Welcome To“St. Luke’s The Best of Britain Tour”

Highlights in England, Scotland and WalesMay 19 to June 1, 2016

This Book Belongs To:

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Facts about Great Britain

About the UK: The United Kingdom consists of England, Wales, Scot-land (which together make up Great Britain) and Northern Ireland.

Full name: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great Britain includes only England, Scotland and Wales. Great Britain is also the name of the largest island in the British Isles.

Population: The population of the UK is estimated to be around 63 million. Florida was 19.89 million in 2014.

Capital cities: The capital city of the UK is London, which is also the capital of England. For Wales the capital is Cardiff, for Scotland it is Edinburgh, and for Northern Ireland it is Belfast.

Prime Minister: David Cameron, since 2010.

Land area: The UK is close to 95,000 square miles. Stretching from the Shetland Islands off the north coast of Scotland, to the Isles of Scilly in south west England, and across the sea to Northern Ireland. The UK is roughly the size of MI.

Economy: The UK is one of the world’s leading business locations and the number one destination for inward investment in Europe. The UK is one of the top ten manufacturers in the world.

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Major languages: English is spoken throughout the UK. Other official languages are Welsh, Scots and Gaelic.

Major religion: Christianity followed by Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism,Judaism and Buddhism.

Monetary unit: The Pound Sterling (GBP or £)

Main exports: Pearls, gems, precious metals and coins, Machinery,Mineral fuels including oil, and Vehicles excluding trains and streetcars.

What Time Is It?Great Britain is currently on British Summer Time (BST) similar to our Daylight Savings Time. This places London five hours ahead of Orlando. London is one hour behind Paris.

4:16pm Tuesday in Orlando is…9:16pm Tuesday in London, which is…10:16pm Tuesday in Paris

British Currency

Pound, £, Coins: £2 and £1. The £2 is bigger in size than the £1. Bills: £5 (a Fiver), £10 (a Tenner), £20, and £50. Bills of different denominations are different colors. They all feature a picture of HRM. The picture dates to the 1990’s.

Pence: There are, you will be glad to know, 100 Pence to the Pound.

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Coins: 1 Pence (also still called 1 Penny). It is abbreviated 1p. 2 Pence, 5 Pence, 10 Pence, 20 Pence, and 50 Pence. Yes, that is 1p, 5p, 10p, 20p, and 50p. Price tags look much as you would expect: £2.25 = £2 and 25p.

Keep an eye out. British currency has been updated in recent years, so you may see large 2p coins (Tuppence, naturally), a larger 50p coin sometimes called a “Cartwheel” and the old Penny which would NEVER wind up in the Hoover! What Temperature Is It?The British Isles measure temperatures in Celsius like most of the world. A simple conversion is: multiply the Celsius temperature by 9 then di-vide by 5 and add 32. That should get you close enough to know if you need your snowsuit or your swimsuit.

This will help!

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Helpful English Words…Wait! Don’t We Speak It Already? These are mostly for fun! Don’t worry, they will understand you and will know that you are not from around there!

Bag of Fruit New SuitBangers Sausage, often served with MashBiscuits CookiesBin Trash CanBit A small amount, minor taskBits and Bobs Odds and EndsBrilliant Great! The cool kids say: “Brill!”Brolly UmbrellaBung (verb) Throw in. Bung it in the bin!Chat Up FlirtCheers! Thanks! See ya!Chippie Fish and Chip ShopChips French FriesCling Film Saran WrapCrisps Potato Chips or other chips Cuppa A cup of teaFortnight Two WeeksHoover VacuumKnackered TiredKnock Up Knock on someone’s doorLet’s go rub-a-dub-dub Let’s go to the pub!Loo ToiletLoo Roll Toilet paperMash (noun) Mashed PotatoesMash (verb) Brew the TeaMate Close friendNick (verb) StealOne off One time thingOrbital A loop around the cityPlonker Silly personQueue Line. Also verb. You queue in a queue. Quid A Pound, think “Buck” in the US.Return Round Trip ticketRubbish Trash or NonsenseScrummy Something scrumptious and yummy!Serviette Napkin. A “Nappy” is a diaperTa! See “Cheers!” aboveWay Out Exit

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A Few Foods to Try in Britain…Fish & Chips - You can also have Sausage and Chips prepared the same way.

Sunday Roast with Yorkshire Pudding - Although you can get Sunday roast with turkey, beef, pork, chicken, lamb and veggie options – it’s im-portant to always make sure you get your Yorkshire pudding! Tradition-ally served with beef, Yorkshire pudding is a true British classic and can often be added to any Sunday roast order. A traditional roast comes with meat, potatoes, gravy and vegetables and should be so large you find it difficult to walk afterwards!

Eton Mess - A fabulous mix of crushed meringue, cream and strawber-ries.

Pie and Mash - Today there are a whole plethora of pie types to try! A classic comfort food, pie served with a pile of creamy mashed potatoes and lashings of gravy is a real British treat!

Bangers and Mash - Another classic with mashed potatoes as a side is Bangers and Mash. Essentially sausage and potatoes.

Full English Breakfast - The full English breakfast is a mighty meal! Traditionally, you find a dish that incorporates: sausage, eggs, toma-toes, mushrooms, blood pudding, potatoes, and toast. This is a great traditional British dish – easy, tasty, and usually inexpensive! BTW, you can skip the blood pudding if you like!

Sticky Toffee Pudding - Originating in Scotland, sticky toffee pudding consists of moist sponge cake stuffed with raisins or dates drenched in a toffee sauce and served with custard or ice cream…What else is there to say? Delicious!

Bread and Butter Pudding - It is quite literally a pudding made of bread and butter which, for some reason, doesn’t taste like just plain bread and butter. In fact, it is a delicious, sweet dessert that is a British favorite.

Trifle - Dessert you don’t have to feel too guilty about! Cream, sponge cake, gelatin, “jelly” in Britain, and fruit.

-Thank You to freetoursbyfoot.com and handluggageonly.com

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Don’t know much about Scotland, England, and Wales?

Here is a little bit about Scotland. Look on page 19 for a bit about England. Then look on page 31 for a bit about Wales. This might be a good thing to do on the plane!

AD 82 Roman invasion into “Caledonia” (Roman name for this land) and Roman Emperor Tacitus records victory against the “Picts” (Painted people) and various other tribes.

AD 121 Romans build Hadrians Wall and Antonine Wall to keep out the Picts they were unable to conquer.

AD 500 Romans finally abandon Scottish outposts. Picts, Angles and Scots go on to rule their individual kingdoms.

AD 563 Columba founds monastery on the Island of Iona. Christianity spreads.

AD 843 Picts and Scots are united under Kenneth McAlpin and the Picts identity is lost to history.

AD 890 The Norsemen occupy the Western and Northern Isles of Scot-land.

AD 1018 King Malcolm defeats the Angles and his grandson Duncan brings the country together under the name of Scotia, except for the remaining isles still held by Norsemen.

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1296 Edward I takes the Stone of Scone (or the Stone of Destiny) to England.

1263 Western Isles claimed back from the Norsemen.

1320 Scottish sovereignty affirmed by treaty with England and the declaration of the Pope.

1326 Scottish parliament meets for the first time.

1472 Shetland and Orkney Islands reclaimed and placed under Scottish rule.

1488-1513 Under the strong leadership of James IV Edinburgh be-comes the capital of Scotland.

1542-1567 The period of Mary Queen of Scots’ short reign.

1560 The Scottish Parliament passed laws getting rid of the mass and the Pope’s power in Scotland. John Knox is part of this “First” Reforma-tion in Scotland.

1587 Elizabeth I orders the execution of Mary Queen of Scots.

1603 James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England and moves to London.

1638 National Covenant is signed. “Christ, not the King, is the Head of the Church!”

1689 James VII deposed after his attempt to restore Catholicism.

1745-6 Prince Charles Edward Stuart, or Bonnie Prince Charlie (grand-son of James VII) makes a bid for the throne but is defeated at the Bat-tle of Culloden and becomes a wanted man with a price on his head.

1706-1707 Union of Parliaments of England and Scotland. Scottish Parliament dissolved.

1769 Scotsman James Watt patents the Steam Engine.

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1786 Robert Burns publishes some of his first poems.

1800 Glasgow’s population reaches 200,000 as industry (cotton and shipbuilding mainly) flourish.

1832 Death of Sir Walter Scott. He is buried at Dryburgh Abbey.

1848 Queen Victoria moves into Balmoral Castle, bringing theHighlands into popular fashion as the place to visit on holiday.

1876 Scotsman Alexander Graham Bell patents his new invention - the first “working telephone.”

1914-1918 74,000 Scots die in World War I.

1950 On Christmas Day, Ian Hamilton, Alan Stuart, Gavin Vernon and Kay Matheson removed the Stone of Destiny from Westminster Abbey and smuggled it back to Scotland.

1953 The Stone of Destiny is back in London in plenty of time for the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.

1996 Stone of Destiny returned to Scotland and now on display inEdinburgh Castle. It must be returned to London for the next Corona-tion.

1999 Scotland’s parliament reestablished.-Thank you to: www.insiders-scotland-guide.com/ScotlandBriefHistory.html

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Orlando to London!Day 1 - Thursday, May 19, 2016

Here We Go! We are on our way now! When we wake in the morning, assuming that you slept on the plane, we will be in Great Britain,specifically in England. We will have traveled 4,336 miles! During this time, I hope you take the time to meet someone in our group that you don’t know and spend a few minutes in this guide getting ready for awonderful trip!

A Bit of Reading on the PlaneIf you would like to get your head in the game a bit before the off, I would encourage you to spend a few minutes reading and thinking about:

• The Bit about Scotland, page 7. You may have read this already!• The Bit about England, page 19. • The Bit about Wales, page 31. • The “Tangent.” This a bit of background to help you understand the

English Reformation. Page 26. • The Bit about the Bible in English. Page 55. • The Bit about what to do with your Free Time in London. You might

want to start planning! Page 56.

