Who Would Win the Revolutionary War?
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Transcript of Who Would Win the Revolutionary War?
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Who Would Win the Revolutionary War?
BRITISH
many officers
British navy ruled the seas
fighting 3000 miles away form home - had to ship men and supplies
Trained & experienced soldiers
AMERICANS
American army made up of citizen-soldiers who were badly trained
few officers with any experienceFrance helped by sending money and trained officers
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Who Would Win the Revolutionary War?
BRITISH
army had trouble getting soldiers, many people had family members and friends in America.
fight was over a large area
Could control cities but not country side
AMERICANS
no navy
fighting at home defending family
Fighting on familiar ground
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Critical Time
6 Chpt.- Sec. 2Pgs. 184-189
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What Was the Struggle for the Middle States? Washington forced the British to
retreat from Boston in March 1776
He then rushed his army to New York City to Long Island
Washington expected Gen. Howe’s attack
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Washington had fewer than 20,000 poorly trained troops
No navy
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Howe’ army pushed ashore on Long Island (August)
34,000 trained soldiers 9,000 Hessians, & 10,000 sailors
with ships to ferry troops
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British strategy in New York
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Battle of Long Island
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Battle of Long Island more than: 1400 Americans KIA, WIA, or captured Washington retreats to avoid capture
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In Autumn Series of battles
In November Americans cross Hudson River into New Jersey
British pursued
Washington crossed Delaware R. into Pennsylvania
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Nathan Hale
gathered intelligence behind British lines for Washington
captured by British, he was tried & hanged for being a spy
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Nathan Hale as he was going to
be hanged he said “I only regret that I have only one
life to lose for my country.”
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By December 1776 American troops were sick, dirty, lacked adequate clothing for that time of year
soldiers fled camp every day & went home
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The Crisis ( written by
Thomas Paine) urged Americans to support their army
Washington had it read to the troops
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The Crisis THESE are the times that try men's
souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.
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Washington planned a surprise attack on Trenton, NJ
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December 25, 1776 Washington leads troops across icy Delaware R.
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Morning of Dec. 26,1776 surprise Hessians guarding Trenton
Captured Trenton
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Cornwallis set out to capture Washington
Washington slips behind Cornwallis’ lines & attacks Princeton NJ
It was a second victory for Washington
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Washington moves troops to Morristown Pa for the winter
The two victories gave Americans new hope
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New British Strategy 1777 Gen. Burgoyne presents new
plan to defeat Americans
seize the Hudson River Valley thus cutting New England off from the rest of the colonies
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It called for 3 armies to march on Albany, NY from diff. Directions
Gen. John Burgoyne south from Canada
Lt. Colonel Barry St. Leger from Lake Ontario down the Mohawk River
Gen. Howe north up the Hudson R. from New York City
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Gen. Howe instead captures Philadelphia
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Gen. Howe defeats Americans at Battles of Brandywine & Germantown
(9/1777)
Then wintered in Philadelphia
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British Gen. St. Leger attacks Fort Stanwix & was defeated by Benedict Arnold
(8/1777)
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Gen. Burgoyne marched toward Albany
He retook Fort Ticonderoga (7/1777)
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Fought the Battle of Bennington (Vermont)
Patriots capture or wound nearly 1,000 Redcoats (Aug. 16, 1777)
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Americans surround Gen. Burgoyne at village of Saratoga
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Oct. 17, 1777 Burgoyne surrenders to Americans
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Who was the powerful new ally? Two consequences of the Battle of
Saratoga
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Battle of Saratoga
1. Benedict Arnold is wounded
Over time he came to believe Congress had not rewarded him
enough for his victory at Saratoga & other battles
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Battle of Saratoga
Influenced by bitterness Arnold & his wife betrayed his army
By attempting to over Ft. West Point
to the British (1780 )
The plot failed and he escaped
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Battle of Saratoga
Battle of Saratoga turning point in the war
ended British threat to New England
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Who Helped From Abroad? Help From Abroad
1776 France began to give secret aid to the Americans
After the Americans won at Saratoga, King Louis XVI recognized U.S. independence
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1778 – France signs two treaties of alliance with the U.S.
France sent badly needed funds, supplies, & troops to America
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1779 – France persuades Spain to help America
Britain had to fight France & Spain in many places
This made it impossible for Britain to concentrate its forces in America
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How do Europeans Help Washington?
Europeans Help Washington
Volunteers arrive from Europe to help
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Baron de Kalb German officer
who had served in the French Army
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Baron de Kalb One of Washington’s Generals &
earned a reputation for bravery
At the Battle of Camden he was wounded 10 times the 11 time he died
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French noble
Brought trained soldiers
Fought at Brandywine
One of Washington’s most trusted friends
The Marquis de Lafayette
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Thaddeus Kosciusko Polish, an engineer
Help build forts and other defenses
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Casimir Pulaski Polish
Train cavalry
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Bernardo de Ga’lvez Spanish, governor
of Spanish Louisiana
Spain neutral
He secretly provided medicine, cloth, muskets, and gunpowder
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Bernardo de Ga’lvez Spain enters war in 1779 Ga’lvez
seized British forts on the Mississippi R. & Gulf of Mexico
drove British out of West Florida
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Fredrick von Steuben Prussian,
taught American soldiers skills
Bayonet skills and to march
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What was the Winter at Valley Forge?
Beginning the winter of 1777-1778 Washington and his troops camp at
Valley Forge, Pa.
The army was very short of supplies
Many had only blankets to cover themselves, they also lacked shoes
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Winter at Valley Forge
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Soldiers grew weak, ¼ died from:
malnutrition (lack of food)
exposure to cold, (no warm clothing)
&disease
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Washington asked Congress to send supplies but it was slow in coming
Sometimes private citizens came to the soldiers’ aid
Valley Forge came to represent the great hardships that Americans endured in the Revolutionary War.
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Washington and his soldiers showed amazing endurance
The soldiers did not desert because of Washington and “Love of Country”
Spring 1778 the army at Valley Forge was much more hopeful.