White Blood Cell Abnormalities
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Transcript of White Blood Cell Abnormalities
White Blood Cell Abnormalities
Laboratory Procedures
Let us recall what looks Normal.
Some terminology for morphology• -penia: decreased number of cells in the
blood (Neutropenia, lymphopenia).• -philia or –cytosis: increased number of
cells in the blood (neutrophilia, lymphocytosis).
• Macrocytosis: larger than normal cells• Microcytosis: smaller than normal cells• Anisocytosis: cells that are unequal in size• Left shift: presence of immature
neutrophils in blood.
Nuclear Hyposegmentation• Can be found in cells that contain
lobulated or segmented nuclei.• Which cells would this be?• What could this indicate?
Pelger-Huet Anomaly• Hyposegemented neutrophils that function
normally.• Hereditary disorder; failure of the nucleus
in mature cells to undergo segmentation.
Nuclear Hypersegmentation• Recall what can cause this.
Toxic Neutrophils• Characterized by ctyoplasm basophilia,
Dohle bodies, toxic granulation, and/or foamy cytoplasm.
• Cells have decreased functional abilities.• Animal with toxic, degenerative shift may
be compromised by lack of adequate cell number and decrease ability of cells to function.
Dohle Bodies• Blue cytoplasmic inclusions.• Low numbers may be found in healthy
cats.• Indicates toxicity in other species.
Normal vs. Toxic Neutrophils
Intracytoplasmic Neutrophil Inclusions• Found in neutrophils of animals with
certain infectious diseases.• Ehrlichia species.
Atypical or Reactive Lymphocytes• Contain azurophilic granules.• Generally associated with disease such as
ehrlichiosis• May have cleaved nuclei• May have increased cytoplasm• May have increased basophilia in
cytoplasm• Changes caused by antigenic stimulation
secondary to vaccination or infection.
Lysosomal Storage Disorders• Rare• Inherited disease where substance is
abnormally is stored within the cells due to enzyme deficiency.
• Can cause skeletal or neurologic disorders• May contain vacuoles or certain granules.
Birman Cat Neutrophil Granulation Anomaly• Contain fine eosinophilic to magenta
granules.• Inherited autosomal-recessive trait• Neutrophil function is normal and cats are
healthy.
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome• Neutrophils in cats have large fused
lysosomes within the cytoplasm.• Stain pink or eosinophilic.• May have tendency to bleed because
platelet function is abnormal.• Generally are healthy cats.
Smudge Cells• May be called basket cells• Degenerative leukocytes that have
ruptured.• Small numbers are not considered
significant.• May be artifact when blood is held too
long.• May be associated with leukemia.