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Who originally brought cattle to Texas?

Shirts- 2 wool shirts red is the popular color

Pants- wool

Hats- broad brimmedhat

Boots- with pointed toe and “cowboy heel”

Spurs- star shapedwill not injure the horse’s sides and easy to walk in

Chaps-leather chaps save wear & tear on your pants

Lariat- 40ft long rope

Cook- goes ahead ofthe group to preparethe food in a chuck wagon

Trail boss- is in charge of the trail drive and money

Wrangler- cares for saddle horses

Drag- newest &youngest person who works behind the drive

Scouts

XITRoundup

Brand

Remuda- “exchange”

Watch out for stampedes

on the open range

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNWQQPvNJBs

•Spanish/Anglo breed •Strong animals endure the hot/cold •Long pointed horns for protection

•Average horns about 6 ft long •Long legged and strong for travel•Travel long without needing a lot of water

How were the longhorns suited to the open-range ranching?

•After Civil War, the demand for beef increased•Cattle in Texas was $4 per head•Cattle in NE was $30 to $40 per head

•Expansion of Railroads allowed beef to be shipped

•Cow towns were built near packinghouses and stockyards•Abilene, Kansas was the first cow town

•Chisholm Trail was the first great cattle trail•More railroads build, more trails developed

1) What conclusion can you draw from the map on the previous slide?A. All cattle trails that started in Texas led to towns in the east.B. After the war, ranchers used the trails to bring cattle from other states to

Texas.C. After the war, numerous trails were added to support the growing cattle

industry in Texas.D. Before the war, increased settlement encouraged Texas ranchers to find new

markets for their cattle.

2) Which trail did not go through Indian Territory?

3) What did the final destination of the trails have in common?

4)What general direction did the herds move along the cattle drive? North South East or West

5)How did rivers affect the path of the Goodnight- Loving Trail?

6)Which era in Texas history is associated with cattle drives?A. American Colonization (1820–1835)B. Republic of Texas (1836–1845)C. Economic Development (1860–1920)D. Modern Texas (1939–present)

•Jesse Chisholm is part CherokeeIndian and traded with them.•Trail was established to drivecattle farther west to Abilene,KSwith the help of business manJoseph McCoy.

•To avoid new settlers that livedalong the Chisholm Trail•Drove cattle to Dodge City, KS

•Goodnight and Loving Drove the cattle from centerOf N. Texas to Pecos.•Loving died during a IndianAttack.

Goodnight and Adairestablished the 1st

permanent ranch in thePanhandle, the JA Ranch

John Adair

The open range became crowded and people felt the need to fence in their cattle and keep others out. Farmers needed to protect their crops from being eaten by cattle during the cattle drive.1)What do you think the farmers need invent in order to keep the cattle from their crops?

•Joseph F. Glidden patent barbed wire•Windmills can be seen

•Daniel Webster “80John” Wallace – mostrespected black rancher

•Goodnight and Adair

•Richard & Henrietta King –well known ranch today. After Richard died Henrietta became the richest women.

•XIT Ranch- spanned 10counties. Farwell brothersobtained a contract toa new capitol building in exchange for 3,000,000 acres in the Panhandle.

1. Where did most farm animals come from?2. What is a vaquero?3. Of the several jobs, which Cowboy job Cowboy do you think was the worse?4. Explain why you think that job was the worse?5. True or False. Life as a cowboy was easy.6. List one reason why Longhorns were suitablefor cattle drives.7.Was the price for cattle in the NE more or lessthan the Texas?8. Name one cattle trail.9. What was the purpose of cattle trails?10. What contributed to the closing the open range?

1. Spanish2. Cowboy3. Drag

4. Dirtiest5. False6. Endure the weather,strong, long horns, do not need a lot of water 7. More8. Chisholm, WesternGoodnight-Loving9. Send cattle to NE & W for cheaper meat10. Barb wire