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Church History ReflectionIf you have traveled with us before, you already know that one of my favorite sayings is: “Life is about the journey, not simply about the destination.” Our journey today will take us from Orlando across the Atlantic to London. As I was thinking about this, it called to mind a small group of people who once made this journey in the other direction. We call them the Pilgrims. In fact, they were Separatist who were very unhappy with the Church of England. Basically, they thought that the “new” church had not changed enough when it separated from Rome. They didn’t like ecclesiastical courts, clerical vestments, altars and the practice of kneeling. They were also critical of the lax standards of public behavior, citing widespread drunkenness and the failure of many to keep the Sabbath properly. In 1608, they left for Holland. Bad housing, bad job opportunities and (in their opinion) bad morals in Holland, prompted them to leave for the New World in 1620. The part of the story I will always remember is that 45 of the 102 Pilgrims didn’t survive the first winter. I just cannot imagine that kind of pain and grief. In the spring, the Mayflower sailors prepared to return to England. They offered the settlers the chance to go back. Not one person took them up on their offer!

Devotion for the DayLet’s begin our journey with the word of God. Psalm 91:1-4 says:“He who dwells in the shelter of the Most High will abide in the shadow of the Almighty. I will say to the Lord, “My refuge and my fortress, my God, in whom I trust.” For he will deliver you from the snare of the fowler and from the deadly pestilence. He will cover you with his pinions, and under his

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wings you will find refuge; his faithfulness is a shield and buckler.”

Years ago, my sister Melisa and I, still little things then, made a trip to see relatives in California. We flew on Continental. My dad said: “you are going to fly on a bird with golden tail!” I began to cry! I didn’t want to fly on a bird, I wanted to fly on a plane! As we take off today, I am happy to fly on our bird with a red, white and blue tail. But I am even happier that as we do so, God is keeping us safe under the feathers of his wings. As we set off, you may well be concerned about many things back home. These things are also in his hands, under his wings, in his heart. This is true because your whole life is under his wings, or rather under his arms out-stretched on the cross. This is true no matter what, and forever!

In Your Prayers Today, please remember…• Verna, Linda and Michael.• These things that you would like Him to keep under His wings as

we travel.• The safety of our trip.• Loved ones back home. You will likely miss each other! Maybe you

can even bring them a little something back! What do you think?!

Thoughts and Reflections from Day 1…• Today is “Circus Day!” The first Ringling Brothers Circus was held on

this day in 1884.• What will you remember about today?• Did you get out of the house on time?• What did you forget?• What will you do differently next time?• Did you buy anything in the airport?• How did you find the plane? What did you eat? Did you watch a

movie or two? • Did you already have a nice chat with someone in our group?

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London Gatwick/Edinburgh Day 2 - Friday, May 20, 2016

At 9:30am BST, we will arrive at London Gatwick Airport. Six airports serve the capital of Great Britain. Heathrow was the busiest in Europe in 2015. Gatwick came in ninth. At Gatwick, some 40 million passengers found their way to some 200 destinations in 90 countries aboard 45 different airlines. Hopefully they will not all be in the passage ahead of us as we make our way to British Airlines 2940 departing at 11:30am for Edinburgh. If you are already in the mood for heavy shopping, Harrods actually has an outlet in Gatwick. But, I recommend waiting to see the real thing later in our journey! Why not start with a cuppa and biscuit instead?!

Church History ReflectionYou may have heard the phrase: “The Irish saved civilization!” It comes from a 1995 publication. You might hear cheers and hoots in a Scottish pub for making such a claim. But the Irish certainly were a big part of bringing Christianity and the message of salvation to Scotland and later into northern England. In 563 AD, Celtic Missionary St. Columba arrived from Ireland. He landed on the sandy beaches of the Island of Iona, just off the Scottish coast. He and the 12 followers he brought along,

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founded a church and monastery on the island. Once settled, the Irish monk set about converting most of pagan Scotland and northern England to the Christian faith.

Devotion for the DaySt. Columba is said to have prayed: “Give me, I pray you, Lord, in the name of Jesus Christ, your Son and my God, love that does not fail so that my lantern burning within me and giving light to others, may be always lighted and never extinguished.”

It sounds a little like: “You are the light of the world. A city set on a hill cannot be hidden. Nor do people light a lamp and put it under a basket, but on a stand, and it gives light to all in the house. In the same way, let your light shine before others, so that they may see your good works and give glory to your Father who is in heaven. – Matthew 5:14-16

There could be no better goal in this life than to live in a way that gives glory to God. Unfortunately, that doesn’t sound much like my life! I am far more likely to pray: “my will be done,” than “thy will be done!” The true glory of our Father in heaven is found in the death of his Son on the cross and his resurrection. This saving work of Jesus Christ is followed by the gift of the Holy Spirit. In this season of Pentecost, we remember the work of the Holy Spirit in our lives. He gives us the hope of letting our light shine and giving a light to others.

In Your Prayers Today, please remember…• Susan, Debbie and Steve.• Our safe arrival.• That God would draw us ever closer to Him during our journey. • How God might be working in your life through this journey.• That God would give you a specific opportunity to let His light

shine today. Write it down if you can!

Thoughts and Reflections from Day 2…• Today is Pizza Party Day! Is that what you are thinking of eating

while in Scotland? Perhaps you would like some Haggis instead?!• How’s the Jet Lag? Did you manage to stay awake all day?!• What did you think you packed only to find out that it is still at

home?• Did you hear anyone speaking Gaelic? Keep listening for it.

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EdinburghDay 3 - Saturday, May 21, 2016

Today our “touring” begins in force! We are reflecting on a prayer of St. Columba during our devotion time this morning. This prayer seems so appropriate, to ask that God would be with us in every pass, hill, stream, castle, church, restaurant, and shop along the way. Today we will see Edinburgh Castle, the Palace of Holyroodhouse, the Scott Mon-ument, and St. Giles Cathedral.

Church History ReflectionThe man most closely associated with the Reformation in Scotland is John Knox. Knox was born near where we are right now, close to Edinburgh, although no one knows exactly where. His early life is quite a story. He became a Protestant as a young man, tutored children in St. Andrew’s Castle and was taken prisoner when the French captured the Castle. They made him row as a galley slave for 19 months. When freed, he spent time in London with Thomas Cranmer (See Reflection on Day Seven). When Mary I came to the throne, he fled to the Continent where he encountered John Calvin and the theology that would do much to shape him and the Scottish Church. In 1559, Knox returned to Scotland and preached all over the country, including at St. Giles Cathe-dral. In 1560, the Scottish Parliament passed laws ending the Mass and the Pope’s power in Scotland. The “First” Scottish Reformation was of-ficial! In 1690, the Presbyterian Church was established as the national Church of Scotland. Today, many of the Presbyterian churches in the US find their roots in the days of John Knox and the Scottish Reformation. I have even heard that there are churches in the hills of North Carolina where a pastor who can preach with a Scottish accent gets paid more!

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Devotion for the DayGod be with thee in every pass,Jesus be with thee on every hill,Spirit be with thee on every stream,Headland and ridge and lawn;

Each sea and land, each moor and meadowEach lying down, each rising up,In the trough of the waves, on the crest of the billows,Each step of the journey thou goest.

-From an instruction by Saint Columba.

This blessing calls to mind for me the words of Psalm 139:“O Lord, you have searched me and known me! You know when I sit down and when I rise up; you discern my thoughts from afar. You search out my path and my lying down and are acquainted with all my ways. Even before a word is on my tongue, behold, O Lord, you know it altogether. You hem me in, behind and before, and lay your hand upon me. Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high; I cannot attain it.”

As we venture out into the beauty of the Highlands today, you will certainly see things that are too wonderful for you to explain. Nothing is more wonderful that the fact God knows you. He knows you enough to know that you need a Savior. He knows you enough to know “each lying down and each rising up.” He even knows you enough to know how much you enjoy beautiful things… things like the Highlands! Enjoy!

In Your Prayers Today, please remember…• Wanda, Paula and Doug.• All who have been touched by the reforming work of John Knox.• All who do not yet have the wonderful knowledge of Jesus Christ.• All around the world as they prepare for worship tomorrow.

Thoughts and Reflections from Day 3…• Today is World Whiskey Day! Now, that sounds more like the High-

lands! Sample anyone? BTW, in Scotland you learn that there is only one acceptable thing to mix with Scottish Whiskey. Do you know what that is?

• Did you really!? Did you actually buy something on our first day out and about?! What was it? Who is the lucky recipient?

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Edinburgh – The HighlandsDay 4 - Sunday, May 22, 2016 - Trinity Sunday

On my first trip to Scotland, I preached for the pastor at St. Columba Lutheran Church in East Kilbride, near Glasgow. The next morning, I drove up into the Highlands. I made my lunch stop on the edge of Loch Lomond. A few short weeks later, I found myself making hospital visits at Florida Hospital, Winter Park, FL. It is on Loch Lomond. I took one look and said: “You’ve got to be kidding me!” They don’t look much alike. Later we will see this beautiful Loch as well as having the privilege of worshiping together in Aberfoyle in the Trossach’s today. We might even be able to sample some of the local nectar!

Church History ReflectionOh, if things would remain simple and solved! We read yesterday about the Scottish Reformation and men like John Knox, who were part of this effort. This Reformation was official in 1560. But then King Charles I came to the throne in 1625. Within four years, he had dissolvedParliament and was ruling on his own. He and William Laud, theArchbishop of Canterbury, moved against any who would not conform to the Church of England. In Scotland, this led to what is often called the Second Reformation with the signing of the National Covenant in 1638. This Covenant said: “Christ, not the King, is the head of the church” and “the law for the believer is the Bible.” Many years of war, of establishing and then dissolving Parliament again, finally led to the Scots capturing Charles and handing him over to Parliament who exe-cuted him in 1649. This brought the monarchy to a temporary end and ushered in the Commonwealth. See Bit about England below.

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Devotion for the DayThere is something that we 21st Century believers take SO for granted. It is one of the things that the Reformers, in particular, the Scottish Covenanters fought for. They fought for the right to read, and think, and believe, for themselves. In other words, they fought for the place of the individual faith in Jesus Christ. These days, we have to remind and encourage believers to take time to read their Bibles! Imagine a time when you would have given anything to read a Bible but it just wasn’t possible, or even legal! Spend some time today reflecting on these passages. They speak of our time in the word.

Hebrews 4:12 For the word of God is living and active, sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing to the division of soul and of spirit, of joints and of marrow, and discerning the thoughts and intentions of the heart.

Deuteronomy 29:29 “The secret things belong to the Lord our God, but the things that are revealed belong to us and to our children forever, that we may do all the words of this law.

