Wheat and barley Legacy for Breeding Improvement · The importance of agriculture in Europe 40 %...

Wheat and barley Legacy for Breeding Improvement

COLLEGE / UNIVERSITIES PROJECT

First session – from Sept to Dec 2016

S. CREPIEUX, Arcadia International

Roadmap

• Short introduction (5’)

• Some facts about Europe (10’)

• What is the Europe of research? (15’)

• What is a European research project? TheWHEALBI project

– Key elements of WHEALBI (20’)– Exemple of one participating institute/company:UK : NIAB and the work carried on WHEALBI (30’)

HUN: MTA-ATK and the work carried on WHEALBI (30’)

GER: ITK and the work carried on WHEALBI (30’)

IT: SIS and the work carried on WHEALBI (30’)

Roadmap

• The “college project” (40’)– Introduction

– Who is participating?

– What is the goal?

– The trial

– The varieties

– What’s next : the traits to record

– The work done by Vetagro Sup in Spring 2016 - anddrilling in UK, Hungary, Germany (videos)

– Conclusion (5’)

Trial visit + questions

S. CREPIEUX, S. CREPIEUX, S. CREPIEUX, S. CREPIEUX, ArcadiaArcadiaArcadiaArcadia InternationalInternationalInternationalInternational

The The The The EuropeanEuropeanEuropeanEuropean Union …Union …Union …Union …

What is the European Union – some facts

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8G1cds52Ko0

Italy :

http://www.rai.it/dl/RaiTV/programmi/media/ContentItem

-c40db244-5b4a-4492-8142-88117af65217.html

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/20/what-is-the-eu-

why-was-it-created-and-when-was-it-formed1/

Hungary : facts

• https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/countries/member-countries/hungary_en

• Example: Hungary’s finances with the EU in 2014:

• Total EU spending in Hungary – € 6.620 billion

• Total Hungarian contribution to the EU budget – € 0.890 billion

• (Hungarian contribution to the EU budget as % of its GNI – 0.88 %)

• Other countries, see : https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/countries/member-countries

Some successes built in Europe…

• Environmental policy

• Solidarity and development aid

• Mobility (Erasmus, Schengen)

• European market

• European citizenship

• Opening to other cultures, prosperity and no more wars

• Research policies

• (…)

Climate change – a global challenge

• reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40 % by 2030, compared to 1990

• raise the share of renewable energy to 27 % by 2030 (wind, solar, hydro power, biomass)

• increase energy efficiency by 27 % by 2030

To stop global warming, EU leaders decided in 2014 to:

Solidarity in practice: the EU cohesion policy

• Regional fund

• Social fund

• Cohesion fund

Less-developed regions: GDP per capita under 75 % of the EU average

Transition regions: GDP per capita between 75 % and 90 % of the EU average

More-developed regions: GDP per capita over 90 % of the EU average

2014-2020: € 352 billion invested in infrastructure, business, environment and training of workers for the benefit of poorer regions and citizens

The single market: freedom of choice

The single market has led to:

• significant reductions in the price of many products and services, including airfares and phone calls

• more choice for consumers

• 2.8 million new jobs

Four freedoms of movement:

• goods

• services

• people

• capital

Free to move

‘Schengen’

• No police or customs checks at borders between most EU countries

• Controls strengthened at the EU’s external borders

• More cooperation between police from different EU countries

• Buy and bring back any goods for personal use when you travel between EU countries

Going abroad to learn

Erasmus+

Every year, more than 400 000

young people study or pursue

personal development in other

European countries with the

support of the EU’s Erasmus+

programme for education,

training, youth and sport.

Improving health and the environment

EU action has helped bring about:

• cleaner bathing water

• much less acid rain

• lead-free petrol

• easy and safe disposal of old electronic equipment

• strict rules on food safety from farm to fork

• more organic and quality farming

• more effective health warnings on cigarettes

• registration and control of all chemicals (REACH)

Pollution knows no borders – joint action needed

An area of freedom, security and justice

• EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

• Joint fight against terrorism

• Cooperation between police and law-enforcers in different EU countries

• Coordinated asylum and immigration policies

• Civil law cooperation

The EU: an exporter of peace and prosperity

• World trade rules

• Common foreign and security policy

• Development assistance and humanitarian aid

The EU is the biggest provider of development aid in the world

The EU provides over half of all development aid

Official development aid, billion € (2013)

56

24

8

EU United States Japan

Protecting consumers' rights

• Clear labelling

• Health and safety standards

• Unfair practice in contracts prohibited

• Passengers’ rights, such as compensation for long delays

• Help to resolve problems

As a consumer you are protected by basic laws all over the EU, even when you travel or shop online

Gender equality

The gender pay gap:

Women in the EU earn on average 16.4 % less per hour than men.

