What Are Food Chains and Webs?

What Are Food Chains and Webs?

Story VocabularyStory Vocabulary food chain food web ecosystem absorbs algae ridges predators scavenger omnivores diet

food chainfood chain

The passing of energy from the sun to plants to animals to other animals is called a food chain.

food chain- a group of living things in a chain in which the first living thing is eaten by the second, the second is eaten by the third and so on

A food chain is simply who eats what.

food web food web

The complex feeding arrangement within an ecosystem is called a food web.

food web- a group of food chains in an ecosystem that are connected

A food web includes many food chains.

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ecosystemecosystem

The scientist gathered at the pond to study its ecosystem.

ecosystem- all the living and nonliving things in a certain area

We are learning about the ecosystem of one of Utah’s deserts.

absorbsabsorbs

Paper towel A absorbs the water fastest.

absorbs -takes in

The diaper with the crystals absorbs more liquid than diaper without the crystals.

algaealgae

Algae was taking over the fish tank.

algae- simple living things that are composed of one or more cells. Most algae are plants that don’t have roots or flowers

Seaweed is an algae that lives in the sea or salty water.

ridgesridges

They walked quietly along the ridges at the beach.

ridges - plural of ridge: a raised narrow strip

The iguanodon had ridges on its teeth.

predatorspredators

The predators hunting the mice included the owl and hawk.

predators- plural of predator; an animal that hunts and kills other animals for food

Rabbits have to constantly watch out for predators to keep alive.

scavengersscavengers

The vulture and hyena are examples of scavengers because they eat the leftover kills from other animals.

scavengers- plural of scavenger; an animal that feeds on dead animals

Sharks and hermit crabs are ocean scavengers because they eat dead and decaying things in the ocean.

omnivores omnivores

Crows are omnivores because they eat both plants and animals.

omnivores- plural of omnivore; an animal that eats both animal flesh and plants

Very few dinosaurs were omnivores. Two that were are Oviraptor and Ornithomimus.

dietdiet

It is important for our health to eat a healthy diet.

diet- the food and drink eaten by an animal

A mouse’s diet includes a lot of different plants. This one loves corn.

Focus Questions:Focus Questions:How is energy

transferred between plants, herbivores, and carnivores?

What would happen to an ecosystem if one part of the food chain disappeared?

Genre: Expository TextGenre: Expository Text Expository text tells something. It contains

facts about real people, things or events.

The purpose of expository text is to share information with the reader in a straightforward way.

The factual information can often be checked by referring to other sources such as science articles, reference books and newspapers.

Word StructureWord Structure sun’s energy herbivore’s body animal’s body omnivore’s diet

What is the type of words or phrases represented in the words above?

They are possessives.

What is the definition of possessives?

Possessives are words that show ownership or possession of things or characteristics.

Word StructureWord Structure sun’s energy herbivore’s body animal’s body omnivore’s diet

Read the phrases in below.

The energy that belongs to the sun

The body that belongs to the herbivore

The body that belongs to the animal

The diet that belongs to the omnivore

What are the possessives in each phrase?

sun’s, herbivore’s, animal’s, and omnivore’s

What is the common structure in the following words?What is the common structure in the following words?

nonconfrontational nonmeasurable nonjudgmental nonrenewable

The common structure in the words is the prefix non-.

The prefix non- means not.

What are the base words?

confrontationmeasurejudgerenew

What are the definitions of the base words?What are the definitions of the base words?

- conflict between people

- determine the size of something

- someone giving an informed opinion

- extend something

Now define the words with the prefix non-.

confrontational measurable

judge

renew

What are the definitions?What are the definitions?

- not likely to start a conflict between people

- not able to be sized

-not making or involving moral opinions

- not able to extend something once expired

What part of speech are the words?

adjectives

nonconfrontational nonmeasurable

nonjudgmental

nonrenewable

Building BackgroundBuilding Background

What do you know about food chains and food webs?

Do you know where humans are on the food chain?

What do you know about herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores?

What is a balanced diet? How does eating a balanced diet affect

your energy and activity levels?

Background InformationBackground Information The energy in food is measured in calories.

Calories are a measurement of how much energy the food can produce in our bodies.

Food chains and webs visually show us the source of our energy and how it passes from one part of the chain or web to the next.

When we eat calories and then move around, we burn them quickly. If we are sedentary, or inactive , our bodies turn the unused calories into fat to store for later use.

