Why are alkanes considered to be saturated?

What is a hydrocarbon?

Why is crude oil called a mixture?

What process is used to separate crude oil?

For alkanes, describe how the following properties of a molecule change with increasing size:■ boiling point

■ viscosity

■ flammability

What type of bonding occurs in alkanes?

Why are carbon dioxide and water produced when an alkane burns?

Give the formula for the following molecule

What dangerous gas is produced when a fuel burns in a limited supply of oxygen? Why is it dangerous?

Describe how fractional distillation can be used to separate crude oil.

What is the general formula for an alkane?

Write word and symbol equations for the combustion of propane.

Name the first 3 alkanes, give their formulae and draw their structure.

What are particulates?

Name two gases that cause acid rain

What is the name used to describe the reaction between an element and oxygen to form an oxide?

Give an environmental consequence of: Carbon dioxide

Particulates

What is a biofuel?

Give 2 examples of biofuels.

What are the advantages of using biofuels instead of fossil fuels?

Give a disadvantage of using biofuels instead of fossil fuels?

Why are alkanes considered to be saturated?They have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible per molecule

What is a hydrocarbon?Compound made of hydrogen and carbon atoms only.

Why is crude oil called a mixture?It contains many different hydrocarbons that are not chemically bonded to each other.

What process is used to separate crude oil?Fractional distillation

For alkanes, describe how the following properties of a molecule change with increasing size:■ boiling point Bigger molecules have higher bps

■ viscosityBigger molecules are more viscous

■ flammabilityBigger molecules are harder to light

What type of bonding occurs in alkanes?Covalent

Why are carbon dioxide and water produced when an alkane burns?The hydrogen and carbon in the fuel react with oxygen in the air.

Give the formula for the following molecule

C6H14

What dangerous gas is produced when a fuel burns in a limited supply of oxygen? Why is it dangerous?Carbon monoxidePrevents transport of oxygen in the blood

Describe how fractional distillation can be used to separate crude oil. • Crude oil is evaporated• The gases are condensed at

different temperatures• Larger molecules collect first at

base of column (higher temperatures)

What is the general formula for an alkane? CnH2n + 2

Write word and symbol equations for the combustion of propane. Propane + Oxygen Carbon + Water

Dioxide

C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O

Name the first 3 alkanes, give their formulae and draw their structure.Methane CH4

Ethane C2H8

Propane C3H10

What are particulates?Small solid particles of soot and unburnt hydrocarbons

Name two gases that cause acid rainSulphur dioxideNitrogen oxides

What is the name used to describe the reaction between an element and oxygen to form an oxide?Oxidation

Give an environmental consequence of: Carbon dioxideGlobal warmingParticulatesGlobal dimming

What is a biofuel?Fuel made from plant matter

Give 2 examples of biofuels.BiodieselEthanol

What are the advantages of using biofuels instead of fossil fuels?RenewableUses plant wasteLess pollution

Give a disadvantage of using biofuels instead of fossil fuels?Uses crops that could be food / require lots of land