What is a Spreadsheet?
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Transcript of What is a Spreadsheet?
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What is a Spreadsheet?
• A spreadsheet consists of the following items– A worksheet divided into rows and columns
• 256 vertical columns & 65,535 horizontal rows• Columns identified by letters (A, B, C, and so on)• Rows are numbered (1, 2, 3, …)
– Cells An intersection of a row and column• Identified by their column letters followed by their row
numbers
– Numbers– Labels– Formulas
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Anatomy of the WindowTitle bar
Workbookname RibbonMenu bar
Formula bar
Status Bar
Sheet tabs
Current sheet
Row heading
Active cell Columnheadings
Gridlines
Scroll bars
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Entering Information into a cell• Select cell where you want to type data• Type a number, label, or formula• Do any of the following
– Press Enter– Click Green Check Mark next to formula bar– Press an arrow key to select a different cell– Click a different cell
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Excel Concepts• Cell reference how we refer to a specific
cell.– A10 or Data!A10 or [Book2.xls]Sheet1!A10 or
C:\MyData\ [Book2.xls]Sheet1!A10• Range A rectangular group of one or
more cells– Referenced by top left cell separated from
bottom right reference by a colon.
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More Concepts• Selection
– Range of cells, highlighted– Fill handle
• Formatting– The manner in which a cell entry is displayed
can be changed by formatting the cell.– Font, background, number of decimals,
scientific notation, horizontal and vertical positioning, borders
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Examples• Filling in a Series of Numbers or a list of
dates• Entering and Copying a Formula
– All formulas begin with (=)– 3 + 4 * 2 11 or 14?– Refer to values in cells
• Copy vs. Move formula
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Arithmetic Operator Order
• Negation (-)• Exponentiation (^)• Multiplication and division (*,/)• Addition and subtraction (+,-)
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Formatting your worksheet• Manually formatting your cells
– Number– Alignment– Font– Boarder– Patterns– Protection
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More Formatting• Conditional Formatting• Removing Formatting
– Eraser too (Under editing)Clear Formats• Adjusting column widths and row heights
– With the mouse
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Common Formula CalculationsOperator What it does Example Result
+ Addition =5+3.4 8.4
- Subtraction =54.2-2.1 52.1
* Multiplication =1.2*4 4.8
/ Division =25/5 5
% Percentage =42% 0.42
^ Exponentiation =4^3 64
= Equal =6=7 False
> Greater than =7>2 True
< Less than =9<8 False
>= Greater than or equal to
=45>=3 True
<= Less than or equal to =40<=2 False
<> Not equal to =5<>7 True
& Text concatenation =“Bo the ” & “Cat” Bo the Cat
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Using cell references in formulas• Referencing a single cell• =B5+B6• AutoSum Σ
– Sum, Average, Count, Max, Min• Referencing two or more cells
– Contiguous range =SUM(D3:D5)– Noncontiguous range SUM(D3,G5,X7)
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Copying formulas• Excel changes the formula cell reference
automatically when for each row or column– Ctrl+C then Ctrl+V
• Editing a formula• Ctrl+` to show all formulas• Absolute, Relative, & Mixed References
– $A$1, $A1, A$1, A1
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Naming cells and ranges
• Name box• Jumping to a named cell (downward-
pointing arrow)• Acts as an absolute reference
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Picking a Function to Use• Entering a Function Directly
– Example =Sin(A1), =Pi(), =Degrees(A1), =Radians(A1)
• Insert function button– Function Palette
• Entering Formulas by Pointing
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Finding where a formula gets its data• Formula Auditing toolbar
– Tracing Precendents– Tracing Dependents– Adding Comments
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Printing a Worksheet• Using Print Preview• Printing part of a worksheet
– Highlight cells that you want to print– Page LayoutPrint AreaSet Print Area
• Page Setup– Under print preview
• Portrait, Landscape, Fit to …– Margins– Header/Footer
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Paste Special
• RAND()
• Paste Special
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Modifying Worksheets• Insert/Delete rows and columns• Link worksheets w/ formulas• Split a worksheet (under view tab)
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Formulas• Editing a formula• Ctrl+` to show all formulas• Absolute, Relative, & Mixed References
– $A$1, $A1, A$1, A1– Using named cells in formulas (names are
absolute references)
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Naming Cells using labels• InsertNameCreate• Names are not case sensitive
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Picking a Function to Use• Insert function button
– Function Palette• Function Arguments
– =Pi()– =COS(Pi()) =SQRT(A2/2)– =ROUND(A2,2)– =SUM(A1:A10) or =SUM(A1:A10,B3,B4)
• Entering Formulas by Pointing
Commas separate each argument
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Trig Functions• Trig functions (always in radians)
– RADIANS, DEGREES, SIN, COS, ATAN, …• Exponential Functions
– EXP, LN, LOG• Rounding Functions
– ABS, CEILING, EVEN, FLOOR, INT, MROUND, ODD, ROUND, ROUNDDOWN, ROUNDUP, TRUNC
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Errors in Formulas• ###### Column is too narrow• #DIV/0! Formula divides a number by zero.
Black cells have a value of zero• #NAME? Formula containes a function name
or cell that Excel does not recognize• #REF! Formula refers to a cell that is not valid• #VALUE! Formula refers to a cell that Excel
cannot use in calculation• Circular Reference Formula refers to the cell
containing the formula