WHERE DO THEY LIVE? - westmifflinmoritz.com Cultures/2012-2013 Power Point... · WHERE DO THEY...
Transcript of WHERE DO THEY LIVE? - westmifflinmoritz.com Cultures/2012-2013 Power Point... · WHERE DO THEY...
WHERE DO THEY LIVE?
Morocco
Located in an area called the Maghrib
Located in northwestern corner of Africa
Boarders the Mediterranean Sea
Closest African country to Europe
Lands and Peoples
More about Morocco
Morocco is ruled by a king
Capitol: Rabat
Divided into 43 provinces
Mountains, rivers, deserts, plains
Four major mountain ranges
Variety of weather patterns
Population: nearly 32 million
World Encyclopedia of
Culture and Daily Life
Capitol: Rabat
FAMILY LIFE
Family is the center of the Moroccan lifestyle
All children live with parents until they get married or go away to school
Elderly are well respected
Both men and women make the decisions
Marriage is expected of all Moroccans
Having children is an ultimate goal in life
Parents have great influences over the spousal choices
World Encyclopedia of
Culture and Daily Life
MOROCCAN MEN
Historically, Morocco has been patriarchal; Recently,
women are taking on a more prominent role in society
Seek to be married before their 30’s
Common for them to bring wife home to live with
extended family
World Encyclopedia of
Culture and Daily Life
MOROCCAN WOMEN
PAST
Lived extremely restricted
life
Rarely went outdoors
Wore a veil and covered
herself with a long, cotton
robe called a Djellaba
PRESENT
Do go out to stores, public
baths, movies
Young women attend school
and hold responsibility
Adopted Western dress
Legal marriage age for
women is 18
Lands and Peoples &
World Encyclopedia of
Culture and Daily Life
MARRIAGE
Marriage is expected of all Moroccans
Weddings are planned over several days ( families of bride and groom have separate parties)
They feature lots of food and dancing
Having children is expected of any couple
Polygamy is not encouraged amongst the Moroccan people
Divorce is frowned upon
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Junior)
MOROCCAN
CHILDREN
When a newborn is seven days old, a party is held
where guests bring gifts for the baby and its mother
Circumcision of males in mandatory
Both boys and girls attend primary and secondary
schooling
Adopting western wear
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EDUCATION
More students enrolled than ever
Boys and girls attend primary and secondary schools
Public schools are free
Classes begin in September and end in June
Government spends approx. 20% of budget on education
Largest and most prestigious institution of higher learning: Muhammad V University
World Encyclopedia of
Culture and Daily Life
Moroccan School
LIVING CONDITIONS
Majority live in urban areas
Houses in the north are usually white
Houses in the south are usually reddish brown
Western amenities
Most rooftops are flat (used for washing and hanging laundry or social purposes)
Streets are clean and maintained
Towns are usually connected by two-lane roads
Access to clean water and cooking and heating fuel
World Encyclopedia of
Culture and Daily Life
RELIGION
Majority (99%) are Sunni Muslim
About 69,000 are Christian
6,000-7,000 are Jewish
Islam is the state religion
The Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca is the 2nd largest
mosque in the world
World Encyclopedia of
Culture and Daily Life
Moroccan Religion
ETHNIC GROUPS
Arab Berbers make up 99.1% of population
Berbers make up about 60%
Berbers and Arabs are very closely related and intermingled
Jewish community historically played a significant role, but
its numbers decreased drastically (make up only about 0.2%)
Other groups make up 0.7% including French, Spanish,
Italian, and Algerian nationals that reside in Morocco
Lands and Peoples
CUSTOMS
Hospitality is an art in both cities and small villages
Hosts put their guests before themselves (even risking
their own lives if need be)
Eat at a low, round table
Traditionally to wear old style clothing, but have been
starting to move toward more western wear
Lands and Peoples
Moroccan Decor
CLOTHING
National attire worn by both women and men of any social class: jellaba (floor-length, one-piece, hooded)
Western wear is usually worn under the garment
Religious women cover their hair in public
Berber women wear colorful dresses and straw hats
Often tattoos on forehead, cheek, or neck
Rural men usually wear turbans
World Encyclopedia of
Culture and Daily Life
Traditional Clothing
Lands and Peoples
ARTS
Architecture is very distinctive
Moroccan design lies on city walls and mosques
Traditional music is preserved and represents influences and traditions
Henna tattoos are very popular
Common hobbies include rug weaving, designing, interior decorating
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ENTERTAINMENT
Everyone enjoys music and dancing
Arab music is dominated by string instruments and hand-held drums
Common to see girls and women dancing
Western music is starting to become broadcast more often
MTV is now available by satellite
Festivals with horsemen and firing guns
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of World Cultures
Music and Dancing
HOBBIES
Crafts include: woodworking, pottery, leatherwork
Intricate rugs are woven by hand mostly by the women and take months to finish
Clothes and bags are made from dyed animal skins
Tattooing (Henna): an art by women (mostly Berbers) with a nonpermanent dye; reddish-orange in color
Soccer is very popular (played by boys and men) and is televised
World Encyclopedia of
Culture and Daily Life
RECREATION
Women socialize in the home or on rooftops (knitting,
crocheting, embroidering)
Men may attend movie theaters to socialize (few are
open to women)
Morocco has two television stations (half of programs
in French, other half in Arabic)
Satellites have more programs available
Junior Worldmark
Encyclopedia of World
Cultures
THE MOVE TO CITIES
Began at the end of WWII
People were in search for a work and better life
Sugar mills and tobacco factories attracted many
Range of living conditions in cities is much larger than in rural areas
Not enough jobs for everyone who came
