

GBEEthernet

Ethernet

OC-48

SGI Origin

GBE

GBE

GBE

GBE

Ethernet

Ethernet

DisplayHub

UtilityHub

GBE

GBEOC-48

GBE

GBE

Ethernet

Ethernet SGI Origin

GBE

GBE

DisplayHub

UtilityHub

GB

E

GB

EO

C-4

8


Sparse Band Processing

Mutual Coherence

Mutual Coherence

Pole Estimation

Pole Estimation

Parameter EstimationParameter Estimation

Bandwidth Synthesis

Bandwidth Synthesis

Haystack Data

HaxData

∑=

=P

k

nkkn pafM

1

)(All-pole signal model

To Imager

UWB Processing

Simulated MSTI


WNS Program Milestones

First Software Build

Program Kickoff

SAJMMFDNSAJMMFDSM NAJ J

Final UWB Imaging Demo at ISI East

Initial UWB Imaging at LL

Sensor Upgrade Completed

Single Radar Imaging at LL

Wideband Transmission Westford to MIT/LL

AJOJAJOJA

200220012000Milestone

UWB Image(9 GHZ)

WidebandTransmission

Haystack (X band, 1 GHz)

HAX (Ku Band, 2 GHz)

Westford

Existing RxExisting Rx

New RxNew Rx

Router and

Transponder

Router and

TransponderCongress St.

SwitchCongress St.

Switch

MITMIT MIT/LLProcessing

MIT/LLProcessing

WashingtonPOP

WashingtonPOP

ISI-EastProcessing

ISI-EastProcessing

Program Milestones


Bistatic Imaging Radar and Sparse Aperture Processing (Future)

Haystack

HAXOther radars

Bistatic receiver

MIT/LLDemonstration

Center

Washington D.C.Demonstration

CenterBoSSNET


Summary

• Demonstrate utilization of wide bandwidth networks to fuse multiple sensor data to support C3I and Battle Management

• Packetized broadband communications is the enabler for multi-sensor coherent netting and exploitation

• Millstone testbed will provide a demonstration of wideband networked sensors at over 1 Gbits/sec:

– Wideband multi-frequency coherent processing

• Program leverages existing advances in the following areas: – BoSSNET high bandwidth long distance optical link– Haystack and Hax radars with existing Radar Open Systems

Architecture (ROSA)– Sparse Band Processing (SBP) algorithms from BMD efforts– High resolution satellite image generation and analysis tools

Wideband Networked Sensors · – Synchronized with operations • Components ofSensor Networks –...

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