ICOLDInternational Commission

on Large Dams

Michel de VIVO Secretary General

What Is ICOLD?

International Commission •On Large Dams was founded in Paris in 1928.

Currently comprised of 92 •countries

and 10,000 individual members

Engineering Companies, Consultants, Builders, Development companies, Scientists, Researchers, Engineers, University Professors, Governments, Financial Institutions, Associations..

What does ICOLD do?

ICOLD leads the profession in setting guidelines to ensure that dams are built safely,

economically, and in an environmentally and socially sustainable manner. .

What does ICOLD do?Forum for the exchange of knowledge and experience

Congress every 3 years Next Congress in JAPAN in May 2012

Annual meeting in a different country each year Next Meeting in SWITZERLAND in May 2011

Publications of nearly one century of knowledge Congress Proceedings, Symposia, BulletinsDictionary, Dams Registers, Guidelines

Permanent search for progress25 Technical Committees, 500 experts on specific themes

Promotion of dams for developing countriesHeightening decision-makers and investors ’ awareness, Prospecting for financing, Technical support

ICOLD ’ s main Focus

Dam SafetySocial Impacts

Environmental ImpactsWater Management

Information for the PublicCost Analysis

Monitoring of PerformanceReanalysis of Older Dams

Effects of AgingSharing International Rivers

River Basin Development

PUBLICATIONS Congress Proceedings SymposiaBulletinsDictionary, Dams Registers Guidelines …

Dams and Reservoirs for Human Sustainable Development

Dams in the World

50.000 Large Dams•

1 Million Little Dams•

Total Capacity: 8,300 km3•

Dams in the World

LARGE DAMS %GEOGRAPHICAL REGION

ASIA; 59,7NORTH AMERICA; 21,1

EUROPE; 12,6AFRICA; 3,3

SOUTH AMERICA; 2AUSTRALIA-ASIA; 1,3

Dams in the World

LEADER´S COUNTRIES IN NUMBER OF LARGE DAMS

26278

9265

4636

1267 1205 1121 915 793 635 625 597 549 536 517 5070

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

C h i n a U S A I n d i a S p a i nK o r e a ( R O K )

J a p a nS o u t h A f r i c a

C a n a d aB r a z i l T u r k e y F r a n c e

I t a l y

M e x i c o U n i t e dK i n g d o mA u s t r a l i a

N U M B E R

Dams in the World

IRRIGATION; 38%

HYDROPOWER; 18%WATER SUPPLY;

14%

FLOOD CONTROL; 14%

RECREATION; 8%

NAVIGATION AND FISH FARMING; 3%

OTHERS; 5%

Dams in the WorldUNDER CONSTRUCTION 2007

467

120

73 68 67

28 20 18 11 7 70

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

INDE CHINA JAPON TURKEY BRESIL ESPAGNE PAKISTAN ROUMANIEROMANIA

GRÈCE AFRIQUEDU SUD

MAROC

N U M B E R

1 200 Large Dams under construction

Water Resources in the World

Renewables ( R ) 40.000 Km3 / year•

Natural 9.000 Km3 / year•

Dams and Reservoir 4.000 Km3 / year (31% •AR)

TOTAL available ( AR ) 13.000 Km3 / year •(32.5 % R)

Hydropower in the World

2 100 million tons of CO2 avoided !!!

Ongoing Problems

1 billion people do not •have access to safe drinking water

2 billion people lack •basic sanitation

2 billion people have •no access to electricity

World population is growing: 10 billion people in 2050 !!

Ongoing Problems

Droughts and floods •have devastating impacts on the food supply and living conditions for 200 millions people every year.

Greenhouse gases •emissions are threatening to change our climate

Oil resources are •depleting

We must face the Climate Changes !!

Solving these Problems

In many cases dams have proved to be a sustainable and successful development

tool to address these problems

For Flood Regulation

For Agriculture Development

For a large supply of drinking water

For an Affordable Electricity

For Replacing Polluting Energies

For Reducing Deforestation

For Developing Tourism and Fish Breeding

Dams contribute tothe fight against Climate Changes

Clean and Cheap Energy replace Fossil Energies

Abundant Energy in Developing Countries reduce Disforestation

Immediately available Energy replace Fossil Energy for Peak daily Consumption

Incomparable tool for Grid Regulation

Fight against the Causes of Climate Changes:

Dams contribute tothe fight against Climate Changes

Reservoirs regulate the impacts of devastating floods

Large water storages reduce the “ Water Stress”

Fight against the Consequences of Climate Changes:

Electricity in Africa

in Africa, 70% of the people live without electricity…

8% of the hydroelectrical potential is exploited…

Africa : 450 kWh/cap/year

North America : 12 000 kWh/cap/year

Electricity in Africa

Water storage in Africa

Region Potential Hydroelectricity produced

   TWh / y TWh / y %

Europe 790 560 71%

Asia 4 000 950 24%

Africa 1 100 85 8%

North America 1 000 670 67%

South America 1 600 600 38%

Oceania 90 55 61%

World 8 580 2 920 34%

Grand Inga hydroelectric potential is more than 280 TWh ..