Thousands ended up jobless and hungry
Even today, this problem hasn’t been solved completely
Lands and Peoples
ORGANIZATIONS
Several drama societies, music organizations, and artists’ associations
Professional organizations include societies of doctors, lawyers, pharmacists, and engineers
Several others dedicated to research and education
Two major student political groups: National Union of Moroccan Students and General Union of Moroccan Students
Volunteer organizations: Lions Clubs International, The Red Crescent Society, Caritas
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EMPLOYMENT
Upper class: wealthy merchants and wholesalers or
descendants of the Prophet Muhammad
Latter group includes the royal family
Middle class: educated professionals, servants, lawyers,
doctors, and teachers
Lower class: work in factories and on farms
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INDUSTRY
Leading industrial sectors: rock mining, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction
One of the world’s leading phosphate producers
Two oil refineries
Four plants assembling cars
Agricultural products for local consumption
Boost for manufacturing sector came with the opening of Renault car manufacturing
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(Gale Junior)
TRANSPORTATION
Casablanca is the most important port (second largest in Africa) accounted for 40% of all goods
Eight international airports
30 marine vessels
Railroad system administered by the National Railroad Office
Road network extends 57,625 km
- 1,360,000 passenger cars and 400,000 commercial vehicles
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(Gale Junior)
FOOD AND DRINK
Diet depends on customs, education, and economic rank
Cereals are popular and used to make several meals
Lamb and chicken make up the basic meat dishes
Tea with mint is the most popular drink (sign of hospitality)
Three meals per day
Bread is commonly served with every meal
Lands and Peoples
Moroccan Foods
FAVORITE DISHES
Couscous: made of a cereal and served with a hot sauce that contains meat
Tajin: stew of vegetables (usually served on Fridays)
Harira: Moroccan soup that can be made in many different ways (breaks fast during Ramadan)
World Encyclopedia of
Culture and Daily Life
BERBERS
Majority of Moroccan people are of this background
Identity based on language
Refer to themselves not as Berbers, but Amazigh
Four distinct Berber groups stand today in Morocco
Berber names are not used for official record
Government puts pressure on Berbers to obtain Arab traits
Berber languages are proposed to study in universities
ABC-CLIO World Geography
Fez Sacred Music Festival
2012
CELEBRATIONS
Death of the Earth (May 17): first day of summer; ritual bath in the morning; traditional meal of barley, milk, and buzeffur plant
Anniversary of the Green March (Nov 6): celebrates the 1975 migration on Moroccan volunteers
Fez Sacred Music Festival: several music styles; spritual music performances and musical presentations; films
National Day (March 3): “Festival of the Throne” marks King Hassan II’s accession to the Moroccan throne
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MAJOR HOLIDAYS
Muslim Holidays
Eid al-Fitr comes at the end
of Ramadan
Eid al-Adha celebrates the
Prophet Abrahm
Secular Holidays
King Hassan II’s
Coronation Day (March 3)
Labor Day (May 1)
Independence Day (Nov.
18)
New Year’s Day (Jan. 1)
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Encyclopedia of World
Cultures
HOUSING
Cities
Wide range of housing
Bidonvilles and luxury
apartments
Businessmen and
landowners live in older
sections
Rural Areas
Range is more narrow
Houses made of stone or
clay
Not everyone owns their
own house
Herdsmen live in tents
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Junior)
Map of Morocco
Rooftop view of Marrakesh Lands and Peoples
ABOUT MARRAKESH
Old Moroccan city with narrow streets
Lots of work done in this city
Most afternoons a performance takes place here
around 4:00
Jugglers, snake charmers, acrobats
Huge crowd of all ages
Lands and Peoples
Moroccan Beaches
LANGUAGE
Arabic and French are taught in Moroccan schools
English is taught in some schools
Modern Standard Arabic is the official language (Moroccans speak their own dialect of it)
Spanish is spoken in the northern region of Morocco which was formerly under Spanish rule
Educated people are expected to speak French; it is used in resorts and in business plans
World Encyclopedia of
Culture and Daily Life
RELATIONSHIPS
Greetings and farewells: shake hand
Hugs and kisses on the cheeks for close friends of the same sex
Opposite sex only shake hands
Females and males are kept apart until they are older and understand sexuality
Premarital sexual relations are forbidden
Moroccan males socialize at the cafe because women are rarely present at cafes
Junior Worldmark
Encyclopedia of World
Cultures
DEATH
Deceased are buried within 24 hours
Moroccans mourn for three days
Friends prepare food for the family during the period of mourning
40 days after the death, another mourning period begins with family and friends reciting the Quran in memory
A large meal is then prepared for anyone who is mourning at this time
Student Resource Center (Gale Junior)
El-Badi Palace
hosts the Marrakesh
Popular Arts Festival
CITIES
Casablanca: largest city; old-world community; famous
white buildings; habor is one of the largest in Africa
Rabat: became capitol in 1912; nation’s second-largest city
Fez: founded in 790; third largest city
Marrakesh: fourth largest city founded in the 11th century
Other important cities: Meknes, Tangier, Oujda, Tetuan
Lands and Peoples
ECONOMY
Important sectors: Agriculture, light industry, tourism
Growing rapidly
Some farmers use modern technique
Most-fertile region: Casablanca
Large number of Moroccans engaged in raising livestock: sheep, cattle, donkeys, mules, horses
Fishing has become an important industry
Government is trying to change attitudes and step into the modern world today
Lands and Peoples
Mosques
The Casbah of Telouet
stands in the foothills of the
Atlas Mountains.