Who’s connected, who isn’t and why? · Mobile phone owneship SIM card Desktop computer or...

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Who’s connected, who isn’t and why?Shazna Zuhyle | 7 August 2018 | Washington, D.C


Sample sizes

Notes: Pakistan excludes AJK, FATA, Gilgit-Baltistan (~2% of population)

Nepal data available in September 2018, Sri Lanka data expected by December 2018

To date: 18 countries (covering >30% global population); 38,005 face-to-face interviews; +/-3 margin of error


Mobile phone, SIM card & desktop or laptop ownership (% of aged 15-65 population)

Argentina Colombia South Africa Peru Paraguay Guatemala India Nigeria Pakistan Ghana Bangladesh Cambodia Kenya Tanzania Rwanda Mozambique

3%2%4%6%5%4%

13%

2%8%6%

35%

21%

42%

15%

28%

48%40%

48%

57%

87%

68%74%74%

55%

63%61%

86%87%82%84%

75%

86%

40%

50%

61%

87%

68%74%75%

57%

65%61%

88%89%84%85%

75%

91%

Mobile phone owneship SIM card Desktop computer or Laptop

Mobile phones are the prevalent mode of access to the Internet

!3

Q1: Do you own a mobile phone? Q2: How many active SIM cards do you have, (SIM cards that you used in last 30 days)? Q3: Do you own a personal Desktop computer or Laptop?

Base Argentina Colombia South Africa Peru Paraguay Guatemala India Nigeria Pakistan Ghana Bangladesh Cambodia Kenya Tanzania Rwanda MozambiquAll respondents 1,240 1,425 1,610 1,478 1,357 1,407 5,069 1,706 2,002 1,145 2,020 2,123 1,179 1,102 1,118 1,091


Mobile phone ownership (% of aged 15-65 mobile phone owners)


18%9%

23%28%

48%

24%35%

22%23%28%

57%65%61%58%

63%

78%

5%25%

11%

14%

10%

37%14%

25%

46%

16%

14%5%

17%

8%10%

10%

77%

66%66%58%

42%40%52%53%

31%

55%

30%30%22%

34%28%

12%

Basic Phone Feature Phone Smart Phone

However the market is still predominantly for basic phones

!4Q: What type of mobile is it?Base Argentina Colombia South Africa Peru Paraguay Guatemala India Nigeria Pakistan Ghana Bangladesh Cambodia Kenya Tanzania Rwanda MozambiquMobile phone owners 1,116 1,297 1,398 1,234 1,209 1,214 3,252 1,123 1,208 901 1,531 1,526 1,054 761 635 632


Mobile phone ownership (% of aged 15-65 population)

-13%

0%

13%

25%

38%

50%


Urban Rural Gap

41%

27%30%

9%

21%

7%

25%

5%

31%

22%

4%

11%

1%

8%

24%

-11%

33%

46%

53%

85%

64%

72%

63%

56%54%55%

86%83%83%

81%

71%

100%

55%

63%

76%

93%

81%78%

84%

59%

79%

71%

90%93%

84%88%

93%90%

-11%

24%

8%

1%

11%

4%

22%

31%

5%

25%

7%

21%

9%

30%27%

41%

Proximity to infrastructure matters: Rural lags behind in connectivity

Base Argentina Colombia South Africa Peru Paraguay Guatemala India Nigeria Pakistan Ghana Bangladesh Cambodia Kenya Tanzania Rwanda MozambiqueUrban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural

All respondents 1,208 32 986 439 1,050 765 1,178 300 824 533 550 857 2,200 2,869 1,147 661 793 1,209 721 479 808 1,212 897 1,226 727 481 720 480 711 500 718 453

Q: Do you own a mobile phone?

!5


Mobile phone ownership (% of aged 15-65 population)

-13%

0%

13%

25%

38%

50%


Male Female Gap

37%37%

15%10%

20%

34%

16%

37%

18%

46%

8%5%7%

-4%0%-1%

32%

39%

57%

83%

62%58%

69%

43%

58%

43%

84%88%

82%87%

75%

91%

51%

62%66%

92%

78%

87%

82%

68%71%

79%

91%92%87%

83%

75%

90%

-1% 0%-4%

7% 5%8%

46%

18%

37%

16%

34%

20%

10%15%

37% 37%

The gender gap is the highest in India among the 16 countries; women in India 46% less likely to own a mobile than men (15-65 group)

Q: Do you own a mobile phone?

