What were the differences between the Federalists and the Jeffersonians regarding the French...

What were the differences between the Federalists and the

Jeffersonians regarding the French revolution?

Edmond Genêt by Ezra Ames, 1809–1810Citizen Edmond Genêt's visit caused the first major diplomatic crisis in the new nation. His attempts to enlist Americans in support of the French Revolution raised troubling questions about the international role of the United States. (Collection of the Albany Institute of History and Art. Bequest of George Genêt.)

Edmond Genêt by Ezra Ames, 1809–1810

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Washington’s Neutrality

ProclamationSITUATION: Britain and France at war, again.PROBLEM: Franco-American alliance of 1778

implies the US should side with France, but Britain will retaliate against the new, weak US and its merchant marine.

SOLUTION: Well…. Delay.

Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation established an American tradition of isolationism, but was popular with no one: French, British, Federalists, or Jeffersonians/Republicans.

Embroilments with Britain1783 British operating frontier forts on US soil

1794: Gen. Wayne (US) wins Battle of Fallen Timbers against Indians supported by British arms/Canadians

1795: Treaty of Greenville, Indians cede Ohio to US

1793Britain ignores US neutrality, seizing ships and impressing sailors.

1794: Jay’s Treaty negotiated with Britain

1795: Pinkney’s Treaty negotiated with Spain

Treaty of Greenville

In the Treaty of Greenville, the United States formally accepted the principle of Indian sovereignty, by virtue of residence, over all lands the native peoples had not ceded. (National Archives)

Treaty of Greenville


Sketch of Stockbridge Indian serving with the American ArmyLike other Native Americans in locales long dominated by whites, the Stockbridge Indians of western Massachusetts contributed substantially to the patriots' military effort. (From Joseph P. Tustin, Diary of the American War: A Hessian Journal by Captain Johann Ewald, Field Jager Corps. (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1979). By permission of Yale University Press.)

Sketch of Stockbridge Indian serving with the American Army


Jay’s Treaty & Pinckney’s Treaty

Jay’s Treaty:+ British pledge to evacuate

US soil- They should have already

done this in 1783- US bound to pay pre-

revolutionary accounts to Brit. Merchants

- Jeffersonian South would have to pay the majority of these debts.

OVERALL: - Negative resultTreaty hurts Federalists, Washington, & vitalizes the Republicans

Pinkney’s Treaty:

+ Spain meets all of US demands

+ Spain concedes disputed land in N. Florida to US

+Spain grants navigation rights on the Mississippi to Americans

OVERALL: Positive Result

Washington’s Farewell AddressIn relation to the still subsisting war in Europe, my proclamation of the twenty-

second of April, I793, is the index of my plan. Sanctioned by your approving voice, and by that of your representatives in both houses of Congress, the spirit of that measure has continually governed me, uninfluenced by any attempts to deter or divert me from it.

After deliberate examination, with the aid of the best lights I could obtain, I was well satisfied that our country, under all the circumstances of the case, had a right to take, and was bound in duty and interest to take, a neutral position. Having taken it, I determined, as far as should depend upon me, to maintain it, with moderation, perseverance, and firmness…

…The duty of holding a neutral conduct may be inferred, without anything more, from the obligation which justice and humanity impose on every nation, in cases in which it is free to act, to maintain inviolate the relations of peace and amity towards other nations.

The inducements of interest for observing that conduct will best be referred to your own reflections and experience. With me a predominant motive has been to endeavor to gain time to our country to settle and mature its yet recent institutions, and to progress without interruption to that degree of strength and consistency which is necessary to give it, humanly speaking, the command of its own fortunes.

“Bonny Johnny”Adams2nd President of US, 1796-1801

• A “low” Federalist• Narrowly elected in

first PARTISAN election in US

• Jefferson is VP as runner-up (though different party!!!)

• BIGGEST CHALLENGE:

Jay’s Treaty

Property Protected, a la FrancoiseThis cartoon, drawn during the XYZ affair, depicts the United States as a maiden being victimized by the five leaders of the French government's directorate. In the background, John Bull (England) watches from on high, while other European nations discuss the situation. (The Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana)

Property Protected, a la Francoise


Really Stuck in the Middle…THE XYZ AFFAIR

• Americans respond to French seizure of US merchant ships (over 300 by mid -1797)

• Adams sends envoys, including John Marshall• French diplomats demand bribes• Americans leave without talking to French

officials or paying bribe• US drifts toward war AGAINST ally France • Adams, against wishes of Hamilton/High

Federalists, sends second group in 1799• Franco-American alliance officially ends in

Convention of 1800

Sedition Act (abridged) July 14 1798WHY IS THIS HURTING THE JEFFERSONIANS?

SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That if any persons shall unlawfully combine or conspire together, with intent to oppose any measure or measures of the government of the United States, which are or shall be directed by proper authority, or to impede the operation of any law of the United States, or to intimidate or prevent any person holding a place or office in or under the government of the United States, from undertaking, performing or executing his trust or duty, and if any person or persons, with intent as aforesaid, shall counsel, advise or attempt to procure any insurrection, riot, unlawful assembly, or combination, whether such conspiracy, threatening, counsel, advice, or attempt shall have the proposed effect or not, he or they shall be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and on conviction, before any court of the United States having jurisdiction thereof, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, and by imprisonment during a term not less than six months nor exceeding five years; and further, at the discretion of the court may be ho]den to find sureties for his good behaviour in such sum, and for such time, as the said court may direct.

Alien Act (abridged) July 4 1798WHY IS THIS HURTING THE JEFFERSONIANS?

SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That whenever there shall be a declared war between the United States and any foreign nation or government, or any invasion or predatory incursion shall be perpetrated, attempted, or threatened against the territory of the United States, by any foreign nation or government, and the President of the United States shall make public proclamation of the event, all natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of the hostile nation or government, being males of the age of fourteen years and upwards, who shall be within the United States, and not actually naturalized, shall be liable to be apprehended, restrained, secured and removed, as alien enemies.

Virginia and Kentucky ResolutionsCompare and Contrast!!!

http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/compare/kenfr.htm



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