Welcome to Welcome to Science 71Science 71

January 8, 2010 (#80)January 8, 2010 (#80)

Need: Books/NotebooksNeed: Books/Notebooks

ObjectiveObjective Continue to Build a better Continue to Build a better

understanding of Electric and understanding of Electric and Magnetic Field behaviorsMagnetic Field behaviors

Describe the relationships among Describe the relationships among the three components of electricity.the three components of electricity.

Agenda Agenda – Based upon Priority– Based upon Priority Tesla Electricity Part 5 VideoTesla Electricity Part 5 Video Bell Work - Bell Work - #6,7 Battery Video (Car, Lith)#6,7 Battery Video (Car, Lith) Go Over Ohm’s LawGo Over Ohm’s Law Go Over Exit CardGo Over Exit Card If time allows – #8 Light Bulb VideoIf time allows – #8 Light Bulb Video Work on Concept Layer Due FridayWork on Concept Layer Due Friday B2 Circuitry (Series and Parallel)B2 Circuitry (Series and Parallel) Vocabulary Puzzle (Show me UR Done)Vocabulary Puzzle (Show me UR Done)

Tesla Electricity VideoTesla Electricity Video

The Fourth Video on Tesla (5/5)The Fourth Video on Tesla (5/5) Modern Marvels Modern Marvels Electricity MadmanElectricity Madman

Bell WorkBell Work

Please complete the Character Analysis Please complete the Character Analysis worksheet. Be it the Venn diagram, or worksheet. Be it the Venn diagram, or the Triangle side. Fill it in to the best of the Triangle side. Fill it in to the best of your ability.your ability.

We then will put ourselves into groups to We then will put ourselves into groups to discuss our results.discuss our results.

Bell WorkBell Work

If we use Ohm’s LawIf we use Ohm’s Law

I = V/RI = V/RAnd we increase the Voltage, we know that And we increase the Voltage, we know that

the Current also increase.the Current also increase.

What evidence can we use to observe this? What evidence can we use to observe this? How about the brightness of the bulbs? How about the brightness of the bulbs?

Ohm’s LawOhm’s Law

Ohm’s LawOhm’s Law

As the Voltage increases, As the Voltage increases, so does the Currentso does the Current

Ex. Ex. I = V/RI = V/R = 1.5v / 1.5 ohms = 1 amp = 1.5v / 1.5 ohms = 1 amp

= = V/R V/R = 3.0v / 1.5 ohms = 2 amps= 3.0v / 1.5 ohms = 2 amps This statement is Directly Proportionate This statement is Directly Proportionate

when comparing Voltage and Currentwhen comparing Voltage and Current

Ohm’s LawOhm’s Law

As the Resistance As the Resistance increases, the Current increases, the Current decreasesdecreases

Ex. Ex. I = V/RI = V/R = 3.0v / 1.5 ohms = 2 amps = 3.0v / 1.5 ohms = 2 amps

= = V/R V/R = 3.0v / 3.0 ohms = 1 amp= 3.0v / 3.0 ohms = 1 amp This statement is Inversely Proportionate This statement is Inversely Proportionate

when comparing Resistance and Currentwhen comparing Resistance and Current

Electricity VideoElectricity Video

Electricity VideosElectricity Videos #5 Alkaline Batteries#5 Alkaline Batteries #6 Car Batteries#6 Car Batteries #7 Lithium Batteries#7 Lithium Batteries #8 Incandescent Light Bulbs#8 Incandescent Light Bulbs

Magnetic DomainsMagnetic Domains Most metals have Most metals have

domains that are domains that are randomly placedrandomly placed

Being magnetized Being magnetized arranges the domains arranges the domains into one directioninto one direction

Screw driver rubbed on a Screw driver rubbed on a magnet becomes magnet becomes magneticmagnetic

ResistanceResistance A measure of how A measure of how

difficult it is for difficult it is for electrons to flow in a electrons to flow in a material, unit of Ohms.material, unit of Ohms.

Light bulbs work off the Light bulbs work off the idea that there are so idea that there are so many electrons moving many electrons moving through such a small through such a small wire, there is friction, wire, there is friction, causing heat. High causing heat. High resistanceresistance

Resistance is related to length and thickness of wire!!!

Circuit SymbolsCircuit Symbols

Lamp/Light bulbLamp/Light bulb

Battery CellBattery Cell

SwitchSwitch

ResistanceResistance

CircuitryCircuitry

A closed loop is A closed loop is considered a considered a Circuit.Circuit.

There are 2 types; There are 2 types; Series and ParallelSeries and Parallel

Series CircuitSeries Circuit Circuit arranged Circuit arranged

with resistance with resistance (Light bulbs) (Light bulbs) placed one after placed one after another in ONE another in ONE continuous loop continuous loop with a power with a power sourcesource

Lights will go out Lights will go out with one outwith one out

Parallel CircuitParallel Circuit Circuit arranged Circuit arranged

with resistances with resistances (light bulbs) placed (light bulbs) placed on connecting on connecting bridge wires.bridge wires.

Electricity will take Electricity will take the path of least the path of least resistanceresistance

Lights will remain on Lights will remain on with one outwith one out

GeneratorGenerator

A device that A device that can convert can convert kinetic energy kinetic energy into electrical into electrical energyenergy

Electric FieldElectric FieldSurrounds Surrounds every electric every electric charge and charge and exerts a force exerts a force (Magnetically)(Magnetically)

Effects of Electric FieldEffects of Electric Field Compass, Battery, Wires.Compass, Battery, Wires.