Research - investing in the knowledge society

Spending on research and development in 2012 (% of GDP)

2,1%

3,0%

1,8%

3,3%

2,7%

EU EU objective2020

China Japan United States

The Europe of Research

Sébastien CREPIEUX

Introduction

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bl6Yc5SDeg0

The framework programmes (FP)

Start : 1984 ; 8 framework programmes

Goal : Create a European Research Area

Quite a big success of the European Research policy

European Investment in Research,a rough idea

EC - FPs5%

National - public, private

95%

- Transnational scientific

collaboration

- Integration, pooling of resources

- Transfer of know-how,

mobility of researchers

and training

EU Framework funding for research

…. not significant in absolute terms, but contribute s to shape national research agendas and boosting :

The framework programmes (FP)

Start : 1984 ; 8 framework programmes

Goal : Create a European Research Area

Quite a big success of the European Research policy

2014-2020

>80B€

What is Horizon 2020?80 billion euro research and innovation funding

programme (2014-20)

A core part of Europe 2020. Why?

- Responding to the economic crisis to invest in future jobs and growth

- Addressing peoples’ concerns about their livelihoods, safety and environment.

- Strengthening the EU’s global position in research, innovation and technology

The Programme on Research and innovation called Horizon 2020

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cympbCJSDtw

The importance of agriculture in Europe

40 % (172 m ha) of the EU’s land area is farmed.

Utilised agricultural area:60 % arable land33% permanent grasslands6% permanent crops

Annual agricultural output worth €360 billion

13.7 m agricultural holdings:

40% crop farming

22% livestock

38% mixed-farming holdings

* Figures from EUROSTAT 2007

Agriculture: Jobs, food security, environment, rural development, social cohesion

Challenges to current agriculture

Population growth + changing consumption patterns (demand for animal products) � Food production to be increased by 70% by 2050

FOOD SECURITY

Increased environmental instability/ climate change effects DIVERSIFICATION, INCREASED RESILIENCE OF FARMING SYSTEMS

Diminishing finite resources (e.g. soil, water, nutrients, energy)

RESOURCE EFFICIENCY, LOW INPUT PRODUCTION

Competing demands for land use, e.g. through increased non-food production and urbanisation

SUSTAINABLE LAND USE MANAGEMENT, MULTIPLE USES OF AGRICULTURAL (BY)-PRODUCTS

Main global drivers for change and associated challenges

INNOVATION

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

Little focus on the bioeconomy thematic whichwill – hopefully - totally change our society:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xvXkOMRTs4&list=PLvpwIjZTs-LiDRHZLsjkpM-xVGzV7b2Zv&index=3

Before H2020, from 2007 to 2013…The FP7

Same philosophy more targeted research thaninnovation (more univ. than SME’s/industries)

The WHEALBI project is one of the last proposal funded under FP7


COLLEGE / UNIVERSITIES PROJECT

Introduction to WHEALBI and to the college project

S. CREPIEUX, Arcadia International

Why WHEALBI PROJECT?

• Expanding population, less arable land

• Safe and environmentally friendly foodproduction

• Environmentally AND economically sustainableagriculture

• Adapting climate change

• Facing possible resources shortage (Energy, P,water…)

• After huge improvement, cereal yields arestagnating in EU

• Genetic progress (decrease?) not sufficient tocompensate adverse climatic factors

• Substitute genetics and agronomy to chemicalpest/disease (+weed?) control

• Varieties and crop management systems mustco-evolve towards productivity (of inputs) andsustainability

Why WHEALBI PROJECT?

