What is Orthodoxy?

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Orthodox Church

The Orthodox Churchis the oneChurchfounded by Jesus Christand his apostles, begun at the

day of Pentecostwith the descent of the Holy Spiritin the year 33 A.D. t is also !nown "especially

in the conte#porary $est% as the Eastern Orthodox Churchor the Greek Orthodox Church. t

#ay also be called the &rthodo' Catholic Church, the &rthodo' Christian Church, the one, holy,

catholic, and apostolic Church, the (ody of Christ, the (ride of Christ,or si#ply the Church.

The bishopsof the &rthodo' Churches trace unbro!ensuccessionto the )ery apostlesthe#sel)es,

therefore ulti#ately recei)ing their consecrations fro# our *ordJesus Christ. All the bishops of the

+astern &rthodo' Churches, no #atter their titles, are eual in their sacra#entaloffice. The )arious

titles gi)en to bishops are si#ply ad#inistrati)e or honorific in their essence. At an ecu#enicalcouncil, each bishop #ay cast only one )ote, whether he is the +cu#enical Patriarch or si#ply an

au'iliary bishopwithout a diocese. Thus, there is no eui)alent to the -o#an Catholicpapacy

within the +astern &rthodo' Churches.

As with its Apostolic succession, the faith held by the Church is that which was handed byChristto

the apostles. othing is added to or subtracted fro# that deposit of faith which was /handed once

for all to the saints/ "Jude 3%. Throughout history, )arious heresiesha)e afflicted the Church, and at

those ti#es the Church #a!es dog#aticpronounce#ents "especially at ecu#enical councils%

delineating in new language what has always been belie)ed by the Church, thus pre)enting the

spread of heresyand calling to repentance those whorend asunderthe (ody of Christ. ts pri#ary

state#ent of faith is the icene0Constantinopolitan Creed.
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Contents

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Very brief history

More information: Ti#eline of Church History

Al#ost twothousand years ago, Jesus Christ, the Son of ;od, ca#e to earth and founded the

Church, through His Apostles and disciples, for the sal)ation of #an. n the years which followed,

the Apostles spread the Church and its teachings and founded #any churches, all united in faith,

worship, and the parta!ing of the


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anathe#as were e'changed. The sac!ing of Constantinople by the :ourth Crusade "5=6 AD%

intensified +astern hostility toward the $est.

Atte#pts at reconciliation at the councils of *yon "596 AD% and :lorence"6303 AD% were

unsuccessful. $hen the papacy defined itself as infallible ":irst 4atican Council, 9= AD%, the gulf

between +ast and $est grew wider. &nly since the Second 4atican Council "85087% has the

#o)e#ent re)ersed, tal!s are bringing serious atte#pts at #utual understanding.

Beliefs and Practices

More information: ntroduction to &rthodo' Christianity

The &rthodo' Church recogniEes as authoritati)e the decisions of the se)en ecu#enical councils

that #et between 357 AD and 99 AD and defined the basic doctrines on theTrinityand the

ncarnation. n later centuries &rthodo' councils also #ade doctrinal definitions on ;race"36

AD, 37 AD% and too! a stand in reference to $estern teachings.The Church !eeps the early traditions of Christianity, infants recei)e the +ucharistand

confir#ation, and the episcopateand the priesthoodare understood in the light of Apostolic

succession. "Apostolic Succession is understood to be the passing on of the Holy Tradition by right0

belie)ing (ishops%. (oth #arried #en and #on!s#ay beco#e priests, but priests, bishops, and

#on!s #ay not #arry. The )eneration of


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(elarus@ 7 #illion

FaEa!hstan@ 6 #illion


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=3=53755%

Chryssa)gis, John..ight Thro$gh Dar/ne!!: The Orthodo Tradition *Tradition! of

&hri!tian %pirit$ality %erie!. "S( 79=97767%

Coniaris, Anthony


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This article for#s part of the series&ntroduction to

Orthodox Christianity

'oly (radition

Holy ScriptureThe Sy#bol of :aith

+cu#enical CouncilsChurch :athers*iturgy

Canonscons

(he 'oly (rinity

;od the :ather

Jesus ChristThe Holy Spirit

(he Church

+cclesiologyHistory

Holy


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Contents

1hide2

;od

5

Christology

3

+cclesi

ology

6

Traditio

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$orshi

p

8

Sacra#

ents

9

Anthro

pology

Soteriol

ogy

Clergy =

Saints

History

5 See

also

3

+'ternal lin!s

Orthodox Christianityis the life in faith of the &rthodo' Church, inseparable fro# that concrete,

historic co##unity and enco#passing its entire way of life. The &rthodo' Christian faith is that

faith /handed once to the saints/ "Jude3%, passed on in Holy Traditionto the apostlesby Jesus

Christ, and then handed down fro# one generation to the ne't, without addition or subtraction.