Browse the SelectionBrowse the SelectionWhat I Know

What I Want To

Know

What I Learned

Big QuestionBig Question

How does energy effect your life?

Daily EditingDaily Editing Correct the following sentences.

Humane Beings need Energy to survives.Humane beings need energy to survive.

Thems needs good FoodThey need good food.

Writing a Persuasive ReportWriting a Persuasive Report Was it difficult to address the reader’s needs when

you were writing your persuasive letter?. Do you think you convinced your reader of your

viewpoint? Why or Why not? This week you will continue practicing your

persuasive writing by writing a persuasive report relating to the theme of Energy At Work.

A persuasive report is a little different than a persuasive letter because it requires the same research, planning and formatting as a regular research report. You will use your research to support their viewpoints and influence the audience.

Organization of a Persuasive Argument

Organization of a Persuasive Argument

states a viewpoint (the controlling idea) provides supporting arguments, or gives

reasons in the form of facts and examples, and/or expert opinions that the reader should adopt or support a particular point of view

identifies opposing argument and provide evidence that refutes it

restate the opinion or goal, summarize reasons, and if appropriate requests or urges action

Techniques Used in Persuasive WritingTechniques Used in Persuasive Writing Word Choice hyperbole (extreme exaggeration) repetition emotional appeal

Emotional appeals include strong statements that create a certain feeling in the audience and intend to make them sympathetic to a point of view. They often appear as part of the conclusion.

Two Different Ways to Approach a Persuasive Report

Two Different Ways to Approach a Persuasive Report

State a viewpoint and support it with facts, examples, explanations, and expert opinions

State a problem and use research to offer one or more solutions

Assignment:Assignment:

Brainstorm possible topics as a class.Each student chose one topic.Start researching topic taking notes

on what is found about subject.Keep track of your sources for the

information you gather.

Spelling Words Prefix non- and Words with Latin RootsSpelling Words Prefix non- and Words with Latin Roots

dissect nonviolent noncreative jurist nonstick jury nonessential carnivore nonprofit nonresident

devour intersect section nontoxic jurisdiction nonsense nonconforming omnivore herbivore nonabrasive

Grammar, Usage, and MechanicsGrammar, Usage, and MechanicsSam’s cup

Whose cup is it?

Sam’s

The word Sam’s is a possessive noun.

What is a possessive noun?

A noun that shows ownership or, possession of things or characters

Possessives are formed by adding ‘s to singular nouns and ‘ to plural nouns ending in s.

Possessive NounsPossessive Nouns

penguinPeterseastarshammergirls

penguin’sPeter’ssea’sstars’hammer’sgirls’

Can you make each of these words possessive?Can you use the words in sentences?

Can you create a sentence with a different possessive noun?

Vocabulary QuizVocabulary Quiz

food chain ecosystem algae scavenger omnivore

all the living and nonliving things in

a certain area

animals that eats both animal flesh and plants

animals that feeds on dead animals

a group of living things in a chain in which the first living thing is eaten by the second, the second is eaten by the third and so on

simple living things that are composed of one or more cells.

Vocabulary QuizVocabulary Quiz

absorbs food web diet ridges predators

a group of food chains in an ecosystem that are connected

raised narrow strips

the food and drink eaten by an animal

takes in

animals that hunts and kills other animals for food

Word StructureWord Structure stable compound mine pupil

These words are homographs.

Homographs are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings and word origins.

Two definitions for the word compound are:

1. An enclosure

2. Something composed of two or more elements

Word StructureWord Structure What are two definitions for the words? Can you use them in sentences?

stable

mine

pupil

1. Steady not changing 2. Building for animals like horses 1. Possessive of I 2. An excavation in the ground for removing minerals

1. Student 2. An opening in the iris of the eye that reacts to light

These words are derivatives of a Latin root.

What root is it?

These words are derivatives of a Latin root.

What root is it? omnivore.

herbivore.

carnivore devour

The Latin root is vor which means “eat”.

What does each word mean?

- something that eats both plants and animal flesh- something that eats only plants .

- something that eats animal flesh.

- to eat recklessly

Can you use each word in a sentence?

Reading With a Writer’s EyeReading With a Writer’s Eye

A writer chooses how to present the information he or she includes in a text. In this story, the writer presents information in classes and categories. However there is a larger organization. It goes from general-- food chains, food webs, and ecosystems-- to the specifics-- the things that make up these chains and webs. The writer has moved to the most specific, describing the scientific process behind the life of the primary producer. Then the author will move up the food chain, describing each level. You should use this kind of organization in your reports, or other pieces of writing.

