What is Biodiesel? Just give me the Facts!
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What is Biodiesel? Just give me the Facts! Chuck Neece Director Research and Development FUMPA BioFuels
Transcript of What is Biodiesel? Just give me the Facts!
What is Biodiesel?Just give me the Facts!
Chuck NeeceDirector Research and Development
FUMPA BioFuels
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Biodiesel is Not!
• Just filtered grease or oil in your tank– This would not be chemically changed to adapt to your engine
• Smelly!– It does not smell like gasoline or diesel fuel!
• It does not require special storage tanks– It can be stored wherever diesel fuel is stored
• A fossil fuel– Rather than centuries to change to a fuel, it takes just a few hours!
• Wasteful of our natural resources– Biodiesel generates 3.2 units of energy for every 1 unit of fossil fuel– Petroleum diesel generates 0.8 units of energy for every unit of
fossil fuel• Harmful to you or your diesel engine
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Biodiesel Is
• Renewable– From crops or animals!
• Good for the agricultural community!– Increases the value of agricultural products
• Good for the environment!– Biodiesel is the first and only alternative fuel to have a complete
evaluation of emission results and potential harmful effects submitted to EPA under the Clean Air Act!
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Biodiesel Is
• Good for our children!– Reduced soot and smog (50% less than diesel fuel)– Reduced Carbon Monoxide (48% less)– Reduced cancer causing agents (80% less)– Reduced Sulfates, components of acid rain (90% - 100%)
• Good for our future!– Each gallon of biodiesel used saves 4 gallons of fossil fuel
• Good for your engines!– A 2% blend decreases wear by almost 50%!
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Transesterification
+
What is Biodiesel (Methylester)?
Oils & Fats + 3 Methanol 3 Methylester + Glycerin
H
HCC
O
R1 O
HCC
O
R2 O
HCC
O
R3 O
H
+ COH H3
+ COH H3
+ COH H3
Na+
C
O
R1 O CH3
C
O
R2 O CH3
C
O
R3 O CH3
H
HCH O
HCH O
HCH O
H
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Biodiesel Feedstocks
Feed Stocks
• Corn• Safflower / Sunflower• Soybean• Mustard Seed• Canola / Rapeseed• Cottonseed • Palm Seed / Palm Kernel• Coconut• Beef Tallow• Pork Fat• Poultry Fat• Recycled Restaurant Grease
Feed Stocks
• Corn• Safflower / Sunflower• Soybean• Mustard Seed• Canola / Rapeseed• Cottonseed • Palm Seed / Palm Kernel• Coconut• Beef Tallow• Pork Fat• Poultry Fat• Recycled Restaurant Grease
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Biodiesel ProcessFrom fats and oils
Transesterification Glycerin WaterPretreatment
Methanol+ Catalyst
Crude Glycerin> 80% conc.
Pharma Glycerin> 99.5% conc.
Biodiesel
Chemicals
Washing & Drying
Refined Oil Used Oils
DegummingBleaching
Thermal Deacidification Esterification
Methanol+ Catalyst
Pre-Treatment
Reaction
Cleaning
Degumming & Deacidification
Crude Oil MultipleFeedstock
ConstantProductQuality
Distillation & Bleaching
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Transesterification.... a 2-stage process step for maximum conversion
Crude Glycerin
Oil
Reactor 1 Reactor 2
Biodiesel
GlycerinWaterEvaporation
WashColumn
Methanol
Catalyst
MethanolRecovery
GlycerinWater
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Transesterification
Oil
Crude Glycerin
Reactor 1 Reactor 2
Biodiesel
GlycerinWaterEvaporation
WashColumn
Methanol
Catalyst
MethanolRecovery
GlycerinWater
Catalyst
GlycerinCROSS-FLOW
(Patented)
Closed WASH-WATER loop
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What does a biodiesel plant look like ?
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How much will Biodiesel cost?