Base Argentina Colombia South Africa Peru Paraguay Guatemala India Nigeria Pakistan Ghana Bangladesh Cambodia Kenya Tanzania Rwanda MozambiqueMale Femal Male Femal Male Femal Male Femal Male Femal Male Femal Male Femal Male Femal Male Femal Male Femal Male Femal Male Femal Male Femal Male Femal Male Femal Male Femal

All respondents 478 762 487 938 795 1,020 508 970 879 478 656 751 2,478 2,591 912 896 1,060 942 547 653 1,092 928 735 1,388 544 664 531 669 556 655 527 644!6


Internet use ≈ Social media use

!7

Q1: Have you ever used the Internet (Gmail, Google, Facebook, email)? Q2: Do you use social media like Facebook, Whatsapp, Twitter etc?

Internet and social media use (% of aged 15-65 population)

Argentina Colombia South Africa Peru Paraguay Guatemala India Nigeria Bangladesh Ghana Pakistan Cambodia Kenya Tanzania Rwanda Mozambique

9%6%13%

26%30%

14%

29%

13%

30%

15%

62%62%67%

45%

80%82%

10%9%15%

26%

36%

17%

26%

13%

30%

19%

65%63%

73%

53%

73%

86%

Internet use Social media use

Base Argentina Colombia South Africa Peru Paraguay Guatemala India Nigeria Pakistan Ghana Bangladesh Cambodia Kenya Tanzania Rwanda MozambiquAll respondents 1,240 1,425 1,610 1,478 1,357 1,407 5,069 1,706 2,002 1,145 2,020 2,123 1,179 1,102 1,118 1,091


Speed of Internet, lack of time & data costs are key challenges among current Internet users

!8

Limitations on Internet use (% of aged 15-65 Internet users)

India Nigeria Pakistan Ghana Bangladesh Cambodia Kenya

1%1%1% 1%1%1%1%2%2%1% 1%2%1%2% 2%1%1%2% 1%1%3%3%2% 2%

2%4%1%

9%2%

4%1%

3%

45%

5%

30%

52%

18%

33%

18%

20%

7%

19%

21%

49%

16%

21%

12%

70%15%

8%

3%17%

22%

17%11%

33%

12%22%18%

27%

Nothing, no limitation Speed of internet Lack of time Data cost No internet connection in the area OtherPrivacy concerns Lack of content in my language Not allowed to use it more (family, spouse, parents) I find it difficult to use Worried about getting virus/ malware

Q: What is your main limitation for your use of the internet? (Single response question)Base India Nigeria Pakistan Ghana Bangladesh Cambodia KenyaInternet users 919 529 427 311 266 804 440


What l imits more use among current users? : Cost & speed in most African countries; malware & privacy concerns in LATAM

!9

Limitations on Internet use (% of aged 15-65 Internet users)

Argentina Colombia South Africa Peru Paraguay Guatemala Tanzania Rwanda Mozambique

6%

0%

6%

0%0%4%6%

0%1%5%

3%1%

26%

8%

18%

3%

16%

9%5%6%4%

21%15%

18%

2%

19%

9%6%

14%

4%

38%

30%

42%

3%

30%24%

12%

24%

6%

41%

30%

39%

6%

30%27%

11%

0%

6%

24%19%

9%

16%

33%30%

6%9%

5%

38%

27%

48%

8%

21%

31%

12%

55%

26%

49%

29%

58%

10%

41%40%37%

19%

29%

54%

61%59%

24%

58%

51%

43%

55%

41%

52%56%

53%47%

66%

58%

2%8%

1%

84%

65%

78%

3%

83%

68%

9%10%

1%

84%

53%

84%

4%

90%

72%

Worried about getting virus/malware Worried about surveillance/privacy invasion The internet is too expensive to use The internet is very slow Lack of time Lack of interesting content for me None Few people to communicate with via the internetLack of local language content I find it difficult to use Someone restricting the use (e.g. family, spouse, parents) Other

Q: I’m going to read some phrases that other people have mentioned like limits to use the internet? For each one, please, tell me if you consider it a limitation or not. (Multiple response question)Base Argentina Colombia South Africa Peru Paraguay Guatemala Kenya Tanzania Rwanda MozambiqueInternet users 1,006 1,192 829 1,120 886 1,104 440 266 172 238


NON INTERNET USERS


Non users: Sti l l a signif icant % of in Asia (and some in Africa) don’t know what the Internet is. In LATAM, many don’t know how to use it.