EU ranks first for wheat (137 Mt) and barley (53 Mt) production

Wheat yield in top 5 countries in EU

WHEALBI

But cereal yields are stagnating in EU

Genetic progress must be speed up: needs for new methods…

Expected effect of climate change (% loss in

brown) on world Cereal Production 2050

(Nelson et al., 2010,www.ifpri.org)

The consortiumKick-off meeting. Clermont-Ferrand, March 11-12 201 4

Example of one participant and one WP:

http://www.niab.com

Example of one participating institute:

IPK Gatersleben

http://www.ipk-gatersleben.de/

Example of one participating institute:

MTA – ATK Martonvasar

http://mgi.agrar.mta.hu/

Example of one partner:

http://www.sisonweb.com/it/

Dissemination, training and technology transfer

DISSEMINATION Leader WP: Sébastien Crépieux

Objectives: Make use of the project results – of major importance for any European project!

Disseminate information, reach the stakeholders (Plant Breeders, farmers, cooperatives, agro-industry, relevant

policy makers/platforms/associations)and target general public (including students)

Train young scientists and breeders

The College Project

http://www.whealbi.eu/college-project/

Objectives: To communicate around WHEALBI project and show the

importance of genetic resources for the future of agriculture, 5 European agriculture colleges and universities, coming

from 5 different countries (Italy, France, UK, Germany and Hungary ) will be involved in the dissemination of the project

The College Project

http://www.whealbi.eu/college-project/

Idea: Ask the different colleges/universities to conduct small trials on 15 diverse wheat and 15 diverse barley to

investigate, on a pedagogical way, the genetic diversity

Students from the different countries will be in contact (social network, dropbox, skype…) to discuss and analyse

informations about the diversity of the same varietiescultivated in different locations / environments

The College Project

Start of the project : September/October 2016

Participants:

Vetagro sup (Clermont-Ferrand, France)

Easton&Otley College (Norwich, UK)

Anhalt University of Applied Science (Anhalt, Germany)

Istituto Tecnico Agrario e Chimico Scarabelli – Ghini (Imola, Italy)

Georgikon Faculty , University of Pannonia (Keszthely, Hungary)

The College Project

Start of the project : September/October 2016

Timing:

September-December 2016 (according to usual sawing date): Introduction of the project to the students sawing of

the trials)

List of varieties with originAccession Species

Country of origin

Biological status

Year listed

Tiepolo Wheat Italy Current variety 2009

MV-Kolo Wheat Hungary Current variety 2006

KWS Santiago Wheat UK Current variety 2011

Soissons Wheat France Cultivar 1995

Bankuti-1201 Wheat Hungary Old cultivar 1955

Robigus Wheat UK Cultivar 2003

Hereward Wheat UK Cultivar 1991

WW 502 Wheat China Landrace

WW 512 Wheat Italy Landrace

Alchemy Wheat UK Cultivar 2006

Ardito Wheat Italy Old cultivar 1916

Apache Wheat France Cultivar 1999

Hivernal Wheat France Cultivar 1962

KWS Magic Wheat Germany Cultivar

Granit Wheat Russia Old cultivar 1978

Victo Wheat France Cultivar 1994

Accession SpeciesCountry of origin

Biological status

Year listed

Amillis Barley France cultivar 1995

Dea Barley Germany old cultivar 1953

Fridericus Barley Germany cultivar 2006

Hatif de Grignon Barley France old cultivar 1937

Ketos Barley France cultivar 2002

KWS Infinity Barley UK elite cultivar 2014?

Lomerit Barley UK elite cultivar 2007?

Robur Barley France cultivar 1973

Saffron Barley UK elite cultivar 2005?

Sixtine Barley Italy cultivar 2004

Manas Barley Ukraine cultivar 1995

Igri Barley Germany cultivar

Nure Barley Italy cultivar 1998

Tripolitaine 9598 Barley Lybia landrace

Aldebaran Barley Italy cultivar 2003

Tibet-A4 Barley Tibet landrace

Trial Example

Simple and no replicated design ��highly heritable traits recorded (mostly morphological)

Easy manual sawing possible (1 seed every 2cm, 3 * 1 met er rows/ variety)

Ex. WHEAT and BARLEY trials (to be defined later) max 10m

Max. size : 40m²

1m Path (0,5m) 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m

Wheat 3 rows, 0,5m VAR 1 VAR 2 VAR 3 CONTROL VAR 4 VAR 5

Path (0,5m)

VAR 6 CONTROL VAR 7 VAR 8 VAR 9 VAR 10

max 4m

Barley CONTROL var 1 var 2 var 3 var 4 var 5

var 6 var 7 var 8 var 9 var 10 CONTROL

The College Project

Timing:

