Which are made of which contain Which are made of which contain CarbohydratesFats/ oils Nucleic...

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Which are made of Which are made of Which are made of which contain which contain which contain Fats/ oils Nucleic acids (e.g., DNA/RNA) Protein s Glycerol & 3 Fatty Acids Nucleotide s Amino Acids Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon, hydrogen oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, 2 3 4 main function main function main function ENERGY STORAGE long-term CATALYSIS & STRUCTURE /SUPPORT ENCODING HEREDITARY INFORMATION Lipids (fats) Animal fat (solid @ room temp) Plant oils (liquid @ room tem Main Function: long-term energy storage Special Feature: contain more energy per gram than any other biological molecule (9 cal/g) Groupings: Mostly C and H atoms (hydrocarbons) Types: 1. Fats and oils 3. Steroids 2. Phospholipids

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Transcript of Which are made of which contain Which are made of which contain CarbohydratesFats/ oils Nucleic...

Page 1: Which are made of which contain Which are made of which contain CarbohydratesFats/ oils Nucleic acids (e.g., DNA/RNA) Proteins Simple sugars (e.g., glucose)

Which are made of Which are made of Which are made of

which contain which contain which contain

Fats/oils

Nucleic acids(e.g., DNA/RNA)

Proteins

Glycerol &3 Fatty Acids

Nucleotides

Amino Acids

Carbon,hydrogen,

oxygen

Carbon, hydrogenoxygen,

nitrogen,phosphorus

Carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,

2 3 4

main functionmain function main function

ENERGYSTORAGE

long-term

CATALYSIS&

STRUCTURE/SUPPORT

ENCODINGHEREDITARY

INFORMATION

Lipids (fats)

Animal fat (solid @ room temp)Plant oils (liquid @ room temp)

Main Function: long-term energy storage

Special Feature: contain more energy per gram than any other biological molecule (9 cal/g)

Groupings: Mostly C and H atoms (hydrocarbons)

Types: 1. Fats and oils 3. Steroids2. Phospholipids

Page 2: Which are made of which contain Which are made of which contain CarbohydratesFats/ oils Nucleic acids (e.g., DNA/RNA) Proteins Simple sugars (e.g., glucose)

Structure of Lipids (fats)

Glycerol

Fatty acids

1

2

3

Page 3: Which are made of which contain Which are made of which contain CarbohydratesFats/ oils Nucleic acids (e.g., DNA/RNA) Proteins Simple sugars (e.g., glucose)

Adipocytes (rat)

FA

FA

FA= TG (Triglyceride)

Courtesy of Dr. Ceddia – York University

TG

TG

TGTG

TG

TG

Lipid droplet

Page 4: Which are made of which contain Which are made of which contain CarbohydratesFats/ oils Nucleic acids (e.g., DNA/RNA) Proteins Simple sugars (e.g., glucose)

Making and Breaking Lipids (fats)

Fats and oils are called triglycerides because of their structure

CondensationSynthesis

Hydrolysis

What functional groups are present on the glycerol and fatty acid molecules?

+ 3 H2O

Ester linkage

Page 5: Which are made of which contain Which are made of which contain CarbohydratesFats/ oils Nucleic acids (e.g., DNA/RNA) Proteins Simple sugars (e.g., glucose)

  Saturated Unsaturated Polyunsaturated

# of double bonds between

carbons

 

Orientation   

   

State at Room Temp.

   

    

Origin   

    

Which are better for you?