• Biodiesel is a premium fuel additive. Blends will generally be priced between #2 Diesel and #1 Diesel. Most distributors and retailers are finding that the blends are costing 1cent additional per percent of blend additive. B-2 has been selling at 2 cents above #2.
• Blends will cost less than fuels reformulated to meet the more stringent low sulfur standards.
• Blends will allow fleets to meet federal mandates for use of alternative fuels and pollution reduction
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Why produce Biodiesel in Redwood County?
• Multiple feedstock availability• Central Bi has land available• We can meet the environmental requirements• Centrally located for transportation to distributors• Located centrally to several major Pipeline Terminals
• Mankato, Marshall, Sioux Falls, Alexandria• Biodiesel is actively supported by Farmer Owned Cooperatives!
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Technologies available
• Batch vs. Continuous• Refined oils vs. crude, rendered, restaurant reclaimed.• Contaminates in the feedstock
• Foots, soapstock, phosphates, proteins, etc.• Direct esterification vs. transesterification• Type of alcohol in reaction• Type of catalyst used, acid or base• System for separation of glycerin from ester• Method of alcohol recovery• Degree of glycerin refinement• Water, steam and other utility utilization• Volume design• Permit requirements
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Technology Summary
• Technology suitable for multiple feedstock
• Continuous process at atmospheric pressure and ± 60 °C
• High yield process
• Low chemical / catalyst consumption
• Clear phase separation by special gravity process (no centrifuges)
• Low operating and maintenance cost
• Biodiesel quality to ASTM D-6751 / DIN 51606 / EN 14214
• Raw Glycerin quality to BS 2621
• Pharma Glycerin to EP 99.5 (Kosher if feedstock is virgin oil / fat)
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ASTM versus DIN versus Lurgiside-by-side comparison
-20°CNov. 16 to Feb. 28
0.05 % max.
49 min.
0.25
0.02
0.5
0.030 max. % vol.
110°C
3.5 – 5.0 mm2 / sec
0.875 – 0.9 g / ml
E DIN 51606
-22°CNov. 16 to Feb. 28
UnspecifiedCloud Point
0.025 %0.05 % max.Carbon Residue
56 min.47 min.Cetane
0.190.24Total Glycerin
0.0150.02Free Glycerin
0.20.8Acid Number
0.020 % vol.0.050 max. % vol.Water & Sediment
175°C130°CFlashpoint
4.2 mm2 / sec1.9 - 6.0 mm2 / secViscosity @ 40°C
0.88 g / ml0.875 – 0.9 g / mlDensity @ 15°C
Lurgi Process*ASTM D-6751
* Analysis from stable production of NEW, Marl, Germany
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Customer: Natural Energy West GmbH Plant: Biodiesel and Glycerine PlantLocation: Marl, GermanyCapacity: 300 TPDLurgi Services:
Basic EngineeringDetail EngineeringProcurement / Construction incl. Steel StructureConstruction SupervisionCommissioning and Start-up
Greenfield Project:Lump-sum Turnkey - Single Line Responsibility
Start of Engineering: March 2001Start-up: April 2002
Special FeaturesContinuous Transesterification ProcessHigh Quality Biodiesel & GlycerineNa-Methylate as Catalyst
Natural Energy West
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Huish Detergents, Houston, TX
Customer: Huish Detergents Inc. Plant: Detergent Methyl Ester PlantLocation: Houston, TXCapacity: 300 TPDLurgi Services: Engineering & Procurement
Basic EngineeringDetail EngineeringProcurementProcess Installation / SupervisionCommissioning and Start-up
Feedstock: Beef Tallow / Palm Kernel Oil
Start of Engineering: March 1999Start-up: April 2002
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Contacts for: FUMPA BIOFUELS
• Chuck Neece– Director: Research and Development– Office: PO Box 319, 590 W. Park Rd.
Redwood Falls, MN 56283– Ph: 507-637-4227– Fax: 507-637-5409