Matthew 4:4 But he answered, “It is written, “‘Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that comes from the mouth of God.’”

Luke 11:28 But he said, “Blessed rather are those who hear the word of God and keep it!”

John 6:68 Simon Peter answered him, “Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life…”

I try to remember that every time I crack open my Bible, I am saying “thank you” not only to the Reformers who fought to translate it into my language, but also to the Author.

In Your Prayers Today, please remember…• Marge, Jackie and Irene.• People back home. As they gather in worship on this Trinity Sun-

day. • Give thanks to God for those who fought the battle and gave their

own lives so that we could read the Bible in our own language.• To thank God for the work of the Father and the Son and the Holy

Spirit in your life.

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Thoughts and Reflections from Day 4…• Today is, believe it or not, Loch Ness Monster Day. NO! I didn’t make

this one up! The first reported sighting of Nessie was on this day in 1933.

• Did you find anything in your suitcase that you forgot you packed?• Are there any souvenirs in your suitcase yet? Are they for you?• Have you gotten to know someone else in our group?• Have you sent an “I wish you were here” postcard yet?• Did Loch Lomond look like central Florida to you?

Now a little bit about England…43 A.D. Roman emperor Claudius conquers England. The Romans build about 10,000 miles of roads during their 400-year occupation.

597 A.D. St Augustine brings Christianity to Britain from Rome and becomes Archbishop of Canterbury.

793 A.D. First invasion by the Vikings.

1066 A.D. France’s William, Duke of Normandy, defeats Harold II, the Anglo-Saxon King, at the Battle of Hastings. William becomes King.

1215 King John is forced to sign the Magna Carta. The document gives English people basic rights.

1387 Geoffrey Chaucer starts writing the Canterbury Tales.

1509-1603 During the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I, the English Reformation takes place. The Church of England splits from the Roman Catholic Church.

1562 Tea arrives in Britain.

1588 The English defeat the Spanish Armada.

1591 First performance of a play by William Shakespeare.

1649 Charles I is executed. This brings the Monarchy to a temporary end.

1653 Oliver Cromwell proclaimed Lord Protector of the “Common-

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wealth of England.”

1660 Restoration of the Monarchy under King Charles II.

1669 English Bill of Rights. From now on England’s monarchs would rule in partnership with Parliament.

1788 First convict ships are sent to Australia.

1805 Lord Nelson defeats Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar.

1815 Duke of Wellington defeats Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo.

1837-1901 Queen Victoria becomes Britain’s longest-ruling monarch. The Prime Minister and Parliament become more powerful, and the country moves toward a democratic system of government. OPPS! Not anymore! On September 9, 2015, Elizabeth II had officially reigned longer than her great, great grandmother!

1901-1910 Reign of King Edward VII, the son of Victoria and Albert.

1910-1936 Reign of King George V.

1914-1918 First World War. Compulsory military service and food rationing introduced.

1914 Church of Wales is established. It is now separate from the Church of England. Notice, in these years Britain is having “trouble” on the fringes.

1920 Republic of Ireland gains independence. 1936 June-December Reign of King Edward VIII. He abdicated to marry Mrs. Wallis Simpson.

1936-1952 Reign of King George VI. He is the father of Elizabeth II. Ruled during World War Two and refused to leave London during the Blitz.

1939-1945 Second World War.

1940-1945 Winston Churchill is Prime Minister.

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1950-1955 Winston Churchill is Prime Minister again.

1952 - present Reign of Queen Elizabeth II. She is now the longest reigning Monarch in British history. BTW, that is the longest reigning Monarch since 1066!

1979 Margaret Thatcher becomes Britain’s first female Prime Minister.

1994 Channel Tunnel links Britain back to the European continent. Some “Brits” say that this was the darkest day in history!

1997 After ruling Hong Kong for 155 years, Britain returns control of the former colony to China.

1997 Diana, the Princess of Wales, dies from injuries suffered in a car crash in Paris, France.

2013 Prince George of Cambridge is born. Three possible successors to the throne are now living.

- Thank you to various websites and a bit of firsthand knowledge.

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Edinburgh, Hadrian’s Wall, Durham, and YorkDay 5 - Monday, May, 23, 2016

Welcome to Day Five of our journey. I pray that you are sleeping well by now and are rested for a wonderful day. BTW, the folks back home will all be heading off to work soon! I’ll bet that helps to get your day off on the right foot! Today, we will cross the border between Scotland and England. This was not always so easy to do as Hadrian’s Wall will surely show us. My professor in Cambridge said: “Hadrian built the Wall because he couldn’t tame the Scots and no one has been able to since!” In Durham, we will visit the Cathedral which houses the graves of two very important men. One is of Bede the Venerable who wrote the first church history of England telling the Christian story up to 729. He told a story about the other man who is buried in the Cathedral, St. Cuthbert. Our guide will certainly tell us more about him. Bede tells the story of Cuthbert who was praying all night by the cold waters of the North Sea. Sea otters came and dried his feet with their bodies and warmed them with their breath. This allowed him to continue to pray!

Church History ReflectionOur Reflection today remembers St. Augustine of Canterbury. First, do not confuse him with St. Augustine of Hippo who lived some 200 years earlier and whose teaching did much to shape the early work of Martin Luther. In the 6th Century, Pope Gregory set his sights on the mission field in the British Isles. In 596, he sent Augustine and a party of monks to begin the job. This was a frightening prospect. The dwellers on these islands had a reputation for ruthlessness. And don’t forget, crossing the English Channel is no mean feat, then or now! Still, they

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set out and, remarkably soon thereafter, they were able to convert King Ethelbert of Kent. His wife Bertha was already a Christian due to the efforts of Celtic missionaries from the north (see St. Columba, Day Two). King Ethelbert gave Augustine a house in Canterbury from which to do his mission work. Canterbury Cathedral stands on this site today. Augustine is considered the first Archbishop of Canterbury. BTW, King Ethelbert being converted to Roman Christianity while his wife Bertha had been converted to Celtic Christianity gives you a picture of the situation across Britain in those early days. Does it surprise you that problems would soon ensue?

Devotion for the DayBede the Venerable was one of the very first to translate the Scrip-tures into Early English. In particular, he translated the Gospel of John. He literally finished the project the day he died. I do not know which passage was his favorite, so let’s reflect one of my choosing, my Confir-mation verse in fact.

So Jesus said to the Jews who had believed him, “If you abide in my word, you are truly my disciples, and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.”

We could talk for hours about what it might mean to “abide in God’s word.” It means reading, living by, and trusting the word of God. Remember today, the hope that you have in that Word. You are loved, saved, and cared for every moment. As you abide in God’s work, I’ll bet Bede would say: “be sure to read the Gospel of John!”

In Your Prayers Today, please remember…• Kyle, Eva and Margaret.• All who continue to work on the translation of the Bible around the

world.• The people of Scotland.

Thoughts and Reflections from Day 5…• Today is National Taffy Day. Sounds yummy. But I can already see

my dentist wagging his finger all the way from Orlando!• Have you found a favorite food on our journey so far? Is there

something you tried that you might not eat again?• How many pictures have you taken so far?

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York and Castle HowardDay 6 - Tuesday, May 24, 2016

We spent last night in the city of York. Today, we are going to see its sights. Romans, Vikings, Saxons, and my favorite British actress, Dame Judi Dench (you might know her as James Bond’s latest “M”) have all called this city home. Among other things, we will see the incredible York Minster, and ancient Roman walls. This afternoon we will visitCastle Howard. In these two sites, we will see an amazing sweep of scenery and history.

Church History ReflectionNo booklet filled with glimpses into the history of God’s people inEngland would be complete without telling you a little aboutThomas Becket, or Thomas a’Becket. But first, we need to meet King Henry II. Is he French or is he English? I expect our English friends would say: “French!” They might even say it with a bit of derision! Henry is born in LaMans, France in 1133. He becomes King of England in 1154. During his reign, he met a talented merchant’s son named Thomas. They became friends. Henry made Thomas the Archbishop of Canter-bury in 1161. He figured he now had “his man” in a powerful position. Thomas surprised him. He transformed himself from a pleasure-loving courtier into a serious, simply-dressed cleric. Eventually, it became clear to Henry that Thomas was God’s man, not his. On the 29 December 1170, four knights, believing the king wanted Becket out of the way,confronted and murdered him in Canterbury Cathedral. Becket was made a saint in 1173 and his shrine in the Cathedral became an import-ant focus for pilgrimage. Later, his shrine was a causality of theReformation. Today a single candle burns in the Canterbury Cathedral where the shrine once was.

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Devotion for the DayOne of the famous sights in the York Minster is the 14th century Jesse Window. BTW, that makes this window 700 years old! Now, imagine the scene: the children of God were in exile. The rich fields of home were barren, stumps. This was true of their hopes as well. Then, God made them a promise. Hope was coming from the family of David, from the family tree of his father Jesse. Let’s read about the Tree of Jesse:

Isaiah 11:1-2 There shall come forth a shoot from the stump of Jesse,and a branch from his roots shall bear fruit. And the Spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him, the Spirit of wisdom and understand-ing, the Spirit of counsel and might, the Spirit of knowledge and the fear of the Lord.

No believer is a stranger to times of hopelessness and helplessness. Sometimes we even wonder if God has forgotten us. Then we hear this promise. New life is coming out of death. The descendent of David, Jesus Christ has come. In him, you have new life, this very morning and forever.

In Your Prayers Today, please remember…• Kathy, Gloria and Gordon.• The work of the Gospel in the various towns and villages that we

have visited. • Those who shared the Gospel with you.

Thoughts and Reflections from Day 6…• Today is Brooklyn Bridge Day. The Bridge was opened on this day in

1883.• What was your impression of the York Minster?• How would you like to have lived in Castle Howard in its “day?”• Same question, but now imagine that were downstairs rather than

upstairs.

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A tangent that I hope will tie a few things together…Most of our remaining Church History Reflections will focus on individ-uals or events that helped to shape the Reformation in England. It is my hope is that the “Tangent” that follows will help you put these pieces together…

A bit of humor…and a quicksilver journey through the English Refor-mation…

It will become clear throughout this booklet, if you didn’t know it already, that I had the privilege of spending a year at Westfield House, the seminary of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of England, in Cam-bridge. Can you hear the angels singing? Hold on for Sunday! This all happened back in the Dark Ages, aka, the late 1990’s. It was the very year that I received a Vicarage assignment to, where was that, oh, yes, O-vie-edo, FL. Where is that exactly??

