When dams becomes old · 2000 - 2017 In whole Europe around 40 large dams are removed, especially...
Transcript of When dams becomes old · 2000 - 2017 In whole Europe around 40 large dams are removed, especially...
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Vézins Dam (Sélune River, Normandie, France to be dismantled (36m / 278 m) Copyright ERN
Dam removal in EuropeWhen dams becomes old
by Roberto Epple , EuropeanRivers Network (ERN)
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ERN, Roberto Epple - 14.03.2014 - Zeist NL
Europe: 5,000 large dams (mostly Run of Hydropower stations +reservoirs)
ERN, Roberto Epple
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2016 : Worldwide more then 50,000 large dams ( > 15 m high)
Out of Europe (China not complete)
Europe (continent)
Renewal of concessions (lisence)
Removal
21 century
(Europe : 5,000)
ERN, Roberto Epple
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Use of dams worldwideDams provide services
Irrigation
36%
Water
Supply
17%
Hydropower
20%
Other
6%
Flood
Control
12%
Recreation
9%
Europe : 70 % Hydropower
ERN, Roberto Epple
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Interruption of the ecological continuity :- Blocking the Fish migration- Loss of Biodiversity - Lack of sediment downstream of dams - deepening of the river bed, ground water level sinks- increasing flood impact downstream- disconnection of lateral water body Example: Rhine River: No more salmon wild salmon, Speed of water flow between Basel and Karlsruhe has doubled, Water retention is reduced
Increasing Erosion of the coastlineExample : strongly damned Rhone River : Loss of 2 - 10 m land/year along the Camargue coastline (Rhone Delta) Saint Marie de la Mere will become an island (Lack sediments - rising sea level)Ebro River Delta
Increasing water temperature in the reservoirs an the rivers - eutrophication impacting water quality and ecosystems
Displacing Millions of humans worldwide
Dams have severe negative environmental and social impacts
ERN, Roberto Epple
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Flooded Village, Yeza Reservoir in Spain.
Copyright ERN Roberto Epple
ERN, Roberto Epple
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Primary Reasons for Dam Removal
1) Ecological Restoration
• Restoration of resident and migratory fish
passage
• Improved water quality (DO/temperature)
• Natural sediment release and transport
• Restoration of riverine vs. reservoir
environment
2) Safety Concerns
• Eliminate threat of dam failure
• Eliminate potential loss of life
3) Economic Reasons
• Eliminate dam owner liability
• Cost-Effective ERN, Roberto Epple
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1802 Puentes Dam, Spain (Murcia) 608 victimes,1864 le Dale Dyke en Grande-Bretagne (Sheffield), 240 victimes1928 Gleno Dam, Italie, 500 victimes1959 Malpasse (Fréjus) France, 423 victimes1983 Vajont Dam, Italie, 1 900 victimes
Total of 3,651 victimes in Europe (major catastrophe only)25,000 victimes worldwide (without China with may be 100-300 000 v.)
Teton Dam, USA 1976
All dams come down one day
ERN, Roberto Epple
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Dam de-commissioning Chronology
First Removal of large dams
1996-98 France:Kemansquillec dam, Léguer River, Bretagne (Côte d'Armor), 15 m Saint Etienne de Vigan Dam 17m (Loire Allier)Maison Rouge Dam 4-6 m, 200m long (Loire Vienne)
1999 USA: Edwards Dam, Kennebec River, MaineWard Paper Mill Dam, Prairie River, Wisconsin
All of them for salmon restauration and safety reasons
ERN, Roberto Epple
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Salmo salar
ERN, Roberto Epple
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Upper Loire River (Brioude, France ) 100,000 salmon in 1905
ERN, Roberto Epple
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First removed large European dam (17m)Saint Etienne de Vigan dam, Allier River (Loire tributary), Copyright SOS Loire Vivante – ERN
ERN, Roberto Epple
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25 June 1997 17:00h. Copyright SOS Loire Vivante – ERN
ERN, Roberto Epple
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Minutes later Copyright SOS Loire-Vivante – ERN
ERN, Roberto Epple
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6 months later
copyright Roberto Epple, ERN
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1999 Edwards Dam, Kennebec River, Maine, USA
ERN, Roberto Epple
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ERN, Roberto Epple
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1999 Ward Paper Mill Dam, Prairie River, Wisconsin
ERN, Roberto Epple
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ERN, Roberto Epple
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2000 Launch of the EU Water Frame Directive(boosting the work on the ecological continuity)
2000 - 2017 In whole Europe around 40 large dams are removed, especially in Spain, Sweden, France). In 2015 France decides to redesign a large dam (including a partial removal)
2008 Dam removal as a solution to restore rivers is presented and discussed during the Zaragoza World Exhibition in Spain
2008 Important national plans are launched to remove small obstacles (ex. France : 2,700 obstacles)
2015 Estimated 3,500 small obstacles have been removed in Europe
2016 Launch of the European Dam Removal Mouvement
ERN, Roberto Epple
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Vézins Dam (Sélune River, Normandie, France, to be dismantled (36m / 278 m)Copyright ERN
Next step in France : the 36 m high Vézin Dam
ERN, Roberto Epple
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Soon in France :
After a 25 year long fight by Loire vivante/ERN :
The partial demolition of the Poutès Dam
(Upper Allier, Loire River Basin, France) is planned in 2017
Partial removal :
- from 20m to 3.8m hight
- Construction of a fully removable gate
- Fish ladders and equipment for the downstream migration
ERN, Roberto Epple
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ERN, Roberto Epple
De-damming is a powerful tool for
river restauration!
Let’s do it !