The sole purpose of &rthodo' Christianity is the sal)ation of e)ery hu#an person, uniting hi# to

Christ in the Church, transfor#ing hi# in holiness, and i#parting eternal life. This is the ;ospel,

the good news, that Jesus is the


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The Hospitality of Abraha#, an &ld Testa#entpointer toward the Holy Trinity.

GodMain article: Holy Trinity

&rthodo' Christians worship the :ather, Son, and Holy SpiritLthe Holy Trinity, the one ;od.

:ollowing the Holy Scripturesand the Church :athers, the Church belie)es that the Trinity is three

di)ine persons "hypo!ta!e!% who share one essence "o$!ia%. t is parado'ical to belie)e thus, but that

is how ;od has re)ealed hi#self. All three persons are consubstantial with each other, that is, they

are of one essence "homoo$!io!% and coeternal. There ne)er was a ti#e when any of the persons of

the Trinity did not e'ist. ;od is beyond and before ti#e and yet acts within ti#e, #o)ing and

spea!ing within history.

;od is not an i#personal essence or #ere /higher power,/ but rather each of the di)ine persons

relates to #an!ind personally. either is ;od a si#ple na#e for three gods "i.e., polytheis#%, but

rather the &rthodo' faith is #onotheist and yet Trinitarian. The ;od of the &rthodo' Christian

Church is the ;od of Abraha#, saacand Jacob,the & A)who re)ealed hi#self to


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Christolo!y

&ur *ord Jesus Christ

Main article!: Jesus Christ, Christology

The second person of the Holy Trinity, the Son of ;od, begotten before all ages by the :ather

without a #other, was begotten in ti#e by the 4irgin


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His wor! on +arth was for the purpose of sa)ing #an!ind, for the life of the world. +)erything he

did was for our sal)ation, fro# relating parables and being baptiEedby the :orerunnerto his

glorious death and resurrection. (ecause of who he is and of what he did for us, we ha)e the

opportunity to beco#e by gracewhat he is by nature. That is, we can put on the di)ine, beco#ing

parta!ers of the di)ine nature.

Ecclesiolo!y

Hagia Sophiain Constantinople

Main article: +cclesiology

The Church is the (ody of Christ, a theanthropic "di)ine0hu#an% co##union of Jesus Christ with

his people. The sole head of the Church is Christ. The traditional belief in the Church is attested to

in the icene0Constantinopolitan Creedas the one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church. (y this is

#eant that the Church is undi)ided and not #any "one%, sanctified and set apart for the wor! of ;od

"holy%, whole and characteriEed by fullness and uni)ersality "catholic%, and has at its essence the

going out into all the world to preach the ;ospeland baptiEethe nations "apostolic%.

The Church is the (ride of Christ, the eschatologicalspouse of the Son of ;od, united to hi# in

faith and lo)e, for which he ga)e hi#self up on the cross. The inti#acy of a husband and wife is an

earthly i#age of the inti#acy that Christ has with his Church, and the union of an earthly #arriage

is a shadow of the union of that #arriage of the *a#b of ;od with the Church.

The co##unity of the Church is the locus of sal)ationfor #an!indB it is truly the Ar! in which

#an!ind #ay be sa)ed fro# the flood of corruption and sin. n it, Christians sacra#entallywor! out

their sal)ation with fear and tre#bling "Phil.5@5%, worshipping the Holy Trinity in spirit and in

truth. The Church is the pillar and ground of truth " Ti#.3@7% and thus #ay be relied upon in the

ChristianMs struggle to apprehend the one truth for hi#self. The Church is eternal, and the gates of

Hellwill ne)er pre)ail against it "


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co##unities is dependent on ;odMs #ercy and grace, as is the case with those with #e#bership in

the Church in this life.

(radition

Main article: Holy Tradition

Holy Tradition is the deposit of faith gi)en by Jesus Christto the Apostlesand passed on in the

Church fro# one generation to the ne't without addition, alteration or subtraction.4ladi#ir *oss!y

has fa#ously described the Tradition as /the life of the Holy Spirit in the Church./ t is dyna#ic in

application, yet unchanging in dog#a. t is growing in e'pression, yet e)er the sa#e in essence.

Gnli!e #any conceptions of tradition in popular understanding, the &rthodo' Church does not

regard Holy Tradition as so#ething which grows and e'pands o)er ti#e, for#ing a collection of

practices and doctrines which accrue, gradually beco#ing so#ething #ore de)eloped and

e)entually unrecogniEable to the first Christians. -ather, Holy Tradition is that sa#e faith which

Christ taught to the Apostles and which they ga)e to their disciples, preser)ed in the whole Church

and especially in its leadership through Apostolic succession.