!11

Reasons for not using the Internet (% of aged 15-65 non-Internet users)


5%5%5%7%2%1%

7%1%

8%2%3%1%

16%15%

3%10% 2%

4%1%

3%

2%2%

3%

1%

4%

1%8%

1%

6%9%

2%9%

1%

26%

21%

67%41%

69%39%

64%

14%28%

10%

35%

5%

1%

33%

2%

4%

3%

1%

2%

1%

4%

4%

5%2%3%16%

5%

76%

43%

64%

22%

23%

7%

23%

19%

14%

8%

8%

24%7%

37%

24%

19%

14%3%

11%

11%41%

5%14%

3%

21%9%

47%

26%51%

8%

27%

23%

3%3%16%

27%

9%18%

9%6%10%11%15%18%

7%14%11%

37%

No interest / not useful I don’t know how to use it No access device computer /smartphone Too expensive I don’t know what the internet is No time, too busy Other

Q: What is the main reason why you do not use the Internet?

Base Argentina Colombia South Africa Peru Paraguay Guatemala India Nigeria Pakistan Ghana Bangladesh Cambodia Kenya Tanzania Rwanda MozambiquNon-Internet users 192 248 317 391 536 484 4,150 1,177 1,575 837 1,754 1,320 741 319 151 319


QUALITY OF SERVICE EXPERIENCE

“A chain is only as strong as it ’s weakest l ink”

!13

Service degradation when accessing the ‘open Internet’

0"

100"

200"

300"

400"

500"

600"

700"

0800"H" 1100"H" 1500"H" 1800"H" 2000"H" 2300"H"0"

100"

200"

300"

400"

500"

600"

700"

0800"H" 1100"H" 1500"H" 1800"H" 2000"H" 2300"H"

ISP$Domain$ Interna'onal*Domain*

Source:(LIRNEasia,(2014($

The lower the better- Inadequacy of supply (backhaul) - Sole reliance on undersea cables

- Asia Pacific Information Superhighway [Fiber along the Trans-Asian Railway to link all of Asia to Europe and the Pacific Rim]

UN ESCAP

Fixed Broadband (DSL) in 10 cities

!14

“Decent” download speeds > ~ 2 Mbps

But poor latency > ~ 300 ms

Latency causes poor quality experience (example from Myanmar)

Source: LIRNEasia with NDT, 2016

- Recently liberated telecom sector

- Prices of SIM cards $1000 (black market / auctions) to $2

- It’s all about mobile broadband

- Leapfrogged to 3G and LTE

!15

Marginal performance improvements with 4G / LTE networks

0"

200"

400"

600"

800"

1000"

1200"

1" 2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9" 10" 11" 12" 13" 14" 15" 16" 17" 18" 19" 20" 21" 22" 23" 24"

3G#

BD" IN" KH" NP" PK"

0"

200"

400"

600"

800"

1000"

1200"

1" 2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9" 10" 11" 12" 13" 14" 15" 16" 17" 18" 19" 20" 21" 22" 23" 24"

4G#

IN" KH" NP" PK"

Lower the better Lower the better

BD - Bangladesh ~ 2,000 sessions IN - India ~ 24,000 sessions KH - Cambodia ~ 17,000 sessions NP - Nepal ~ 16,000 sessions PK - Pakistan ~100,000 sessions

Source: LIRNEasia with NetRadar, 2018

!16

Urban-Rural disparities evident in QoSE

4.12%

1.54%

2.84%

1.6%

1.95%

2.04%

1.88%

1.72%

0.52%

2.62%

0% 0.5% 1% 1.5% 2% 2.5% 3% 3.5% 4% 4.5%

India%

Bangladesh%

Pakistan%

Nepal%

Cambodia%

Rural% Urban%

Average Download speed (Mbps)


!17

Urban-Rural disparities evident in QoSE

372$

477$

421$

530$

334$

630$

634$

825$

597$

174$

0$ 100$ 200$ 300$ 400$ 500$ 600$ 700$ 800$ 900$

India$

Bangladesh$

Pakistan$

Nepal$

Cambodia$

Rural$ Urban$

Average latency (ms)


!18

0" 100" 200" 300" 400" 500" 600" 700" 800" 900" 1000"

India"

Bangladesh"

Rural" Urban"

India: rural locations faced 15% network errors vs. 5% in urban


Who’s connected, who isn’t and why? · Mobile phone owneship SIM card Desktop computer or...

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