While at Westfield House, we were also guest students at the University of Cambridge’s ancient Divinity School (the angels have surely gone UP a key by now)! My special subject, during that time, was the “English Reformation.” While plowing (ploughing?) through my final paper, one of my fellow American seminary students asked me: “who is EVER going to ask you about ANY of this?”

Fast forward a few short weeks… imagine me in the garage of our dear sainted friend, Pastor Rossow, the delicious aroma of the barbecue on the air. One of his family unwittingly asked me: “What do you know about the six wives of Henry VIII?” After a burst of laugher, I told him: “Brother, retract the question now or brace yourself!!” Oh, BTW, the poor man DIDN’T retract the question!!

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I pray that this bit of stored knowledge may be a blessing to you, and more importantly, help to turn this “tour” into something of a “pilgrim-age” for you.

The Monarchs during the English ReformationThere is a wise bit of advice that has stood the test of time…”To learn about a man, learn about his wife, or in this case, his wives!” Three Kath-erine’s (or was that Catherine), two Anne’s and a Jane. Who are they? Well naturally, they are the six wives of King Henry VIII of England. The luckiest one of course was Katherine Parr, who had the good fortune to outlive him!

This is a great segue to the four key British Monarchs of the “English Reformation.” Pay close attention to which wife was a factor at which time. These monarchs are:

Henry VIII - He is the second Tudor monarch. He becomes King in 1509, shortly before Martin Luther becomes a professor at the Univer-sity of Wittenberg. Henry wants a divorce from Catherine of Aragon, his dead brother’s wife BTW, but what he really wants is a male heir (sorry Ladies) and a secure dynasty. The Pope says: “no!” BTW, Martin Luther said: “no” too! So, Henry finally says: “NO to the Pope, to Rome, and to Catholic Christianity. In 1534, (the same year that Martin Luther’s complete German Bible was published), Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy which declares Henry to be the supreme head of the Church of England. This title is still held by Elizabeth II in our day. Henry dies just short of a year after Martin Luther does.

Edward VI - The third Tudor monarch. He is the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour (Henry’s third wife). He takes the throne when he is nine years old. He is of poor health. He reigns for 6 years, 5 months and 7 days and then dies before he could have gotten a driver’s license in the US. Naturally, a nine year old monarch will have Regents to take care of the land. Edward’s Regents are strongly Protestant and are influenced by the Calvinist Reformation in Switzerland and France. During this time the Protestant Movement sweeps through the English Church.

Mary I - The fifth Tudor monarch. No, I didn’t miscount! To fill in the gap, Google: Lady Jane Grey. Meanwhile… Mary is the daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon (Henry’s first wife). She is 37 when she becomes Queen, at a time when 35 would have been considered

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old! To understand her better, first, ask yourself what it must have felt like to see your 9 year old half brother become King instead of you. THEN, imagine her father’s no-holds-barred effort to secure a divorce from her mother. LET your mind wander… if Henry had gotten the divorce from her mother, WHAT would THAT make Mary? Get the picture?! She returns England to Catholic Christianity at the point of a sword, or was that at the point of the gallows and fiery stake? Either way, we know her as Bloody Mary for good reason. Foxe’s Book ofMartyrs tells much of her story.

Her husband is Phillip II of Spain, her mother’s great nephew and the son of Charles V, who gave Martin Luther so much trouble. He is also the same fellow who brings an Armada against Mary’s half sister Eliz-abeth in 1588. Mary I is so fiercely Catholic that any leading Protestant with a few brain cells flees to the Continent. Here they were influenced by John Calvin and his followers. Remember, John Knox of Scotland had the same experience at this same time. In good Tudor style, Mary also leaves no heirs.

Elizabeth I - The fifth and final Tudor monarch. She will reign for 44 years. This is long enough for her to have seen the premiers of most of Shakespeare’s plays and to give us the name “Elizabethan.” She inherits rather a political and ecclesiastical mess. Her solution or “Settlement” still shapes British, and by extension, much of American Christianity to this day. She never marries, giving her the nickname: “The Virgin Queen,” and giving us the Commonwealth of Virginia. Following her forebears, she also leaves no heirs.

With all the Tudor half siblings gone, the monarchy now goes to James VI of Scotland who rules the Empire as James I and gives his name, if no involvement in the project whatever, to the King James Version of the Holy Bible. Thus endeth the Tudor Dynasty and beginneth the Stuart Dynasty.

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York and ChesterDay 7 - Wednesday, May 25, 2016

If you count travel days, and I certainly do, we are reaching themidpoint of our trip today. How many pictures have you taken so far?! We will be leaving York today and traveling across some truly beautiful scenery. In the afternoon we will visit Chester. I told a dear British friend of mine that our group was going to Britain. She said immediately: “you’ll see Chester won’t you?!” That is a good enough endorsement for me! Chester is famous for its “Rows.” These are street after street of Tudor or “half-timbered” houses. Chester is also one of the few cities in Britain to have much of its medieval walls intact. And of course, we will see another amazing Cathedral.

Church History ReflectionToday, we begin our closer look at some of the people and events that made up the English Reformation. This should not be confused with the John Knox and the Reformation in Scotland. It would be helpful to read “The Tangent” first, if you have not done so yet! One of the most important people of this period was Thomas Cranmer. Cranmer was educated at Cambridge, there go those angels again! He served at the Archbishop of Canterbury during the reigns of both Henry VIII and Ed-ward VI. He was the unfortunate man (under life or death pressure) to be required to declare the marriage of Henry and Catherine void, and then to do the same thing to his marriages with Anne Boleyn, Anne of Cleves, and Katherine Howard.

During these years, Cranmer did travel to Germany and come to an appreciation of the Lutheran doctrine. He grew more and more in his Protestant understanding. But, with Henry on the throne, he had to tread lightly, although he was able to be part of the early work to

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get English Bibles into English churches. When Edward VI came to the throne, Cranmer was able to be part of the first Book of Common Prayer. Can you imagine how Mary I felt about the man who had void-ed her parent’s marriage?! When she came to the throne he was forced to recant his Protestant views. In the end, he was martyred anyway. He placed his right hand in the fire first because it was the hand that he had used to recant his faith. He died on March 21, 1556. He is seen by many (ok, me too) as the theological heart and mind behind the English Reformation.

Devotion for the DayOne of Thomas Cranmer’s most famous quotes is: what the heart loves, the will chooses, and the mind justifies! Ask yourself if this is good news or bad news?! I would answer: “Yes!” So how do we get our heart, will, and mind to seek the things of God? I believe that Matthew says something about that:

Matthew 6:31-34 Therefore do not be anxious, saying, ‘What shall we eat?’ or ‘What shall we drink?’ or ‘What shall we wear?’ For the Gentiles seek after all these things, and your heavenly Father knows that you need them all. But seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things will be added to you. “Therefore do not be anxious about tomorrow, for tomorrow will be anxious for itself. Sufficient for the day is its own trouble.

Seeking first the things of God starts with the fact that God seeks you first. He is seeking you right now. In your prayers, place before him those things that would pull you away and thank him for his constant love. Then relish, if only for a moment, the truth that you do not have to worry. Not my strong suit I am afraid!

In Your Prayers Today, please remember…• Joyce, Jane and Stephen.• All those who are hungry in our world.• All those who do not yet know Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior.• All those who are “standing up” for their faith today.• For the continued safety of our trip.

Thoughts and Reflections from Day 7…• Today is Tap Dance Day. This is in honor of the birthday of Bill “Bo-

jangles” Robinson’s birthday.Can you understand why Chester is so

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beloved by the English themselves?!• What is your favorite picture that you have taken so far?• Are the clean clothes holding out?

Now a little bit about Wales500-100 BC Celts settled in Wales.

78 AD Romans conquered Wales.

784 Saxon King of Mercia, built Offa’s Dyke, created boundarybetween England and Wales.

1040 First Prince of Wales, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, secured borders.

1066 Normans invaded; King Harold of England killed; Marcher Lord-ships established on Wales’ borders.

1276–1277 First Welsh Independence War.

1277 Treaty of Aberconwy signed, ended war; Edward I began building castles.

1282-1283 Second Welsh Independence War.

1301 King Edward I bestowed title “Prince of Wales” upon son, Edward II.

1400-1410 Third War of Independence led by Owain Glyndwr against England.

1402 Laws passed prohibiting Welsh from gathering, holding office, carrying arms and living in forts.

1563 Bible published in the Welsh language.

1750 Industrial Age began; Wales became largest producer of ironand copper in the world.

1800 First of great Welsh canals built.

1811 Wales became non-conformist nation, broke with the Church of

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England.

1831 Merthy Uprising sparked by workers in debt; troops brought in, more than 24 citizens died.

1839 Rebecca Riots occurred, toll gates destroyed in protest against high fees.

1850’s Coal fields in South Wales developed.

1867 Great Reform Act gave vote to male householders; Welsh Liberal Party formed.

1891 U.S. passed McKinley Tariff, caused severe financial blow to Welsh industry.

1900-1903 Strike at Penrhyn Slate Quarry longest labor dispute in his-tory; 3000 workers walked out.

1913 Explosion at Senghenydd’s Lancaster Pit killed 439 miners.

1916 Lloyd George first Welshman to become British Prime Minister.

1925 National Party (Plaid Cymru) founded.

1934 Explosion and fire killed 266 miners at Gresford.

1955 Cardiff became capital of Wales.

1977 National Party (Plaid Cymru) founded.

1978 Welsh Act introduced in favor of government assembly for Wales.

1979 Welsh Act defeated.

1984 Year-long miner’s strike virtually ended coal industry in the coun-try.

1997 1997 Referendum passed, gave Wales assembly in government.

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1999 Tony Blair, British prime minister, opened Welsh national assem-bly, first self-government in over 600 years.

2001 Thousands of sheep tested positive for foot-and-mouth disease were slaughtered.

2005 Charles, Prince of Wales, married Camilla Parker Bowles.

2008 Last deep mine, the Tower Colliery in South Wales, closed; cus-toms officials recovered 22 million counterfeit cigarettes in container from Dubai.