The central location in Holy Tradition is occupied by the Holy Scriptures, the written witness to

;odMs re)elation in the Church. As such, the Scriptures are always interpretedfro# within the

Tradition which was the conte't for their writing and canoniEation.

*orshi#

A bishoplifting his hands in prayer during the Di)ine *iturgy.

Main article: $orship

$orship in the &rthodo' Church is understood to be the highest calling of #an!ind, to fall down at

the feet of the Al#ighty ;od, the Holy Trinity, and to be gi)en o)er entirely to hi#, beco#ing

united #ystically with hi# in the holy #ysteries. To worship ;od is to fulfil the purpose for which

we were created.

&rthodo' worship is liturgical, that is, following specific ritual patterns and cyclesin re)erent
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dignity and e#bracing the whole of the hu#an person. ts re)erence and awe are due to its being

understood as entering into the )ery throne roo# of the Creator. &rthodo' worship is transfor#ati)e

in its nature, bringing the Christian #ore deeply into co##union with ;od and with his cooperation

changing hi# into a holy person, a saint.

$orship is distinct fro# )enerationin that the latter is si#ply the genuine respect that &rthodo'

Christians show for holy people and things, while worship itself is a total gi)ing o)er of the self to

be united with ;od.

A secondary but essential co#ponent of worship in &rthodo'y is to teach thedog#asof the faith,

for#ing the Christian in the doctrines of the Church.

The center of &rthodo' Christian liturgical life is the Di)ine *iturgy. &ther #aor ser)ices include

4espersand &rthros"


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Ada#na#ing the ani#als in Paradise.

Main article: Anthropology

&rthodo' Christian anthropology teaches that #an was created by ;od to worship hi# in

co##union with hi#, #ade in his i#age to attain to His li!eness. All hu#an beings are thus of

infinite )alue, because they bear the indelible sta#p of their Creator. All hu#an beings areco#posed of both a soul and body, which are per#anently part of hu#an nature.


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#eans by which #an cooperates with ;od. This cooperation is ter#ed !ynergeia"synergy%.

n theosis, #an beco#es filled with the di)ine life. He ta!es on ;odMs attributes, but he does not

beco#e #erged with the Holy Trinity. There is union without fusion.


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Saints

&ur Holy *ady Theoto!os

Main article: Saints

%aint!#ay be understood in two senses. :irst, the saints are all those who are in the (ody of Christ,

the Church. %aintliterally refers to one who has been set apart for ;odMs purposes, which is the

essential #eaning of holiness. To be holy is to be set apart and thus has nothing particularly to do

with oneMs personal worthiness.

n the second, #ore co##on, sense, the !aint!are those whose li)es ha)e #ost clearly shown that

they are set apart for the ser)ice of ;od. Their holiness, which is not their own but is ChristMs, has

shone forth so ob)iously that &rthodo' Christians pay the# great respect, which is ter#ed

veneration. This )eneration is ulti#ately due to ChristMs wor! and is a recognition of Christ in the

saints.

(ecause the Church recogniEes the wor! of Christ in the saints, it underta!es the for#al wor! of

glorification"canoniEation%, by which the saints are affir#ed by ;odMs people as being a#ong the

sa)ed, that their li)es #ay be i#itated, ust as the Apostle Paulurged us to i#itate hi# as he

i#itated Christ. *iturgical ser)ices are thus co#posed for the celebration of the feast daysof the

saints, and their place as participants in the co##on worship of the whole Church is confir#ed.

'istory

Main article: Church History

The ChurchMs history records the progress of ChristMs wor! throughout the course of the hu#an

e'perience. History in &rthodo'y has a theological i#portance because of the incarnationof Jesus

Christ, that ust as ;od chose to beco#e a physical, li)ing, breathing hu#an being, he also chooses

to wor! in and through hu#an history to bring about sal)ation. Thus, the ChurchMs history beco#es

a sacred history, not in the sa#e sense as the (iblical history which for#s the sal)ation story itself,

but rather as a record of the continued effects of the sal)ation story in the e'perience of #an.
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See also

$hat is &rthodo'yO, by :r. Theodore Pulcini

External links

&rthodo' Christianity for Absolute (eginners

About &rthodo'y, fro# St. icholas Antiochian &rthodo' Cathedral, (roo!lyn, ew or!

&rthodo' Christianity, fro# the Church of Serbia

About &rthodo' Christianity"&CAsite%

&ur :aith";&Asite%

ntroduction to &rthodo' Christianity"Antiochiansite%

What is Orthodoxy?

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