What is a “cold war”?

What is THE Cold War?

“Every Breath You Take” by the Police, “99 Luft Balloons” by Nena, “1999” by Prince, “It’s a Mistake, by Men at Work, “Back to the USSR”-The Beatles, pretty much anything by Devo, Killroy-Styx, “Crazy Train” by Ozzy Osbourne, “Cult of Personality” by Living Color, Berlin the band, “Dancing on the Berlin Wall” by Rational Youth, “Der Kommisar” by Falco, “Final Countdown” by Europe, “Forever Young” by Alphaville, “Games Without Frontiers” by Peter Gabriel, “Gods of War” by Def Leppard, “Fortunate Son” by CCR, “Ohio” by Neil Young, “Hard Rain’s Gonna Fall” by Bob Dylan,…the band name, U2, The Cold War Kids…and hundreds more!

Why is the Cold War historically important?

…besides all the awesome music written about it?

After WWII:

•Over 60 million dead in Europe and the Pacific

•United States and Soviet Union (now USSR) emerge as “superpowers”…why?

•Differing views: capitalism vs. communism…why?

Life Under Communism

“Big Three” discuss shape of post war world.

•Poland divided into former Russian territories (Stalin pledge free elections in these new countries)•Germany will be divided into 4 zones to assist in the reconstruction after WWII (capitol of Berlin also divided)•Japan will be taken over by U.S. (Gen. MacArthur in charge)•State of Israel created. Why?•Why did Stalin “hold all the cards?”

Yalta: Feb 1945

• Who are the Big Three now?

• Soviets agree to enter the war against Japan

• U.S. reveals Manhattan Project

• A United Nations is created (like FDR hoped), with a Security Council. What do these organizations do?

The Iron Curtain“…from Stettin in the

Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an Iron Curtain has descended across the Continent”… “this is certainly not the Europe we fought to build up. Nor is it one which contains the essential of permanent peace.” –Winston Churchill 1946

What is meant by an “Iron Curtain”?

“…I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted conquest by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way…”Rewrite The Truman Doctrine in your own words for your notesHow does Congress

respond to beginnings of a Communist takeover in Greece and Turkey?

• What are “satellite nations”?

•George S. Keenan describes “containment”…what does that mean?•Why would we not fight a war, and choose to just “contain” the influence?

How did the United States try to promote stability with the Marshall Plan…?

“the most unsordid act in human history”

ACTION: The Soviet Union sets up a blockade of West Berlin by roads, bridges and waterways so resources from west can’t get in.RESPONSE: ? (click to see what we did)

“An armed attack against one or more free nations…. shall be considered an attack against them all.”Restate the goal of NATO in your own words in your notes.

What was the Warsaw Pact?

Loss of confidence in the administration of containment

Korean War1950-1953

Why was the 38th parallel drawn?

What is the final result of the Korean War today?

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were the first U.S. civilians to be executed for espionage (being spies)

What have we learned from this case?

Many believed the HUAC was a horrible violation of civil rights and liberties.

Why did the HUAC target the movie and entertainment industry?

Who was the Hollywood Ten?

Actors such as Humphrey Bogart protested the Communist “witch hunts” of the House Un-American Activities Committee and became known as the “Hollywood Ten”.

1957:

What was the result of Sputnik?

What was the result of the U2 incident?

Studios resisted all films dealing with social problems and concentrated on pure entertainment.

Thus grew the popularity of the Hollywood musical and a decade of bland, boring 1950s movies!

Who was Senator McCarthy and what did he do?

What happened at the Army-McCarthy hearings?

Truman vs. Eisenhower Truman vs. Eisenhower

1. Marshall Plan

2. Truman Doctrine

3. Berlin Airlift

4. NATO

5. Korean War

1. Marshall Plan

2. Truman Doctrine

3. Berlin Airlift

4. NATO

5. Korean War

1. Mutual security agreements.

2. Massive retaliation.

3. M. A. D.

4. “Domino Theory”

5. CIA & covert operations

6. Eisenhower Doctrine

7. “Dollar Diplomacy”

1. Mutual security agreements.

2. Massive retaliation.

3. M. A. D.

4. “Domino Theory”

5. CIA & covert operations

6. Eisenhower Doctrine

7. “Dollar Diplomacy”

“Containment”[George Kennan]

“Brinksmanship”[John Foster Dulles]

Suez Canal Crisis: 1956United States refuses

to send $$ to finish construction of a dam near the canal

Egypt leader Nassar “nationalizes” the canal in retaliation and begins talks with Soviet Union for help

Britain and France plan secret invasion

How does this all lead to the “Eisenhower Doctrine” and what did the doctrine state?

Combination of deterrence and brinkmanship:

“The ability to get to the verge without getting into war is a necessary art. If you cannot master it, you inevitably get into war. If you try to run away from it, if you are scared to go to the brink, you are lost.”

-- Sect. of State John Dulles1956

War of Illusion?In Europe and America, there’s a growing feeling of hysteria

Conditioned to respond to all the threatsIn the rhetorical speeches of the sovietsMr. Krushchev said “we will bury you”I don’t subscribe to this point of viewIt would be such an ignorant thing to doIf the Russians love their children too

How can I save my little boy from Oppenheimer’s deadly toy?There is no monopoly on common sense, On either side of the political fenceWe share the same biology, Regardless of ideology

There is no historical precedentTo put the words in the mouth of the presidentThere’s no such thing as a winnable war, it’s a lie that we don’t believe anymoreMr. Reagan says we will protect youI don’t subscribe to this point of view

We share the same biologyRegardless of ideologyWhat might save us, me, and youIs if the Russians love their children too

-Sting