Hydropower potential in the World

Hydropower Potential in the World

Average costs of Electricity

Solar 0.40 – 1.00 $/kWh•

Fuel 0.15 – 0.30 $/kWh•

Wind 0.10 – 0.15 $/kWh•

Gas (CC) 0.04 – 0.07 $/kWh•

Coal 0.03 – 0.05 $/kWh•

Nuclear 0.03 – 0.04 $/kWh•

Hydro (Large) 0.02 – 0.05 $/kWh•

Grand Inga less than 0,01 $/kWh•

The bigger the dams, the less costly… .

Hydropower potential in Africa

African hydropower potential is 1100 TWh•

3 among the 4 largest dams in the world are African but the largest •African Power plant is only at the 30th rank in the world…

For example: Grand Inga could produce 280 TWh•

Large possibilities of transmission

Interconnections in progress•

WAPP EAPP

SAPP CAPP NAPP

WAPP EAPP

SAPP

NAPP

CAPP

World Declaration

Under the impulse of ICOLD, several International Organizations decided to sign in 2008 a common World Declaration in order to support:

“ Dams and Hydropower for Africa Sustainable Development”

AU African Union, WEC World Energy CouncilICID International Commission on Irrigation and DrainageUSCE US Corp of EngineersIHA International Hydropower AssociationUPDEA Union of Producers and Distributor of Electricity in AfricaICOLD International Commission on Large Dams

Etc ..

Conditions are now ripe for

Conditions are now ripe for hydropower development in Africa

“ Its is a period of unique opportunity” The political context is very favourable: Ministerial Declaration, •

Johannesburg, March 9 2006 had a strong message for Hydropower

International financing institutions are encouraging dam and Hydropower•

Hydropower generation is “ cheap” while other energies’ prices are high•

Hydropower generation is “ clean” and part of solution to climate change •

The interconnected high voltage African network is being constructed•

Hydropower potential in Africa is vast and underexploited•

Needs of the African population is now almost in a case of emergency•

“ Nothing can be started without developing Capacity Building first ”

ICOLD launched in 2006 a first training programme for African technicians and engineers:

Programme: 3 Years - 1 month per year•

Participants number: around 20 persons per year•

Participants from : Mali, Burkina Faso, Morocco, Nigeria, Zambia etc•

Host country of the programme: Turkey (DSI)•

This pilot programme will be duplicated with other countries: China Morocco, Austria, Spain, France, …

ICOLD also launched Several Regional Congresses in Africa in order to share experiences in Dam & Hydropower: Burkina 2006, Nigeria 2007 …

African Countries Members of ICOLD

Algeria

Burkina FasoSouth Africa

CameroonCongo (RDC)Ivory Coast

EgyptEthiopiaGhana

Lesotho

Libya

MaliMoroccoMozambique

MadagascarNigeriaSudan

TunisiaZambia

Zimbabwe

Main Dam benefitsfor African countries

Dams are an answer to support the development of the countries

Dams for large agriculture development

Dams for a cheap and sustainable energy in the cities and villages

Dams for water for every body

Main benefits for ICOLD members

To belong to a widely recognized international organisation

To share a one century-old experience and knowledge

To meet potential partners for elaborating and developing projects

To get logistical support from ICOLD Central Office for documentation and contacts.

To access to the richest library in the world in the field of dams

To contribute to the evolution of knowledge in the field of dams, water and hydroelectricity

To be an actor of the evolution of our world …

Quote“ Political freedom alone is still not enough

if you lack clean water.

Freedom alone is not enoughwithout light to read at night,without time or access to water to irrigate you farm, without the ability to catch fish to feed your family.

For these reasonsthe struggle for sustainable developmentnearly equals the struggle for political freedom.

They can grow togetheror they can unravel each other.”

Nelson Mandela

Thank you !

www.icold-cigb.org

We invite you to join us:

May 2011 ICOLD Annual Meeting LUCERNE SwitzerlandMay 2012 ICOLD Congress KYOTO Japan