Comprehension CheckComprehension Check What is a food web? It is a group of food chains linked together by

species who eat the same things. What purpose does sunlight play in photosynthesis? It gives the plants the energy to combine water with

carbon dioxide to produce food. What is an herbivore? A herbivore is an animal that eats only plants. What is the difference between a scavenger and a

predator? Scavengers eat what is left from a predator’s catch.

Comprehension CheckComprehension Check What is at the bottom of a food chain? The bottom of a food chain contains mainly green plants. What is a predator? A predator is an animal that hunts its food. How does this relate to the theme? It describe how energy is used to sustain life. How is energy from the sun passed along the food chain? Plants trap the energy, animals eat the plants, and other

animals eat them. Why are there fewer living things on the last level of a food

web or energy pyramid? There is only enough energy to keep a few carnivores

alive.

Daily EditingCorrect the following sentences.Daily EditingCorrect the following sentences.

i think using power from the son is a good ways to save energy?

I think using power from the sun is a good way to save energy.

Plants use the suns energy too get energy to make food

Plants use the sun’s energy to get energy to make food.

Writing- Persuasive ReportWriting- Persuasive Report

As you research, you will find conflicting information. You must decide how to use the information you find to support your views.

To persuade the reader you should use proven facts, examples from research or personal experiences that strengthen your position.

You also should use expert interviews or outside resources

Solar power should be used to provide part of our homes’ electrical needs because it is better for the environment.

1. My dad says it is too expensive to buy a solar energy system for our house .

2. Studies show many other power sources create emissions that cause acid rain.

3.Solar power is cool because only a few people have it.

Which supporting evidence is stronger? Why?

2 -It talks about why it is better for the environment.

Which evidence is part of an opposing argument?

1- It gives evidence why solar power shouldn’t be used.

Continue Researching Continue Researching

You need to continue researching for evidence that supports your view.

Make sure you are keeping notes and sources.

Spelling Word SortSpelling Word Sortnon- vor sect jur

jury

jurist

jurisdiction

devour

carnivore

herbivore

omnivore

nonviolentnontoxicnonsticknonessentialnonresidentnoncreativenonsensenonconformingnonprofitnonabrasive

section

dissect

intersect

Grammar, Usage, and MechanicsGrammar, Usage, and Mechanics

What are some examples of pronouns?I, we, he she , itA pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns.What are some examples of object pronouns?

you, her, him, it, us, themA subject pronoun is the subject of a sentence and also the predicate noun.An object pronoun is the direct object or indirect object in a sentence

Grammar, Usage, and MechanicsGrammar, Usage, and Mechanics

What are some examples of possessive pronouns?my, you’re, her, his, our, and their A possessive pronoun shows ownership and can be used alone or before a noun.

Write five sentences that include pronouns.

A vulture is a __________.

What vocabulary word goes best in each sentence?What vocabulary word goes best in each sentence?

scavenger

Some grass eating animals have ________ on their teeth for grinding food.

absorbs

__________ are animals that hunt other animals for food.Predators

A pond is an example of an __________. ecosystem

The paper towel __________ water very well.

ridges

An Oviraptor eats both plant and animal flesh, so it is an ______________.

What vocabulary word goes best in each sentence?

What vocabulary word goes best in each sentence?

omnivore

A group of interrelated food chains in a particular community is called a ___________.food web

Seaweed is one form of ________.algae

Green plants are usually on the bottom of the_____________.food chain

To have energy for activities, you should eat a healthy ______.diet

Word Structure ActivityWord Structure Activity

Prefixespre- , de-,

sub-, trans-,

Suffixes

-ation, -tion,

-able, -ible

Latin Roots

scrib, script,

port, tract

How many words can you create using the affixes and Latin roots? You have 5 minutes.

Possible Answers: prescribe, transport, transportation, subtract, subscript, subscription, scribble, portable, transportable, describe, subscribe, subtraction, describe, description, deport, deportation, traction

Meet the Authors Bobby Kalman and Jacqueline LangilleMeet the Authors Bobby Kalman and Jacqueline Langille

How is Bobby Kalman’s quote about revisiting several times reflected in her writing?

Her writing is extremely organized and to the point. She does not include extra information, only what the reader needs to know..

How does Kalman’s revising affect her writing? It helps her create texts that are interesting and

informative.

Theme ConnectionsTheme Connections How do you think humans are part of a food

chain? We eat plants, and we eat animals that eat plants.