2010 Cheryl Gillan became first woman to hold post of Secretary of State for Wales.

2011 Prince William of Wales married Catherine Middleton.- www.wales.com/about-wales/history-ancestry

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Chester and WalesDay 8 - Thursday, May 26, 2016

We will be leaving England and traveling into Wales today. The distinc-tion is not very clear to us, but it sure is to the people that live on both sides of the border. England and Wales are two DIFFERENT countries. In Wales, we will see more breathtaking beauty.

Church History ReflectionThe history of the church in Wales has been impacted by much of what we have talked about already. Celts came here with their Christian faith. Augustine of Canterbury sent missionaries here, although they were not well received. Eventually the Roman church was well estab-lished. During the Reformation, Wales became part of the Church of England and would remain so until the 20th century. Remember, Wales is NOT England! In the 19th Century there was more and more call for Welsh-speaking Bishops, but none were ever appointed. This led to the rise of a group called the Nonconformists. Their work led finally to the Welsh Church Act of 1914. This act called for the Disestablishment or separation of Wales from the Church of England and creation of the Church of Wales.

Devotion for the DayThe patron Saint of Wales is St. David, or “Dewi” in Welsh. He lived in the 6th Century. He was a monk and missionary who did much to bring Christianity into the lives of the Welsh people. There is as much legend as fact about him. A vegetarian, he ate only bread, herbs and vegetables and drank only water. Because of this, he became known as

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Aquaticus or Dewi Ddyfrwr (the water drinker) in Welsh. Sometimes, as a self-imposed penance, he would stand up to his neck in a lake of cold water, reciting Scripture! It is also said that milestones during his life were marked by the appearance of springs of water.

St. David’s most famous quote is: “Be joyful, and keep your faith and your creed. Do the little things that you have seen me do and heard about. I will walk the path that our fathers have trod before us.” That is pretty good advice for the Christian life. You can hear the Scripture here! Reflect on these words! As you do so, remember the ultimate source of your joy. BTW, you are the source of His joy! Psalm 100:

Make a joyful noise to the Lord, all the earth! Serve the Lord with gladness! Come into his presence with singing! Know that the Lord, he is God! It is he who made us, and we are his; we are his people, and the sheep of his pasture. Enter his gates with thanksgiving, and his courts with praise! Give thanks to him; bless his name! For the Lord is good; his steadfast love endures forever, and his faithfulness to all generations.

In Your Prayers Today, please remember…• Karen, Eva and Harry.• The people of Wales.• Missionaries who continue to preach the word today, often in plac-

es where it is not well received.

Thoughts and Reflections from Day 8…• Today is Dracula’s birthday. On this day in 1897, Bram Stoker’s novel

was first sold.• What memory will you have in your heart when someone mentions

Wales?• How is your shopping coming along? Have you found something

for the “hard to shop for” person on your list?• Are there any words you might use to sum up our journey so far?• Did you hear any Welsh spoken today?

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Chester, Straford-upon-AvonDay 9 - Friday, May 27, 2016

We are on our way to the hometown of the Bard! Back in the day, I am pretty sure that I was the only business major in my University to take a Shakespeare class, of my own free will!! When I was at Cambridge, my birthday present to myself was to see a play at the Globe, so needless to say, I am looking forward to today. We will see the sights and take in the atmosphere. Do you have a favorite Shakespeare quote? Be sure to tell your trip mates what it is!

Church History ReflectionOne of the greatest legacies of the Reformation across Europe was providing the Scriptures in the languages of the people. While our Lutheran Reformation was a German movement, the movement of our ancestors across the “Pond,” have made the English Scriptures the key ones for most of us. See the Church History Reflections for the next few days for the early work of translating the Bible from the original Greek and Hebrew, and for the work of men like Wycliffe, Erasmus and Tyndale. Today, I want to take a look at the translation of the Bible that was likely used by the Bard himself. In 1539, Thomas Cranmer, WITH the permission of Henry, commissioned the Great Bible. It was the culmi-nation of work that came down from William Tyndale, Miles Coverdale, and John Rogers, aka Thomas Matthew. It was remarkable work and a gift of God. What is more, it actually survived many years in which Hen-ry was in favor of, and then against, people reading the Bible.

The Great Bible continued to be THE Bible in England until Mary I came to the throne. Remember the Reformers had to run for their lives.

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During this “Marian Exile” they began another translation with the help of Mile Coverdale. This is at least his third time through the translation process. What they produced is known at the Geneva Bible. It is the first English Bible to add numbers to the verses and it also contains study notes. After the death of Mary, the Exiles bring this Bible back with them from the Continent. This is the Bible that William Shake-speare quotes, some say as many as 1200 times. It is also the Bible that the earliest settlers in North America would have had with them. It is THE Bible for the people until the King James Version comes along in 1611.

Devotion for the DaySo let’s take a look at an example of the Scriptures in Shakespeare’s writing. In the Merchant of Venice, Portia says: “How far that little candle throws his beam! So shines a good deed in a naughty world.” (V.ii.61-2). Maybe you can see this thought in Philippians 2:15 from the Geneva Bible:

That ye may be blameless, and pure, & the sonnes of God without rebuke in the middes of a naughtie and crooked nation, among whome ye shine as lights in the worlde.

In the ESV, in context: Philippians 2:14-15 Do all things without grum-bling or disputing, that you may be blameless and innocent, children of God without blemish in the midst of a crooked and twisted gener-ation, among whom you shine as lights in the world…

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I daresay, we would all agree that this naughty (naughtie) world in which we live can use as much light as it can get. Ironically, we both need this light in our lives and we are the source of it to others. The only way that that could possibly work is if God is at work. You may rest assured, The Light of the World will never stop shining his light of grace into your life and into our world.

In Your Prayers Today, please remember…• Jackie and Mindy• The teachers who inspired you to do things; like read Shakespeare.• While you are at it, offer a prayer for all teachers today.• To thank God for the Bible on your nightstand in your own lan-

guage.

Thoughts and Reflections from Day 9…• Today is National Grape Popsicle Day. My favorite back in the day.

Also the one that stains the worst!• What was your favorite view today?• How many pictures did you take today? How many on the trip so

far?

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Stratford, Stonehenge, Windsor, and LondonDay 10 - Saturday, May 28, 2016

Today we are going to be going somewhat back and forth in time. We will leave Elizabethan England behind as we travel toward the ancient Britain of the Salisbury Plain and Stonehenge. Then, from the days of Old Sarum we will come forward 600 years to the days of King Henry I, the first monarch to rule from Windsor Castle in 1121. Windsor has been used off and on through the rest of English history right up the pres-ent day. It is the official residence of HRM Queen Elizabeth II today. By nightfall, we will find ourselves in London.

Church History ReflectionNo history of the church or Bible in England would be complete with-out recognizing the work of John Wycliffe. From his beginnings on a sheep farm, Wycliffe was able to study theology at that University that begins with an “O”. He showed early reforming ideas when he began to object to all the money that was flowing into Rome. He believed that Christ called his disciples to poverty, not wealth. If anyone should keep such taxes, it should be local English authorities. Believe it or not, such views got him into trouble. ‘And as happened to Martin Luther 200 years later, this forced Wycliffe into deeper study of the Scripture. This convinced him that every Christian should have access to Scripture. So he began translating the Bible into English. Wycliffe died before the translation was complete (and before authorities could convict him of heresy). In 1415, the Council of Constance declared John Wycliffe and Jan Hus to be heretics. They burned Hus at the stake (St. Luke’s has a stained glass window of this event. Since Wycliffe had been dead for 30 years, the Bishop of Lincoln was ordered to dig up his bones and burn them.’

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Devotion for the DayThe Protestant Reformation came long after the life of men like Jan Hus and John Wycliffe, but they were certainly beginning to understand the true source of our salvation. Wycliffe taught a Biblical understanding of faith: “Trust wholly in Christ; rely altogether on his sufferings; beware of seeking to be justified in any other way than by his righteousness.”

The Lutherans would later say in the Augsburg Confession, IV - Justifi-cationFurthermore, it is taught that we cannot obtain forgiveness of sin and righ-teousness before God through our merit, work, or satisfactions, but that we receive forgiveness of sin and become righteous before God out of grace for Christ‘s sake through faith46 when we believe that Christ has suffered for us and that for his sake our sin is forgiven and righteousness and eternal life are given to us. For God will regard and reckon this faith as righteous-ness in his sight, as St. Paul says in Romans 3 and 4.

God had been saying this all along. And he says it you and me today. Reflect on these words:

Ephesians 2:8-10 For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may boast. For we are his workmanship, creat-ed in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand, that we should walk in them.

In Your Prayers Today, please remember…• Jeanne and Ruth.• To thank God for all of his work in history and in your life as well!• The British Royal family.• Our continued safe travel.

Thoughts and Reflections from Day 10…• Today is Women in Trousers Day. On this day in 1923, the US At-

torney General determined that is was legal for women to wear trousers anywhere.

• Was Stonehenge the way you thought it would be? • What was your impression of the Salisbury Plain?• Did you eat anything today that you would like to try again?

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CambridgeDay 11 - Sunday, May 29, 2016

We will begin the day in London. But soon we will board the bus and journey up the M-11 to Cambridge. There we will have a tour of the Seminary of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in England known simply as Westfield House. Then we will worship at Resurrection Lutheran Church. Following a bite of lunch, we will tour King’s College and wrap it all up with a bit of punting on the Cam. I might just be looking for-ward to this day!

Cambridge has been a town or city of some kind since the Romans built a fort on Castle Hill in the 1st Century. Only the Hill remains.Danes and Saxons also had something to say about its building or burning. Cambridge was originally called Granta bryg (Granta Bridge) because the river it stands on was once called the Granta not the Cam. In time the ‘Gr’ changed to a c and the ‘nt’ changed to ‘m’. People must have thought that if the town was called Cambridge then the river it stood on must be called the Cam. They began to call the river that.

The University found its beginnings in the troubles that were brewing in ok, I’ll say it: Oxford. In 1209, scholars and masters escaping troubles between the university and townsfolk in Oxford began arriving inCambridge. By 1226 the scholars had organized themselves, offered regular courses of study, and named a Chancellor to lead them. The first great boost to the formation of a university came from Henry III, who gave the scholars his support as early as 1231. Henry decreed that only students studying under a recognized Master were allowed toremain in Cambridge. A standard course of study consisted of gram-mar, logic, rhetoric, mathematics, music, geometry, and astronomy. Ex-aminations were conducted as oral disputations or debates. Most, but not all, of the University Masters were also in holy orders of some sort.

