What it is! What it is! Music Genre/Form and Music Genre/Form and Medium of Performance Terms Medium of Performance Terms in the Future of Music in the Future of Music ““SubjectSubject”” Access Access

Beth Iseminger, Mark McKnight, Hermine Vermeij

Overview of TodayOverview of Today’’s s ProgramProgramHistory of the music genre projectsLC genre projects updateGenre/form updateMedium updateExamples of current and future

practiceHow to use the music vocabulary nowImplementationWhat to expectConclusion

HISTORY OF THE HISTORY OF THE MUSIC GENRE MUSIC GENRE PROJECTSPROJECTS

Genre/Form ProjectsGenre/Form ProjectsCompleted projects

◦Moving image materials and radio programs

◦Cartographic materials◦Law materials

Genre/form terms for these disciplines are in LCGFT now. Can be used in bibliographic records coded as:655 #7 [Term]. $2 lcgft

Genre/Form Projects Genre/Form Projects (cont.)(cont.)Authority records for LCGFT

terms◦LCCN prefix: gf◦008/11 (Subject heading

system/thesaurus): z (“Other)◦040 $f: lcgft

Genre/Form Projects Genre/Form Projects (cont.)(cont.)Projects in process

◦Religion project Joint project (PSD and the American

Theological Library Association) Thesaurus nearing completion

◦Literature project Joint project (PSD and the ALA

Subcommittee on Genre/Form Implementation)

Just begun

◦Music project

Genre/Form Projects Genre/Form Projects (cont.)(cont.)General genre/form terms

◦Many genre/form terms do not belong to a particular discipline.

◦Project in the works to create genre/form terms for many current form subdivisions (185s). (E.g., Biographies, Bibliographies, Correspondence.)

Aspects Related to Aspects Related to Genre/FormGenre/Form

Many aspects of what we may consider genre/form are out of scope for LCGFT.◦LCGFT terms cannot be subdivided

geographically.◦Ethnicity, language, religion,

chronology, and audience characteristics are also out of scope.

Aspects Related to Genre/Form Aspects Related to Genre/Form (cont.)(cont.)

◦Many current subject headings acting as genre/form headings include these aspects Examples

Jazz $z Lithuania African Americans $v Music Songs, German Buddhist music Rock music $y 1961-1970 Music $v Juvenile

Aspects Related to Genre/Form Aspects Related to Genre/Form (cont.)(cont.)The ALA Subcommittee on

Genre/Form Implementation is working on finding places in the MARC record for these aspects.◦MARBI discussion papers

forthcoming.

Current Status of the Current Status of the Music Genre/Form ProjectMusic Genre/Form Project

Creating hierarchies for terms destined for LCGFT

Why hierarchies?◦LCGFT is meant to be a true thesaurus◦Each term should be linked

hierarchically to at least one other term◦This structure will enable new ways of

utilizing broader and narrower terms ◦Illuminates aspects of vocabulary that

need to be addressed

Hierarchy Snapshot: Popular Hierarchy Snapshot: Popular musicmusic

Medium of Performance—Medium of Performance—StatusStatus• MARBI proposal at ALA Midwinter–MARC Proposal no. 2012-01 (New Data

Elements in the MARC21 Bibliographic and Authority Formats for Medium of Performance–Presented two options for where to

encode medium of performance information currently in subject headings• Expanding field 382 (already established for

medium of performance, but created as an RDA element)

• Creating a new field for medium of performance

Medium of Performance—Status Medium of Performance—Status (cont.)(cont.)

◦MARBI approved option 1 (draft):3821st indicator: Display constant controller

# – No information0 – Medium of performance1 – Partial medium of performance

2nd indicator: Access control (bibliographic format only)# – No information0 – No access provided1 – Access provided

Medium of Performance—Status Medium of Performance—Status (cont.)(cont.)

$a – Medium of performance (R)$b – Soloist (R)$d – Doubling instrument (R)$n – Number of performers of the same instrument/voice in preceding subfield $a, $b, or $d (R)$p – Alternative medium of performance$s – Total number of performers (NR)$v – Note$0 – Record control number (R)$2 – Source of term (NR)$6 – Linkage (NR)$8 – Field link and sequence number (R)

– Example:382 01 $a trumpet $n 2 $a trombone $n 2 $s 4 $2 [code for medium

of performance list]A work for two trumpets and two trombones

Medium of Performance—Status Medium of Performance—Status (cont.)(cont.)

• List of medium terms–Current working list has over 900 terms.–Agreed upon: • Singular nouns in most cases (e.g. flute;

orchestra; but bongos)• Increased granularity (e.g. soprano recorder;

alto saxophone)

–Still working on:• Terms for vocal music• How to treat non-traditional mediums such as

speakers, dancers, and operators of sound equipment

EXAMPLES OF EXAMPLES OF CURRENT AND CURRENT AND FUTURE PRACTICEFUTURE PRACTICE

Simple example #1Simple example #1

A duet for trumpet and trombone in no particular genre or form

Current practice:◦650 #0 $a Trombone and trumpet

music.Upcoming practice:

◦382 01 $a trumpet $n 1 $a trombone $n 1 $s 2

Simple example #2Simple example #2

A concerto for flute and orchestra

Current practice: ◦650 #0 Concertos (Flute)

Upcoming practice:◦382 01 $b flute $n 1 $a orchestra

655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft

Simple(ish) example #3Simple(ish) example #3

A waltz for flute, violin (or oboe, or clarinet), and piano

Current practice:◦650 #0 Trios (Piano, flute, violin)

650 #0 Trios (Piano, flute, oboe)650 #0 Trios (Piano, clarinet, flute)650 #0 Waltzes.

