Era of Economic DevelopmentEra of Economic Development 1860-19201860-1920

Who originally brought cattle to Texas?Who originally brought cattle to Texas?

We’re here!

Shirts- 2 wool shirts red is the popular color

Pants- wool

Hats- broad brimmedhat

Boots- with pointed toe and “cowboy heel”

Spurs- star shapedwill not injure the horse’s sides and easy to walk in

Chaps-leather chaps save wear & tear on your pants

Lariat- 40ft long rope

CookCook- goes ahead ofthe group to preparethe food in a chuck wagon

Trail bossTrail boss- is in charge of the trail drive and money

WranglerWrangler- cares for saddle horses

DragDrag- newest &youngest person who works behind the drive

ScoutsScouts

XITRoundup

Brand

Remuda- “exchange”

Watch out for stampedes

on the open range

•Spanish/Anglo breed

•Especially suited to open-range ranching: --could withstand cold/hot weather --long legged and could walk long distances --long pointed horns for protection

(average horns about 6 ft long) --could travel long distances without a lot of water

•After Civil War, the demand for beef increased•Cattle in Texas was $4 per head•Cattle in the North and East was $30 to $40 per head

•Cow towns were built near packinghouses and stockyards•Abilene, Kansas was the first cow town

•After the war, numerous trails were added to support the growing cattle industry in Texas

•Expansion of the Railroads allowed cattle to be herded north to the trains where they would be shipped East to be sold.

•Jesse Chisholm is part CherokeeIndian and traded with them.

•Trail was established to drivecattle farther west to Abilene,KSwith the help of business manJoseph McCoy.

•To avoid new settlers that livedalong the Chisholm Trail

•Drove cattle to Dodge City, KS

•Goodnight and Loving •Drove the cattle from center of north Texas to Pecos•Rivers affected the path of the trail by providing water for the herds•Only Texas Trail that didn’t go through Indian Territory•Loving died during a Indian attack.

John Adair

•Once the buffalo had been killed and the Native Texans were moved onto reservations, settlers began moving into West Texas and the open range became crowded.

•In addition, farmers in these areas were upset by the cattle drives because trailing herds trampled crops , grazed on grass needed to feed the farmer’s livestock, and carried a disease known as “Tick Fever.”

•Pioneers throughout the Great Plains were constantly looking for a cheap solution for the cattle that trampled and ate their crops as they were herded along the trails

•1873 Joseph F. Glidden invented barbed wire

•Barbed wire was inexpensive and effective

•Barbed wire soon spread across the state, fencing off individual farms and ranches

•The open range soon became a thing of the past!

•The introduction of windmills also encouraged ranchers to fence their land

•Cattle owners had allowed their cattle to roam the open range in search of water.

•As a result of the windmill, pioneers could contain their cattle in a certain area and use the windmills to provide water from underground (did not have to depend on surface water sources)

•Daniel Webster “80 John” Wallace – most respected black rancher

•Richard & Henrietta King –well known ranch today. After Richard died Henrietta became the richest women.

•XIT Ranch- In the 1880s the Farwell brothers were given 3 million acres of landin the Texas Panhandle for building the statecapital. Keeping the land together made itThe largest ranch in the state—it spanned 10 counties.

Goodnight and Adairestablished the 1st

permanent ranch in thePanhandle, the JA RanchJA Ranch