   

    

Example 

   

   

Types of Fatty Acids

Page 6: Which are made of which contain Which are made of which contain CarbohydratesFats/ oils Nucleic acids (e.g., DNA/RNA) Proteins Simple sugars (e.g., glucose)

SaturateSaturatedd

UnsaturatUnsaturateded

Poly - Poly - unsaturatunsaturat

eded

# of # of Double Double Bonds Bonds

between between CarbonsCarbons

NoneNone(contains (contains

maximum # of maximum # of H atoms)H atoms)

At least one double At least one double bond between bond between carbon atomscarbon atoms

Several double Several double bondsbonds

Types of Fatty Acids

Page 7: Which are made of which contain Which are made of which contain CarbohydratesFats/ oils Nucleic acids (e.g., DNA/RNA) Proteins Simple sugars (e.g., glucose)

Types of Fatty Acids

Fewer hydrogens – “unsaturated”

Page 8: Which are made of which contain Which are made of which contain CarbohydratesFats/ oils Nucleic acids (e.g., DNA/RNA) Proteins Simple sugars (e.g., glucose)

SaturateSaturatedd

UnsaturatUnsaturateded

Poly - Poly - unsaturatunsaturat

eded

OrientatiOrientation of on of Fatty Fatty AcidsAcids

Straight Straight chainschains

Kinks / Kinks / bends at bends at

the double the double bondsbonds

Kinks / Kinks / bends at bends at

the double the double bondsbonds

Types of Fatty Acids

Page 9: Which are made of which contain Which are made of which contain CarbohydratesFats/ oils Nucleic acids (e.g., DNA/RNA) Proteins Simple sugars (e.g., glucose)

CH2-CH

BEND DUE TO

DOUBLE BOND

BEND DUE TO

DOUBLE BOND

Types of Fatty Acids

Page 10: Which are made of which contain Which are made of which contain CarbohydratesFats/ oils Nucleic acids (e.g., DNA/RNA) Proteins Simple sugars (e.g., glucose)

SaturateSaturatedd

UnsaturatUnsaturateded

Poly - Poly - unsaturatunsaturat

eded

ExamplesExamples butter, butter, lardlard

olive oil, vegetable oil, olive oil, vegetable oil, peanut oil, canola oilpeanut oil, canola oil

Types of Fatty Acids

Page 11: Which are made of which contain Which are made of which contain CarbohydratesFats/ oils Nucleic acids (e.g., DNA/RNA) Proteins Simple sugars (e.g., glucose)

Trans Trans FatFat

Types of Fatty Acids

Taking a perfectly good fat and making it bad!

Addition of hydrogen atoms to the acid, causing double bonds to become single ones. (unsaturated becomes saturated) LDL HDL

Page 12: Which are made of which contain Which are made of which contain CarbohydratesFats/ oils Nucleic acids (e.g., DNA/RNA) Proteins Simple sugars (e.g., glucose)

Fat derivatives in which one fatty acid Fat derivatives in which one fatty acid has been replaced by a phosphate has been replaced by a phosphate group and one of several nitrogen-group and one of several nitrogen-containing molecules.containing molecules.

an important part of the cell membrane an important part of the cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)(phospholipid bilayer)

Phospholipids

Page 13: Which are made of which contain Which are made of which contain CarbohydratesFats/ oils Nucleic acids (e.g., DNA/RNA) Proteins Simple sugars (e.g., glucose)

Phospholipids

Nitrogen-containing group

Page 14: Which are made of which contain Which are made of which contain CarbohydratesFats/ oils Nucleic acids (e.g., DNA/RNA) Proteins Simple sugars (e.g., glucose)

The phospholipid can also be represented as:

Polar Head – hydrophilic (water-loving)

Non-Polar Tails (fatty acids) – hydrophobic (water-hating)

Phospholipids

Page 15: Which are made of which contain Which are made of which contain CarbohydratesFats/ oils Nucleic acids (e.g., DNA/RNA) Proteins Simple sugars (e.g., glucose)

Testosterone

Steroids consist of 4 fused carbon rings

Cholesterol• Precursor for other steroids• Component of animal cell membranes• Contributes to atherosclerosis

Steroids


Maria-Florina Balcan 16/11/2015 Active Learning. Supervised Learning E.g., which emails are spam and which are important. E.g., classify objects as chairs.

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