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There is wonderful history here, but it is also a beautiful and charming city. Enjoy!

Church History ReflectionAt the time of the Reformation, certain reputations were established. It was said: “Cambridge trains the Reformers, and Oxford burns them!” Any conversation about the Reformation in Cambridge begins at the White Horse Inn (sorry, it is not around anymore)! In 1520, just a few years after Martin Luther nailed his protest to the church door in Wittenberg, a small band of English scholars began to meet regularly to discuss the reform coming from Germany. Most legends say they were reading their Luther in the back room. My professor at Cambridge said that it was probably too early and that they were likely reading Erasmus’ recently completed Greek New Testament. You will recognize some of the names of those who gathered: Robert Barnes, William Tyndale, Miles Coverdale, Nicholas Ridley, Hugh Latimer, Thomas Cran-mer, Thomas Bilney and others. Robert Barnes actually met Martin and Katie Luther and appears in Luther’s writings as “our friend Robert.” Apparently Katie tried to teach him some German! Many call him the first English Lutheran. See Day 14.

Devotion for the DayThe man responsible for bringing most of the men to the White Horse Inn discussions was Thomas Bilney, who was himself awakened to the gospel message after working through Erasmus’ Greek New Testament. Specifically, Bilney was greatly moved by reading Paul’s words to Timo-thy:

“This is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners; of whom I am chief” - 1Timothy 1:15. Bilney is said to have concluded: “it is Jesus Christ who saves, and not the church. ‘I see it all,’ said Bilney; ‘my vigils, my fasts, my pilgrimages, my purchase of masses and indulgences were destroy-ing instead of saving me. All these efforts were, as St. Augustine says, a hasty running out of the right way.’”

Ponder those words from 1 Timothy. I don’t know about you, but it takes me some time to truly admit that I am the chief of sinners. It is not something that I ever care to admit! But I find my comfort, as I am sure that you do too, in the fact that that is exactly the reason that Jesus came! He came for you!

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In Your Prayers Today, please remember…• Wanda and David.• Our brothers and sisters in Christ in the Evangelical Lutheran

Church of England. In particular our “family” at Resurrection Luther-an Church in Cambridge.

• The students and faculty of Westfield House.• The students from all around the world who come to Cambridge

now. May the Gospel touch their lives and may they take it home with them.

Thoughts and Reflections from Day 11…• Today is John F. Kennedy’s birthday. The big day was in 1917.• What impression did you have of Cambridge? Did it live up to all of

the build-up that a certain Pastor gave it?!• Did you enjoy the punting?• What memory will you hold at being able to worship with “real”

people in England?

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LondonDay 12 - Monday, May 30, 2016

Sight-seeing in London! How does that sound as a plan for the day?! The Romans founded London about 50 AD. First they built a bridge over the Thames, then established a port. If you have a port, you should probably built some houses and businesses around it. And, Lon-dinium was born. A thousand years later (say THAT about any US city), a writer described London this way:

“‘London is happy in its clean air, in the Christian religion, in the strength of its fortifications, in its natural situation, in the honor of its citizens. The Cathedral is St. Paul’s but there is also in London and its suburbs 13 large monasteries, beside 126 parish churches. On the east side lies the tower, very large and strong with 4 gates and turrets at intervals and runs around the northern side of the city. To the north lie fields and meadows with small rivers flowing through them, by these water mills are driven with a pleas-ant murmur. To this city come merchants from every nation under heaven rejoicing to bring merchandise in their ships.’”

Well, here we are 1000 years after that. We’ll see how you describe it in your travel notes. I’m not so sure that you will get the “clean air, rejoic-ing merchants” feeling, but I know that you will LOVE this place! Take it in! Look, listen, try the tea, park in the pub, ride a big red bus, walk along the River. Let yourself be part of those 2000 years of history for a time!

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Church History ReflectionQueen Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558 at the death of Mary I. She inherited a religious mess. The Catholics wanted to stay Catholic. The Protestants in England wanted to be Protestant again. And ironical-ly, both sides were a little afraid of the firebrands who had escaped to Switzerland and France during Mary’s reign, who were now chomping at the bit to come home. And don’t forget, there were other nations in Europe, some Catholic and some Protestant, watching the outcome. Would they support Elizabeth or be her foes? Does it sound like reli-gion or politics to you?! The answer is: “you bet!”

So, where did things end up? Well, pretty much in the middle. Some have said that what was left was basically Catholic without the Pope. Remember, some, like our Pilgrim Separatists, were very unhappy with the outcome. The Church would use the 1549 Prayer Book. The real presence in the Lord’s Supper would be recognized but they would use the words from the 1552 Prayer Book for that. These words allowed some flexibility about what “real” meant. Elizabeth, and those after her, would continue as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. The Elizabethan Settlement was finally completed with the establishment of the Thirty Nine Articles in 1563. These are still part of the doctrine of the Church of England today. What was accomplished after some 40 years of Reformation in England is still debated. Some even say that there really never was a Reformation in England, just a dismissal of Rome and the Pope.

Devotion for the DayAre you ever amazed that God can work through a mess like that inherited by Elizabeth I? Think about it. It is because of the English Reformation that you can read the Bible in English. I sometimes won-der what Tyndale and Coverdale would make of us reading the Bible on our phones! We have arrived at the point in our trip when you might be having to think about some of the worries that you left behind for a few days. Maybe you are even dealing with a few messes of your own. Remember, God is at work. Isaiah reminds us:

“Seek the Lord while he may be found; call upon him while he is near; let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his thoughts; let him return to the Lord, that he may have compassion on him, and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon. For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways,

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declares the Lord. For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways and my thoughts than your thoughts.

May God shower you with his compassion and hope that comes as we let God be God. May he work mightily in your life and in your concerns. God is always on the job and you are never alone. Even when you make a mess, again!!

In Your Prayers Today, please remember…• Chris and our Bus Driver _________________________• All those who are working right now to preserve and pass along

the Christian faith to the next generation.• All those back home who have a day off from work today!• The British government busily working behind those windows over

there. The UK is important to the US!• Our own government and leaders. • Our own armed forces, especially remember the families of those

who made the ultimate sacrifice for our freedoms.

Thoughts and Reflections from Day 12…• It is Memorial Day!• What did you think of London so far? Good news, we get to see

more tomorrow!• Did you have a good chat with someone today?• How are you doing in your shopping? Or should I say, is your suit-

case suddenly looking too small?

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LondonDay 13 - Tuesday, May 31, 2016

Today is your day in London! See page 56 for a few suggestions. As you are out and about today, take time to look up, look around. If you can see blue sky, it is because of a bit of legislation. Americans may think smog was invented in Los Angeles. Not so. In fact, a Londoner coined the term “smog” in 1905 to describe the city’s insidious combination of natural fog and coal smoke. By then, the phenomenon was part of London history, and dirty, acrid smoke-filled “pea-soupers” were as familiar to Londoners as Big Ben and Westminster Abbey. Think about Mary Poppins, Burt and the children dancing with the “sweeps” on the roof. In 1952, a four-day fog killed roughly 4,000 Londoners. Parliament was forced to act. They enacted the Clean Air Act in 1956 which began a drastic program to reduce the burning of coal. Look around today, you will likely see many, no-longer-used, fireplaces!

Church History ReflectionThomas Cromwell is the focus of our reflection today. He is quite apicture of the people that God used in the Reformation. Some loved him and others hated him, but God used him to make a difference to this very day. First, don’t confuse him with Oliver Cromwell whobecame Lord Protector of the Commonwealth in 1653. THOMAS

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Cromwell was secretary to Henry VIII and later was made the Vicar General of Ecclesiastical Affairs. A brilliant lawyer, he also seems to have been a faithful theologian. He was in the unique place to curb some of Henry’s excesses in the early process of reforming. Cromwell is disliked by many, in part, because he was the man that Henry put in charge of the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1540.

One feature that is so unique to the English Reformation is that it was largely accomplished by acts of Parliament. Cromwell was the “brains” behind the idea of the Reformation Parliament. If Parliament made laws to separate England from Rome and all the rest, then it technically wasn’t Henry doing these things, it was the people of England through their members of Parliament. What do you think about that?!

Thomas Cromwell is known to have had truly Lutheran leanings rather than being motivated simply by the politics of the Reformation. He was a big proponent of having the Scriptures translated into English and of getting these books into the churches. In 1538, he sets a date by which there must be one copy of the English Scriptures in every parish in the land. Of course, no one could read them, but that is a conversation for another time!!

One thing was certain in those days. It was possible to be in favor with Henry one minute and executed the next. This is what happened to Thomas Cromwell. The Duke of Norfolk didn’t like Cromwell. Thereasons are complicated, but the method was clever. Norfolk knew there was one way to get Henry’s ear, put a pretty girl before his eyes. He introduced Henry to 19 year old Katherine Howard. Henry liked her and gave his favor to Norfolk. He seems to have poisoned Henry against Cromwell. He was accused of treason, and sentenced withouta trial. Thomas Cromwell was beheaded on July 28, 1540. Henrymarried Katherine Howard on August 9, 1540. Then shortly thereafter, he accused her of adultery and had her beheaded on February 13, 1542. Devotion for the DayDuring our devotion time today, let’s meet one more man who was involved in getting the English Bible into the hands of the people. His name was William Tyndale. He studied at Cambridge and is generally believed to have been part of the White Horse Inn crowd. He was a bright guy! He could speak Hebrew, Latin, Italian, Spanish, French, and

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of course, English! As a teacher, and earnest for the faith, he conclud-ed: “I perceived how that it was impossible to establish the lay people in any truth except the Scripture were plainly laid before their eyes in their mother tongue so they might see the process, order and meaning of the text.” This helped to move him into the task of translating the New Testament into English. He certainly had the skills. The problem was that this task was VERY illegal in Britain.

So, in 1524, he traveled to the Continent and met Martin Luther. Luther was a great resource to him in translation work, although, he couldn’t speak English! Tyndale’s NT was PRINTED (!!) in Germany in 1525-26. The first copies were smuggled into England in 1526. Tyndale was an outlaw now. Eventually, the King’s men caught him in Belgium. He was condemned in 1536. He was respected enough that they gave him the privilege of being strangled to death before they burned him. Here is the irony, after all of this, it was only about a year and a half later that not only were English Bibles legal, but Thomas Cromwell now required every parish to have one!

