What women want: sports nutrition for the active...
Transcript of What women want: sports nutrition for the active...
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Dr Lauren C Duckworth
Senior Lecturer in Sport and Exercise Nutrition
Academic Associate of the Sport and Exercise Nutrition Register
School of Sport, Carnegie Faculty
Leeds Beckett University, UK
What women want: sports
nutrition for the active female
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• Traditionally sport and exercise nutrition research has
focused on males aged 18-35 years
• Understanding that requirements of females may be different
• Responses to nutritional interventions may differ
• Overall aims of exercise are also different
Nutrition for the active female
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• Exercise and dietary practices are not well documented
• Survey of 200 active females aged 18-45 years in NE
England
• Defined as being physically active for at least 30 min a
day, at least 3 days per week for at least the previous 6
months
• 40 questions – demographics, dietary habits, appetite and mood, exercise habits
Nutrition for the active female
Veasey et al., The Effect of Breakfast Consumption Prior to Exercise on Cognitive Performance, Mood
and Appetite, Under Review (Phd Thesis)
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Survey results
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Main reasons for exercising (n=200)
Veasey et al., The Effect of Breakfast Consumption Prior to Exercise on Cognitive
Performance, Mood and Appetite, Under Review (Phd Thesis)
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• Exercise improves mood, alertness,
concentration and improved ability to
perform work
• Over half the sample reported that they
felt hungrier for the rest of the day
when they had exercised in the morning
compared to days with no exercise
Survey results
Veasey et al., The Effect of Breakfast Consumption Prior to Exercise on Cognitive
Performance, Mood and Appetite, Under Review (Phd Thesis)
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Gender differences- fuel utilisation
Suggested that women more accurately balance energy expenditure and intake
to defend body fat stores and preserve reproductive function.
Tarnopolsky, M.A. (2000). Gender differences in metabolism; nutrition and supplements. Journal of Science
and Medicine in Sport 3 (3): 287-298.
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Gender differences- fuel utilisation
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Gender differences- food choice
Gender Differences in Food Choice and Dietary Intake in Modern Western Societies in "Public Health -
Social and Behavioral Health“ (2012)
More aware about diet
Embrace dietary change
“quality/freshness,
price”,
Greater level of nutritional
knowledge
Habitual and routine,
necessary activity to fuel
Perceive healthy eating as
monotonous / unsatisfying.
“taste”
More independent
regarding food preferences
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• Gender differences in post-
exercise appetite regulation?
• Potential issue of over-
compensation following
exercise over consecutive days
Appetite regulation: acute exercise
Thackray et al. (2016) Exercise, Appetite and Weight Control: Are There Differences between
Men and Women? Nutrients, 8, 583
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Appetite regulation: chronic exercise
Thackray et al. (2016) Exercise, Appetite and Weight Control: Are There Differences between
Men and Women? Nutrients, 8, 583
• 12-week exercise programme
• No changes in daily energy
intakes
• No weight changes
• Large individual variability
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Appetite regulation- exercise vs. diet
Alajmi et al. (2016) Appetite and Energy Intake Responses to Acute Energy Deficits in Females versus
Males, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 48, 3, 412–420.
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• In response to long-term endurance exercise, women oxidise proportionately more lipid and
less carbohydrate and protein as compared to men.
• Men and women show similar rates of glycogen re-synthesis when carbohydrate (~0.6–1.0
g/kg) and protein (~10 g) are consumed in the minutes following exercise.
• Women are at greater risk for energy and protein insufficiency as compared to men due to
the greater incidence of energy restriction.
• Men and women do not exhibit different responses (appetite, appetite-regulatory hormones,
energy intake) to acute or chronic exercise-induced energy deficits.
Conclusions…
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• We need to do more research in females!
• Acute studies versus chronic practice
• Growing developments in sports nutrition products for the active female
• Recovery from exercise induced muscle damage – does oestrogen play a
protective role?
• Muscle glycogen and lipid utilisation and resynthesis in females
• Specific nutrient requirements of female athletes
Future research…
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Thank you
@duckworth_l
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