Winter 2016: quick check of the trials by the students

March/April 2017: Intervention of a WHEALBI consortium member: Total : 1 to 2 days.

courses + trial visit + first recordings + discussion

The College Project

Timing:

From April 2017 to end of courses:Once or twice a week: recordings (personal work – can start to exchange with other colleges; ask questions on the forum, take pictures for disease identification to ask other colleges,

etc)

Beginning of June 2017 (according to college exams) or September 2017: small statistical and genetical analysis +

interaction with other colleges – videoconference

Video : drilling in UK

Video : Presentation Hungary

Video : Germany

Pictures + video: drilling in Italy


Students trials

HOW TO DESCRIBE GENETIC RESSOURCES?

S. CREPIEUX, Arcadia InternationalIllustration and participation Audrey Didier, INRA CRB

Many data can be collected on trials

One way to do it : upload a smartphone application for recording

Search for : « Field Book App » :

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.fieldbook.tracker&hl=frhttp://www.wheatgenetics.org/field-book

Or on paper ��you will get the file!

Work in binoms

Colloque « Céréales », MHN Toulouse, 19 juin 2015

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Go to the field and record !

How to describe genetic ressources?

Primary agro-morphological data


Ear emergence(when does the ear goes out

of the stem?)

Height

Frost resistance(did they survive to

winter?)

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Primary agro-morphological data


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Resistance to lodging (doesthe plant fallover or not?)

How to describe genetic ressources?


awns traitAnd awns length

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– Leaf width: mm of the flag leaf from the main culm,

measured at the widest point.Measured taken at maturity,

average value of 8 measures per plot.

– Leaf length: mm of the flag leaf of the main culm, from

auricles to the tip. Measuredtaken at maturity, average

value of 8 measures per plot.– Peduncle length: mm from the last node to the base of

the spike. Measured taken onthe main culm, average value

of 8 measures per plot.

Measures on flag leaf and peduncule (highly related to

canopy and yield)

Les données agro-morphologiques


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Glume colour

Disease resistances : scores from 0 to 9Powdery mildew


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0: no disease5 : middle infection

9 : full infection

Disease resistances : scores from 0 to 9Yellow rust


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Disease resistances : scores from 0 to 9Brown rust (stem or leaf)


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Disease resistances : scores from 0 to 9+ many more other diseases for wheat and barley if you want to go further and find other symptoms : Eyespot, Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus, Septoria Tritici, Tan

Spot, Take all, etc… Have a look at the guides on the Dropbox +

https://www.plantvillage.org/topics/barley/infos/diseases_and_pests_description_uses_propagation


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Septoria tritici Eyespot Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus

On the grainOptionnaly after harvesting, can be done :


Grain colour

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Thousand Grain Weight(count 200 and weight)

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Takepictures

during the different

processes

Recordings


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Traits (fin : 20/05)Frost resistance (winter survival)Ear emergence (heading date +- 2cm above flag leaf)Plant HeightLodgingawnsawns lengthPeduncle length (or other morphological)YRBRMildewSeptoriaPictures

– Leaf width mm of the flag leaf from the main culm, measured at the widest point.Measured taken at maturity, average value of 8 measures per plot.– Leaf length mm of the flag leaf of the main culm, from auricles to the tip. Measuredtaken at maturity, average value of 8 measures per plot.– Peduncle length mm from the last node to the base of the spike. Measured taken onthe main culm, average value of 8 measures per plot.– Extrusion of Peduncle length mm from the auricle of the flag leaf to the base of thespike. Measured taken on the main culm, average value of 8 measures per plot.– Fruiting efficiency [grain/spike weight ratio] This can be done by hand-harvestingabout 10 spikes per plot from main culms and then weighing them and handthreshingto get the grain. If possible also take the length of the spikes.

Recordings


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VetagroSup - Video


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http://www.whealbi.eu/fr/college-project-vetagrosup/

VetagroSup - Video


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Facebook community has been created to exchange with other students

https://www.facebook.com/groups/whealbi/?fref=ts

Where videos, pictures are available

Questions?


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Next to come… trial visit + record short students pre sentation + video of the trial !

Wheat and barley Legacy for Breeding Improvement · The importance of agriculture in Europe 40 %...

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