Tyndale’s life’s goal was clear: ““I defy the Pope and all his laws. If God spare my life, ere many years I will cause a boy who drives the plough to know more of the scriptures than you do.”

The Bible says:

Deuteronomy 6:6-7 These commandments that I give you today are to be on your hearts. Impress them on your children. Talk about them when you sit at home and when you walk along the road, when you lie down and when you get up.

Joshua 1:8 This book of the law shall not depart out of your mouth; but you shall meditate therein day and night, that you may observe to do according to all that is written therein: for then you shall make your way prosperous, and then you shall have good success.

Romans 10:17 So faith comes from hearing, and hearing through the word of Christ.

Hebrews 4:12 For the word of God [is] quick, and powerful, and sharper than any two edged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and a dis-

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cerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart.

2 Timothy 3:16-17 All Scripture is breathed out by God and profit-able for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work.

As you think about the work of Bible translators like Tyndale, take a few minutes to read and ponder these verses. What do they tell you about the power of the Word? Think also about what difference knowing this word has made in your life. Especially, think about the Author and the difference that knowing him makes in your life. Finally, it is good for us all to ask ourselves how we are doing at knowing the Bible as well as that boy with his “plough.”

In Your Prayers Today, please remember…• Pastor Schuschke• All those who are suffering unjustly at this very moment.• All who still need the comfort and peace of a saving relationship

with Jesus Christ.

Thoughts and Reflections from Day 13…• This is “Make My Day” Day. Clint Eastwood first spoke these words

in 1983. They began with a “Go ahead… BTW, can you name the movie?

• What did you do on your day in London?• What did you break down and buy anyway?• Did you try something new to eat?

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London Gatwick - OrlandoDay 14 - Wednesday, June 1

The Emirates First Class Suite…

…or us!

We will eat a bite of breakfast, maybe one more “Full English,” and then we are off to Gatwick for the flight home. We are going home on British Airways 2037 DIRECT to Orlando! For those who have not traveled with us before, you may have no idea what a big deal that is! Coming home from Greece, we flew from Athens to Frankfurt, Frankfurt to Dulles, and then finally, from Dulles to Orlando. Of course, we were all MUCH younger back then! Remember the flight home is a great time for a “jolly good chin wag!” It is also a great time for writing a few more thoughts in this journal while they are fresh in your mind. You can also fill some of your time with the world traveler’s Trivia Quiz on page 59. We will be in Mickey Mouse City at 3:35p.

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Church History ReflectionFor our last Reflection we are going to learn about Robert Barnes.He is the kind of person that you may never have heard of unless your Pastor puts his name in a Travel Journal! Barnes was another student of Cambridge, what do you know, there go those angels again! He is actually credited with getting the White Horse Inn group started (See Reflection, Day 11). Shortly after that, he was involved in selling the new Tyndale New Testament when it reached Britain. He worked for Henry VIII, but eventually got into hot water with him (are you seeing a trend here)? Barnes escaped to Germany where he went to Wittenberg and actually studied the Lutheran doctrine from a fellow named Martin Luther. In fact, there is reference in Luther’s writings about his “Dear friend Robert.” The reference goes on to tell us that Katie Luther had tried to teach young Robert some German.

Things settled down back home, and Robert Barnes returned home, with his Lutheran understanding of the Gospel in his heart. One scholar put it well: “Only Barnes among English subjects of that generation, qualifies in a strict theological sense for the designation “Lutheran.” Barnes was sent back to Luther, well actually to Luther’s Prince, Prince Frederick as a Royal emissary. It was at this time, that Luther and the University of Wittenberg added their “no” to all the others who were saying that Henry couldn’t divorce Catherine of Aragon. Poor Robert had to carry THAT news back to Henry, who wasn’t above shooting the messenger.

Barnes continued to be a part of the English Reformation movement. In fact, he is given credit for bringing some Lutheran theology into the shaping of the English church. Sadly, he fell out with Henry again over essentially being too Lutheran. He was tried and died at the stake in Smithfield in 1540. This was the same year that Henry had Thomas Cromwell executed.

When Martin Luther heard of Barnes’ death, he wrote: “…this holy martyr, St. Robert…this Doctor, I say, we knew him very well… it is an especial joy to us to hear… (he) has been called upon by God to shed his blood, for his dear Son’s sake, and to become a holy martyr.”

I have one small volume about this amazing man on my shelf. The above quotes came from it. It is written by Neelak S. Tjernagel, and is simply entitled “Lutheran Martyr.” There! Now somebody, besides me,

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knows who Robert Barnes is! “Veni, vidi, vici!

Devotion for the DayWe have had a great trip. Now might be a good time to spend a few quiet moments with your Lord on the way home today. This favorite Psalm should give you plenty to talk with Him about.

You have searched me, LORD, and you know me. You know when I sit and when I rise; you perceive my thoughts from afar. You discern my going out and my lying down; you are familiar with all my ways. Before a word is on my tongue you, LORD, know it completely. You hem me in behind and before, and you lay your hand upon me. Such knowledge is too wonderful for me, too lofty for me to attain. Where can I go from your Spirit? Where can I flee from your presence? If I go up to the heavens, you are there; if I make my bed in the depths, you are there. If I rise on the wings of the dawn, if I settle on the far side of the sea, even there your hand will guide me, your right hand will hold me fast. If I say, “Surely the darkness will hide me and the light become night around me,” even the darkness will not be dark to you; the night will shine like the day, for darkness is as light to you. For you created my inmost being; you knit me together in my mother’s womb. I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made; your works are wonderful, I know that full well. My frame was not hidden from you when I was made in the secret place, when I was woven together in the depths of the earth. Your eyes saw my unformed body; all the days ordained for me were written in your book before one of them came to be. How precious to me are your thoughts, God! How vast is the sum of them! Were I to count them, they would outnumber the grains of sand—when I awake, I am still with you. If only you, God, would slay the wicked! Away from me, you who are bloodthirsty! They speak of you with evil intent; your adversaries misuse your name.Do I not hate those who hate you, LORD, and abhor those who are in rebellion against you? I have nothing but hatred for them; I count them my enemies. Search me, God, and know my heart; test me and know my anxious thoughts. See if there is any offensive way in me, and lead me in the way everlasting. In Your Prayers Today, please remember…• The people of England, Scotland and Wales, why not include those

in Ireland as well! Pray especially for their faith in Jesus Christ.• Our safe travel.• Our whole group, and while we are at it, let’s continue praying for

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each other long after we are home.• For all the people back home. You will be seeing them soon!

Thoughts and Reflections from Day 14…• Today is New Year’s Resolution Recommitment Day! Am I the only

one who laughed?! • I have long since given up asking myself what “my favorite place or

memory” was on a trip. That is too simple, so spend some time on the following and add a few more questions of your own…

When you think of the sights that you saw, which ones come to mind first? Why is that? How might you describe them to the folks back home?

What view do you remember the most?

What foods or drinks do you remember?

What smells do you remember? This one is important. Never underesti-mate the power of smell to spark memory.

What emotions did you experience along the way? Where/why?

Did you make some new friends?

When did you laugh? I hope it was more than once!

What surprised you on the trip?

How has this trip impacted your faith?

What are you looking forward to when you get home?

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How do you think that you will answer the question: “How was your trip to Britain?”

Your own thoughts here…

Your own thoughts here…

Your own thoughts here…

And more generally: how many pictures did you take?

Who took the most pictures out of the entire group?

What did you buy? Anything for yourself?

The Bit about the Bible in EnglishJohn Wycliffe 14th Century Did a series of translations into Middle English. Translated from the Latin. Before the printing press.

William Tyndale 1526 Bible translation is against the law. Goes to Germany to do his printing. Translates the New Testament from Greek (Erasmus’ novum instrumentum). Uses Luther’s translation as a refer-ence tool. 9/10 of his translation work is still found in today’s KJV.

Miles Coverdale 1535 First translation of the Old AND the New Testa-ments. Thomas Cromwell authorizes its sale. Martin Luther’s complete Bible (Biblia das ist die gantze Heilige Schrifft) is published in 1534.

Matthew Bible 1537 Second complete Bible in the English vernacular. Translated under the name Thomas Matthew. Translator’s name is actu-ally John Rogers. Cromwell also authorizes its sale.

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Great Bible 1539 Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury (See Day Seven), hired Miles Coverdale at the bequest of King Henry VIII to publish this full reworking of the Bible.

Geneva Bible 1560 Published by exiles during the reign of Mary I. First to use verse numbers. Has study notes. The primary Bible during Eliza-beth I’s reign. Shakespeare used this version as did the earliest settlers in North America.

Authorized Version 1611 Also called the King James Version. Translat-ed and published during the reign of James I. He was not involved in the project himself.

Free Time in London… what is there to do?!The answer is, more than you can possibly imagine! Here are a few thoughts. I am sure that Chris will offer other ideas and suggestions. My rule of thumb is to plan one thing per half day. This lets you use your time well but also doesn’t leave you rushing! So, here are a few ideas…

But first, it might be wise to remember where you are staying!

Copthorne Tara HotelScarsdale PlaceKensingtonW8 5SRLondon UKPhone 011-44-207-937-7211Tube Stop: High Street Kensington. This is on the Circle (Yellow) and District (Green) lines.

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NOW, what to see, what to see…

THE CITY - Central London - HINT: for many, who just want a good taste of the center of Old London and some time to hang out in the Queen’s neighborhood, this is all very walkable and beautiful. It con-tains much of what you think about when you think “London!”

Rick Steves’ “Westminster Walk” - Tube: Westminster. If this interests you, I might know where you could find a map! You can see:Buckingham PlaceWestminster AbbeyParliament and Big BenWhitehallChurchill’s Cabinet Room – See Below.Trafalgar Square#10 Downing StreetHorse GuardsOld Scotland YardWestminster Bridge - cross the Thames to see the Jubilee Walk.

The Jubilee Walk is on the South Bank of the Thames, it passes the Eye of London and a quiet stroll down this way will allow a nice view of the “The City” and lead to the Jubilee Walk/Thames Path National Trail... this is what I am listing next...