How have humans affected the food web? We have killed many predators, which means there

are now too many herbivores.

How is the energy in a food chain different from the energy in the wind?

Food energy is found inside living things, but wind exists outside.

Theme ConnectionsTheme Connections Can you think of a way in which wind might

contribute to a food chain? The wind blows leaves off trees,, and then

decomposers eat the dead leaves.

Following a food chain backward, what is the energy source for all living things?

The energy source for all living things is the sun.

What could happen if all of the plankton in the ocean died?

Fish would have no food. The earth wouldn’t have enough oxygen.

Using an Outline to Organize InformationUsing an Outline to Organize Information

Outlines are a helpful way to organize main ideas and supporting details to plan a draft.

Your ideas should be organized logically to help you convince your readers.

Consider what you have learned about moving from the general to the specific in Reading with a Writer’s Eye.

Now share your topic and position.Now share your topic and position. What is your topic? How are you going to convince the

reader of your opinion? Turn to Skills Practice page 121. Fill in your purpose and audience in the

think section. How is the organizer like an outline? Where will you write your controlling

idea, main points, and evidence?

Continue researching your topic and fill in your prewriting outline.

The prefix non- means not. The prefix non- means not. Latin Roots and Their Meanings Sect means cut. Vor means eat. Carn means meat. Herb means plant. Jur, jud, and jus mean law. .Omni means all.

Nonviolent

Nonsense

Noncreative

What other words have the same base words as these words?

violence

sensible

creation

Carnivore

Using the information you know about Latin roots, what do you think this word means?

carn= meat vor= eat “meat-eater”

Grammar, Usage, and MechanicsGrammar, Usage, and Mechanics

Laura wanted to go to the movie. She had to pick up Ashleigh first.

How can I change these two sentences into a compound sentence?

Laura wanted to go to the movie, but she had to pick up Ashleigh first.

Compound sentences consists of two or more simple sentences, which are also called independent clauses.

They are connect by a semicolon or a comma and a conjunction.

Conjunctions are words that connect words or groups of words. Common conjunctions are and, or, and but.

Activity:

Write five sentences using commas, conjunctions, or semicolons.

Be ready to share your sentences with the class.

You have 10 minutes to complete this activity.

Grammar, Usage, and MechanicsGrammar, Usage, and Mechanics

Word Structure ReviewWord Structure Reviewsun’s energy herbivore’s body animal’s body omnivore’s dietnonconfrontational nonmeasurable nonjudgmental nonrenewablestable compound mine pupil omnivore herbivore carnivore devour

What are the rules for forming possessive pronouns?Add ‘s after singular nouns and plural nouns that don’t end in s; plural nouns that end in s, add an apostrophe.What is a homograph?Homographs are words that are spelled the same, but have different meanings and different word origins.

Word Structure Review ActivityWord Structure Review Activity

The Latin root narr means tell.

Activity:

Work with a partner. List as many words that have the Latin root narr in it as you can.

Use five of your words in sentences.

Be prepared to share your words and sentences with the class.

You have 7 minutes.

Vocabulary Review ActivityVocabulary Review Activity

Activity Directions:

Work with a partner. Make a concentration activity to do with your partner using the words and definitions.

Match the word to the definition.

You have 10 minutes to create and use the activity.

Writing Assignment:Writing Assignment:

Who is your reader? How are you going to present your

information so it is convincing to the reader?

It is time to start your draft. Use your notes and outline. Remember to consider the needs of

your audience.

Addressing Audience Needs Addressing Audience Needs

Remember that different readers have different needs and interests. Your draft should depend on your audience’s interests, needs and knowledge.

For example, a report about saving a forest would be presented differently to a lumbering company than an environmental conservation group.

Because the purpose of a persuasive report is to convince, it is important that you provide reasons and emotional appeals that will influence your specific audience.

Spelling StrategySpelling Strategy A lion is an omnuvoar. Which word is misspelled? Omnivore You can use the meaning strategy to determine how to

spell words. Think about other words that have the same Latin root.

In this case, omnivore is related to herbivore and carnivore, which have the Latin root vor.

Change the word so that the spelling of the root matches those from related words.

Study SkillsStudy Skills Chains show steps in a process or

sequence of events. Look at the diagrams. The food chain

is much like a sequence of events. For example, an animal eats a plant. Then another animal eats the animal that ate the plant. A food web is two or more connected food chains.

Can you create a food chain for your lunch yesterday?