What is the hydrological cycle?

Key Theme: Rivers

Precipitation Condensation Surface Runoff Transpiration Infiltration Throughflow Evaporation Groundwater Flow

What is the river system?

Key Theme: Rivers

Are these inputs, stores, transfers or outputs?

Precipitation Transpiration Sea

Interception Evaporation Lake

Surface Runoff Infiltration Throughflow

Groundwater storage Soil moisture storage

What is a drainage basin?

Watershed: The higher

outer boundary between

two drainage

basin

Mouth: where the

river enters the sea

Tributary: a smaller stream or river that

flows into a larger

stream or river

Confluence: where two

or more steams or

rivers meet

Floodplain: a flat area either side of the river that floods

Source: the point where

a river begins

Estuary: an area of tidal water just before the

mouth

Key Theme: Rivers

CatchmentThe area from which water drains into a particular drainage basin.

Tributary A river which joins a larger river.

ConfluenceThe point at which two rivers join.

Watershed The boundary dividing one drainage basin from another- a ridge of high land.

SourceThe upland area where the river begins.

MouthWhere the river flows into the sea, or sometimes a lake.

Key Theme: Rivers

Mark and locate on the map: watershed, confluence, source, tributary AND add a key.

Key Theme: Rivers

Which three processes shape a river?

Erosion

Abrasion

Attrition

Hydraulic Action

Solution

Key Theme: Rivers

Sheer force of the water forcing cracks in the banks open

Chemical reactions cause the rocks to break down

Fragments of rock hit the bed and banks and cause it to wear away

Pebbles and rocks collide with each other causing them to reduce in size

Which three processes shape a river?

Transportation

Traction

Suspension

Solution

Saltation

Key Theme: Rivers

Minerals dissolved in the water

Big boulders and stones rolled along the river bed

Small stones and pebbles bounced along the river bed

Very small particles are carried along suspended in the river

What fluvial landforms have we studied?

Key Theme: Rivers

MEDC Case Study: Boscastle

Key Theme: Rivers

Causes Effects Responses

7mile storm5 inches of rainfall3 rivers run through Boscastle- Valency, Jordan and River ParadiseSteep V shaped valleysImpermeable surfaces e.g. concrete.Bridges

90% economy based on tourism32 cars swept out to seaVisitors centre destroyed

Signs put out so people knew the businesses were openSandbags distributedBridge WidenedDrains out in£4.5m spent on improving flood defencesCar park raisedFlood walls buildChannalisation

LEDC Case Study: Bangladesh

Key Theme: Rivers

Causes Effects Responses

Heavy monsoon rainfall in 2004 arrived early and fell from late June.Trees cleared for grazingMelting of snow in the HimalayasEmbankments were overtopped

Dhaka flooded36 million people impactedCity was submerged with sewage which was carried with the water.1.5 million women and children were at risk from acute malnutrition766 people killed

Cluster villages were each house was raised 2m above sea levelRaised homesteads by 2mFood shelter areas for livestockRescue boatsRadios given to preparedness committeeEmbankments rebuiltStorm drains put in