Simple(ish) example #3 Simple(ish) example #3 (cont.)(cont.)

Upcoming practice:◦ 382 01 $a flute $n 1 $a violin $n 1 $a piano

$n 1 $s 3382 01 $a flute $n 1 $a oboe $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 3382 01 $a flute $n 1 $a clarinet $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 3655 #7 $a Waltzes. $2 lcgft

Complex example #1Complex example #1

A mass for 2 sopranos, one mezzo-soprano, tenor saxophone (doubling bass clarinet), C trumpet, piano, violin (doubling viola), and double bass

Current practice:◦650 #0 Vocal trios with instrumental

ensemble.650 #0 Masses.

Complex example #1 Complex example #1 (cont.)(cont.)Upcoming practice:

◦382 01 $a soprano voice $n 2 $a mezzo-soprano $n 1 $a tenor saxophone $n 1 $d bass clarinet $n 1 $a trumpet $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $a violin $n 1 $d viola $n 1 $a double bass $n 1 $s 8655 #7 $a Masses. $2 lcgft

Complex example #2 Complex example #2 (Linking)(Linking)A sound recording with three works in

different genres and for different mediums.◦Using $8 to link the analytical entries to

the genre/form and medium fields that correspond NOTE: $8 has not currently been implemented

outside of holdings records (that we know of).

◦Not an ideal solution, but until information coded in work records can be pulled into displays for compilations, we’ll need a workaround.

382 01 $8 1\c $a cello $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 2 382 01 $8 2\c $a cello $n 1 $s 1 382 01 $8 3\c $a piano $n 1 $a violin $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 3

505 0# $a Pampeana : rhapsody no. 2, op. 21 [for cello and piano] / Alberto Ginastera – Omaramor : [for solo cello] / Osvaldo Golijov -- Punena no. 2, op. 45 : [for cello and piano] / Alberto Ginastera -- Milonga del angel : [for violin, cello, and piano] / Astor Piazzolla.

655 #7 $8 1\c $a Rhapsodies. $2 lcgft 655 #7 $8 3\c $a Milongas. $2 lcgft

700 12 $8 1\c $a Ginastera, Alberto, $d 1916-1983. $t Pampeana, $n no. 2.700 12 $8 2\c $a Golijov, Osvaldo, $d 1960- $t Omaramor. 700 12 $8 3\c $a Piazzolla, Astor. $t Milonga del angel.

How to use music vocabulary How to use music vocabulary nownow

The same as always! Until music genre/form terms are

in LCGFT and the medium of performance thesaurus is available, continue to construct music subject headings in 650s.

ImplementationImplementationWhat is involved in implementing music genre/form and medium of performance vocabulary?

◦Creation of genre and medium authority records

◦Updating authority files and maintenance

◦Conversion of existing headings◦Indexing◦Search interfaces

Creating Genre and Medium Creating Genre and Medium Authority RecordsAuthority Records

Are new fields needed in MARC authority format for medium?Who will create the records?MethodNon-music facets

Conversion of Existing Conversion of Existing HeadingsHeadingsMap the topically-coded LCSH

authorized headings to new genre and medium authorized headings

Flip the topically-coded headings in bibliographic records to new genre and medium fields

This process will take some time, but it will eventually be completed

Sample Record for Sample Record for ConversionConversion

Reference record

1XX Sonatas (Marimba and piano)

2XX $i Medium use $a marimba $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 2

2XX $i Genre use $a Sonatas

Implementing Genre and Implementing Genre and Medium Terms in Library Medium Terms in Library SystemsSystemsIndexing

The genre/form (655) and medium of performance (382) fields should be included in any index where genre and medium terms will be used to retrieve results.

Search interfacesDetermine if your institution includes a genre search in the public catalog.

What to do nowCommunicate to other technical service and systems librarians at your institution how important genre and medium access is for music.

What to ExpectWhat to ExpectImproved access to music materials

◦Direct access by medium of performance

◦Clearer and more specific vocabulary

Examples: What a faceted search might look like

◦Examples from the Media Finders created at Ball State University

What a Faceted Search Might What a Faceted Search Might Look Like - MediumLook Like - Medium

What a Faceted Search Might What a Faceted Search Might Look Like - GenreLook Like - Genre

What a Faceted Search Might Look What a Faceted Search Might Look Like – Like – World MusicWorld Music

What a Faceted Search Might Look Like – What a Faceted Search Might Look Like – Current CatalogCurrent Catalog

What Happens Next?What Happens Next?Create authority records for new termsRecommend system changes to

accommodate terms (indexing, etc.)Plan conversion of existing headingsCreate best practices and training

materialsAnnounce terms are available for useTimeline 2012-2013?

ConclusionConclusionContinue to use music subject headings

as usualWatch for updates and announcements

◦ LC site for music genre/form and medium http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/genremusic.html

◦ BCC Genre/Form/Medium project public wiki http://musicgenrepublicforum.pbworks.com/w/page/21942009/FrontPage

Thank you!Contact us:

◦ Beth Iseminger beth.iseminger@gmail.com◦ Mark McKnight Mark.McKnight@unt.edu◦ Hermine Vermeij hermine@library.ucla.edu

QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?