Jubilee Walk - South side of the Thames. Tube: Westminster. This walk was prepared as part of the Jubilee Celebration for Queen Elizabeth II. It runs from the Westminster Bridge to the Tower Bridge. It is a 2.6 mile walk to do the whole thing or you can do a part. It is smooth, level, de-signed for strollers, wheelchairs and lollygagging tourists! I am thinking about this one myself and might be convinced to have some friends along! You will see...The view of London from the South side of the River! Brilliant!The Eye of LondonParliamentCloser to the Tower Bridge you will come to Southwark Cathedral (Shakespeare was baptized here).The Tate Modern Gallery - more on this in a moment.Shakespeare’s Globe - more about this in a moment as well. By the Tate Modern and Globe you can walk across the Millennium Bridge to St. Paul’s Cathedral

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Or continue on to the Tower Bridge where you will see the HMS Belfast and can walk across the Tower Bridge.

British Museum - Tube: Russell Square. Remembers the Empire. …Actual friezes from the Parthenon in Athens. …the greatest collection of Egyptian artifacts outside of Egypt. …The Rosetta Stone which was used to interpret Hieroglyphics …The famous Assyrian Lion Guards. You name it in ancient history, it is probably there, and the REAL stuff as well as copies.

The National Gallery - Tube: Embankment. The “Louvre” of London essentially. Vermeer, Cezanne, Monet...Rembrandt, Van Gogh, Rubens, Holbein…You get the idea. The British have controlled much of the planet over the years and during the Colonial period and Industrial Age, they had the money too. It is reflected in their art museums.

The British Library - Tube: Russell Square. Codex Sinaiticus (second most complete ancient Greek New Testament in the world), Draft copy of Handel’s Messiah, Draft copy of Winnie the Pooh, Drafts of early Beatles tunes, Oh, and a Gutenberg Bible!

The Imperial War Museum - Tube: Lambeth North. This is a display of all aspects of both World Wars. One whole floor is a Holocaust remem-brance. I spent a whole day here once and barely saw it all.

Cabinet War Room - Tube: Westminster. These are the underground rooms from which Churchill ran the war. When the war was over they basically turned off the lights and locked the door. You will go back in time here.

Harrods - Tube: Knightsbridge. Just great, ok, expensive, shopping. The Food Hall is everyone’s favorite. You pretty much have to bring back a signature green Harrods bag from a trip to London. Get one of the famous bears while you are at it.

Shakespeare’s Globe - Tube: London Bridge. If you didn’t get enough of the Bard in Stratford, have a tour here. I love this place. You may see people in Elizabethan dress just wandering down the street. Nice walk from there across the Millennium Bridge to St. Paul’s Cathedral.

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St. Paul’s Cathedral - Tube: St. Paul’s. Built by Sir Christopher Wren to replace the old Cathedral destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666. It will take your breath away!

Victoria and Albert Museum - Tube: South Kensington. Highlights include the Medieval and Renaissance galleries containing some of the greatest surviving treasures from the period, the breathtaking Jewel-ry gallery and the stunning British Galleries, illustrating the history of Britain through the nation’s art and design.

The Tower of London - Tube: Tower Hill. This is one of those things that everyone wants to see in London. They will ALL be in line in front of you. Here two of Henry’s wives, Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard met their ends. And of course, this is the place to see a few gemstones!

Tate Modern Gallery - Tube: Southwark. Britain’s national museum of modern and contemporary art from around the world. It is housed in the former Bankside Power Station on the banks of the Thames. You will see Cézanne, Bonnard, Matisse, Picasso, Rothko, Dalí, Pollock, War-hol and Bourgeois.

A Little World Geography Quiz for the flight home!You are all world travelers now. Let’s see if you know your stuff! No cheating!

1. Mt. Fuji is an active volcano in which country?a. Chinab. Indiac. Japand. Indonesiae. North Korea

2. What is the capital of Australia?a. Sydneyb. Canberrac. Adelaided. Melbournee. Auckland

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3. China’s largest city is ____, with over 12 million people.a. Beijingb. Shanghaic. Taod. Tianjine. Hong Kong-Shenzhen

4. Which African nation has the most people (over 120 million)?a. Nigeriab. Kenyac. South Africad. Egypte. Ghana

5. Kenya’s most important cash crop is…a. cottonb. coffeec. wheat d. pineapplese. sisal

6. Kenya has few resources but it has fertileland and beautiful places to visit.a. Trueb. False

7. Nigeria earns most of its money by exportinga. goldb. oilc. tind. lumbere. rubber

8. Nigeria is a hot tropical nation in _____ Africa.a. eastb. westc. southd. northe. none of the above

9. Most Africans work as…a. subsistence farmersb. factory workersc. store ownersd. artistse. musicians

10. Most of sub-Saharan Africa is a giant….a. desertb. plateauc. plaind. valleye. river basin

11. More than ½ of the world’s known supply of oil is in the eight na-tions that surround the….a. Persian Gulfb. Gulf of Mexicoc. Indian Oceand. Red Seae. Arabian Peninsula

12. The Middle East region has around ___ million people.a. 30b. 130c. 300d. 750e. 75

13. What country is known as the rice bowl of Southeast Asia?a. South Vietnamb. Thailandc. Laosd. Indonesiae. North Vietnam

14. Indonesia’s population is over 190 million; more than ½ live on the island of….a. Javab. Borneoc. New Guinea

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d. Sumatrae. Sulawesi

15. Indonesia is made up of over 13,600 islands. This makes it an archi-pelago nation.a. Trueb. False

16. Bangkok is the largest city ina. Thailandb. Laosc. Cambodiad. Vietname. Malaysia

17. Maine is in what hemisphere?a. North/Eastb. North/Westc. South/Eastd. South/Weste. None of these

18. How many time zones are there in the world?a. 8b. 30c. 24d. 60e. 16

19. How long does it take the earth to spin15 degrees on its axis?a. an hourb. 24 hoursc. 12 hoursd. a monthe. a year

20. When it is summer in the United States,what season is it in Australia?a. summerb. winter

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c. falld. springe. none of these

21. When it is spring in Europe what season is it in the United States?a. summerb. winterc. falld. springe. none of these

22. What is the imaginary line of latitude that lies halfway between the North and South poles?a. Prime Meridianb. Equatorc. Estuaryd. Equinoxe. East Pole

23. What is the imaginary line of latitude that runs through Greenwich, England from the North Pole to the South Pole?a. Prime Meridianb. Equatorc. Estuaryd. Equinoxe. East Pole

24. What is the capital of Brazil?a. San Paulob. Brasiliac. Nassaud. Santiagoe. Quito

25. What is the capital of Hungary?a. Budapestb. Dublinc. Rigad. Sarajevoe. Prague

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26. What is the capital of United Kingdom?a. Parisb. Madridc. Londond. Dubline. Glasgow

27. What is the capital of Italy?a. Romeb. Florencec. Veniced. Osloe. Pisa

28. What is the capital of Germany?a. Zagrebb. Bonnc. Berlind. Muniche. Meissen

29. What is the capital of Russia?a. Moscowb. Leningradc. Volstockd. Minske. Putin

30. What is the capital of Sweden?a. Stockholmb. Bernc. Oslod. Helsinkie. Moscow

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Answers:1. c. Japan2. b. Canberra3. b. Shanghai4. a. Nigeria5. b. coffee6. a. True7. b. oil8. b. west9. a. subsistence farmers10. b. plateau11. a. Persian Gulf12. c. 30013. b. Thailand14. a. Java15. a. True16. a. Thailand17. a. North/East18. c. 2419. a. an hour20. b. winter21. d. spring22. b. Equator23. a. Prime Meridian24. b. Brasilia25. a. Budapest26. c. London27. a. Rome28. c. Berlin29. a. Moscow30. a. Stockholm

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Hymns:A Mighty Fortress Is Our GodA mighty fortress is our God,A sword and shield victorious;He breaks the cruel oppressor’s rodAnd wins salvation glorious.The old satanic foeHas sworn to work us woe.With craft and dreadful mightHe arms himself to fight.On earth he has no equal.

No strength of ours can match his might.We would be lost, rejected.But now a champion comes to fight,Whom God Himself elected.You ask who this may be?The Lord of hosts is He,Christ Jesus, mighty Lord,God’s only Son, adored.He holds the field victorious.

Though hordes of devils fill the landAll threat’ning to devour us,We tremble not, unmoved we stand;They cannot overpow’r us.Let this world’s tyrant rage;In battle we’ll engage.His might is doomed to fail;God’s judgment must prevail!One little word subdues him.

God’s Word forever shall abide,No thanks to foes, who fear it;For God Himself fights by our sideWith weapons of the Spirit.Were they to take our house,Goods, honor, child, or spouse,Though life be wrenched away,They cannot win the day.The Kingdom’s ours forever!

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All Praise to Thee, My God, This NightAll praise to Thee, my God, this nightFor all the blessings of the light.Keep me, O keep me, King of kings,Beneath Thine own almighty wings.

Forgive me, Lord, for Thy dear Son,The ill that I this day have done,That with the world, myself, and Thee,I, ere I sleep, at peace may be.

Teach me to live that I may dreadThe grave as little as my bed.Teach me to die that so I mayRise glorious at the awe-full day.

Oh, may my soul in Thee repose,And may sweet sleep mine eyelids close,Sleep that shall me more vig’rous makeTo serve my God when I awake!

When in the night I sleepless lie,My soul with heav’nly thoughts supply;Let no ill dreams disturb my rest,No pow’rs of darkness me molest.

Praise God, from whom all blessings flow;Praise Him, all creatures here below;Praise Him above, ye heav’nly host:Praise Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.

Public domain

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Amazing GraceAmazing grace—how sweet the sound—That saved a wretch like me!I once was lost but now am found,Was blind but now I see!

The Lord has promised good to me,His Word my hope secures;He will my shield and portion beAs long as life endures.

Yes, when this flesh and heart shall failAnd mortal life shall cease,Amazing grace shall then prevailIn heaven’s joy and peace.

When we’ve been there ten thousand years,Bright shining as the sun,We’ve no less days to sing God’s praiseThan when we’d first begun.

© 1991 Editorial Concordia. Used by permission: LSB Hymn License .NET, no. 100010620.

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Notes:

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The Underground in London The Tube to locals…this is inner London only.

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