Establishing the Republic: The Jeffersonians
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Transcript of Establishing the Republic: The Jeffersonians
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Establishing the Republic:The Jeffersonians
Chapter 13
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13-1: Jefferson’s First Term
• Elected in 1800• Simple inauguration• Promised to work with Republicans and
Federalists alike
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The New Administration
• Wanted a “wise and frugal government”– Cut backs– Not too many changes
• Decided to pay off the national debt– Cut money from other programs like the army,
navy, and state department
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The Tripolitan War
• Jefferson wanted to save money so he stopped paying off the Barbary pirates and sent the navy to protect American ships
• Sultan of Tripoli demanded money from US• Navy blockaded the harbor of Tripoli and Marines
seized the port• US won, but Americans continued to pay of
countries on the Barbary Coast• Showed US needed to be able to defend itself
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New Appointments
• Jefferson removed 105 Federalists from office and replaced them with Republicans
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Jefferson and the Midnight Judges
• Adams passed the Judiciary Act of 1801 to try to get more Federalists into power
• Jefferson repealed it and passed the Judiciary Act of 1802 which allowed him to put more Republicans in power
• Republicans tried to impeach Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase, but they decided judges could only be impeached for criminal conduct
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The Marshall Court
• Adams appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
• He was a Federalist, but a lot like Jefferson• Brought prestige to the Supreme Court
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The Marbury Decision
• Marbury v. Madison (1803)• Established judicial review – first case in which
the Supreme Court declared an act of Congress to be unconstitutional
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McCulloch v. Maryland
• 1819• Struck down a Maryland law that tried to tax
the Second Bank of the US• Said a state law could not interfere with a
federal law• Said Congress could do what was necessary to
carry out duties that the Constitution did not specifically forbid
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The Louisiana Purchase
• Spain secretly gave Louisiana Territory to France in 1800
• Napoleon sold Louisiana Territory to US for $15 million
• Doubled the size of the nation
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Lewis and Clark Explore the West
• Congress sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the new territory
• Left from St. Louis, Missouri and ended at the mouth of the Columbia River
• Sacajawea joined them as guide and translator• Increased knowledge of plants, animals, and
people of North America• Mapped route for future explorers
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Zebulon Pike
• Led unsuccessful expedition to find the source of the Mississippi River from 1805-1806
• Explored between Arkansas and Red rivers and saw the mountain later named Pike’s Peak
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13-2: Jefferson’s Second Term
• Elected again in 1804
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The Fate of Aaron Burr
• Burr was part of a plan to have the northern states break away from the Union
• Hamilton ruined his plans• Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel, which he
accepted• Hamilton fired into the air while Burr killed
him
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• Burr fled to avoid being charged with murder• Burr sailed down the Ohio to the Mississippi• He was part of another plan to break away
from the Union• Tried for treason but not convicted
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The Leopard and the Chesapeake
• British were stopping American ships and attempting to seize, or impress, sailors
• The Leopard, a British ship, stopped The Chesapeake, an American ship in US waters
• Demanded to search the ship for British naval deserters
• Chesapeake refused, so the Leopard opened fire, killing 3 and wounding 18
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• Outraged Americans, but they couldn’t do much about it – naval funding had been cut
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Trade Restrictions
• American trade ships carrying goods to Europe were in danger from both France and Britain
• Trade brought much growth and prosperity to America
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The Embargo
• Embargo Act passed in December 1807• Outlawed all exports of American goods • Forbade American ships from trading with
foreign nations• Harmed America more than France of Britain• Smuggling trade grew• Forced to repeal it in 1809 right before his
presidency ended
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13-3: James Madison, President
• Elected in 1808• Republican from Virginia
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Tecumseh’s Confederation
• Natives lost much land to the people on the frontier
• Tecumseh wanted to form a confederation to lead the fight against their losses
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Battle of Tippecanoe
• William Henry Harrison, the governor of the Indiana Territory, attacked the natives at Tippecanoe
• Harrison’s troops won and destroyed the natives town
• Harrison looked like a hero, but he had made enemies with the confederation
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Nonintercourse Act
• Passed in 1809 after the embargo was repealed
• Allowed trade with all nations except Great Britain and France until they ended restrictions on American shipping
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Macon’s Bill Number Two
• Removed all restrictions on trade• If either France and Britain would honor
American rights, the US would impose restrictions on the other country
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• Napoleon announced he would repeal French restrictions
• America stopped trade with Britain• Britain decided to honor American shipping
rights after Madison had asked Congress to declare war on Britain
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War of 1812
• See reading handout and notes handout for more information
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Madison’s Economic Plans
• Second Bank of the US– Regulate currency and prevent counterfeits
• Protective tariff– Encourage the growth of manufacturing
• Internal improvements– Roads– Tie parts of the country more closely together
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13-4: The Era of Good Feelings
• James Monroe became president in 1816• From Virginia• Republican
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The Administration of Monroe
• Nickname for his presidency: Era of Good Feelings
• His secretary of state: John Quincy Adams• Territory added: East and West Florida• Treaty signed: Adams-Onis Treaty
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The Missouri Compromise
• Proposed by: Henry Clay• Year passed: 1820• Three main provisions:– Missouri admitted to the Union as a slave state– Maine admitted to the Union as a free state– All new states north of the 36⁰ 30’ N to be free, all
states south of the line to be slave states
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Monroe Doctrine
• Territory affected: the Americas• Year announced: 1823• Two American demands:– No new colonies could be created in the Americas– European countries were to stay out of the affairs
of newly independent nations
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Monroe Doctrine
• Two American promises:– The US would not interfere with established
European colonies in the Western Hemisphere– The US would not interfere in the internal affairs
of European nations