When electricity passes through the When electricity passes through the wires, electrons are moving. This wires, electrons are moving. This moving electric charge creates a moving electric charge creates a magnetic fieldmagnetic field

This field can interact with the magnetic This field can interact with the magnetic field of the compassfield of the compass

Right hand ruleRight hand rule Compass VideosCompass Videos

Electric DischargeElectric Discharge The rapid The rapid

movement of movement of excess charge excess charge from one point to from one point to another.another.

Page 13Page 13 Read statements Read statements

under picturesunder pictures

GroundingGrounding Process by which Process by which

a path is created a path is created from an area of from an area of potential electric potential electric discharge and discharge and directed into the directed into the ground (Earth)ground (Earth)

Look around Look around house.house.

Electric CurrentElectric Current Flow of electric Flow of electric

charge charge In solids, flow is In solids, flow is

electronselectrons In liquids, flow is In liquids, flow is

Ions Ions

DC (Batteries)DC (Batteries) AC (Generators)AC (Generators)

Direct Current (DC)

Alternating Current (AC)

Bell WorkBell Work

Which type of Electric Current do you Which type of Electric Current do you think flows out of the sockets in your think flows out of the sockets in your house?house?

A. ACA. ACB. DCB. DC

C. Not sureC. Not sure

Atoms are Atoms are comprised of comprised of Electrons and Electrons and Protons, and most Protons, and most times Neutrons.times Neutrons.

Nucleus held Nucleus held together by Strong together by Strong Nuclear ForceNuclear Force

Protons=(+)Protons=(+) Electrons=(-)Electrons=(-) Neutrons = (Neutrons = (

What level is Electricity?What level is Electricity?Hierarchy of MatterHierarchy of Matter

-Compound or Pure Substance-Compound or Pure Substance

-Molecule-Molecule

-Atomic Level (Atoms) (Electricity)-Atomic Level (Atoms) (Electricity)

-Sub Atomic (-Sub Atomic (Protons, Neutrons, Protons, Neutrons,

ElectronsElectrons))

-Quarks-Quarks

-Strings (Energy)-Strings (Energy)

AttractionAttraction

Materials that are opposite = attractMaterials that are opposite = attract

Materials that are like = repelMaterials that are like = repel

Static Electricity – Is a build up of Electrons Charge from atoms.Static Electricity – Is a build up of Electrons Charge from atoms.

Vocabulary ExtraVocabulary Extra Nissan LEAFNissan LEAF

11stst mass produced all electric capable car. mass produced all electric capable car. 100 miles per charge100 miles per charge 90 mph90 mph

26 minutes (80% charge FAST CHARGE)26 minutes (80% charge FAST CHARGE) 4-8 hours (100% 220V)4-8 hours (100% 220V) 16-18 hours (100% 110V)16-18 hours (100% 110V)

Nissan's Leaf Claims 367 MPG - Is It Better Nissan's Leaf Claims 367 MPG - Is It Better Than The Chevy Volt?Than The Chevy Volt?

Q:Since the Leaf solely runs on electricity, would charging from home dramatically increase my Q:Since the Leaf solely runs on electricity, would charging from home dramatically increase my electricity bill?electricity bill?

A:Based on a US average of $0.11/kWh, a full charge will cost about $2.75. It could be even A:Based on a US average of $0.11/kWh, a full charge will cost about $2.75. It could be even less, if your area has time-of-use rates and you charge at off-peak hours. less, if your area has time-of-use rates and you charge at off-peak hours.

Q:How much performance will be lost when battery is drained? Would I have to crawl my last 25 Q:How much performance will be lost when battery is drained? Would I have to crawl my last 25 miles? My electric drill does that.miles? My electric drill does that.

A:To help you reach a charge point, the LEAF will change its output to extend your range when A:To help you reach a charge point, the LEAF will change its output to extend your range when the battery gets low.the battery gets low.

Q:its great to cut down on vehicle emissions, but shouldn't i worry about the power plant used to Q:its great to cut down on vehicle emissions, but shouldn't i worry about the power plant used to generate the electricity too generate the electricity too

A:Even in its dirtiest form, the grid is 60% cleaner than gas. And it will get cleaner over time, A:Even in its dirtiest form, the grid is 60% cleaner than gas. And it will get cleaner over time, unlike gas. unlike gas.

Vocabulary Puzzle HelpVocabulary Puzzle Help IonIon

An atom that is positively or negatively An atom that is positively or negatively charged.charged.

Charged b/c the total number of electrons is Charged b/c the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protonsnot equal to the total number of protons

Sodium becomesSodium becomes

Positive by losingPositive by losing

An electron.An electron.

To be balanced it To be balanced it

Needs a negativeNeeds a negative

Electron.Electron.

Rules and NamesRules and Names

An anion (An anion (an-eye-onan-eye-on), from the Greek word ), from the Greek word ἀνά (ἀνά (anaana), meaning 'up', is an ion with more ), meaning 'up', is an ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge (since electrons are negative charge (since electrons are negatively charged and protons are negatively charged and protons are positively charged).positively charged).

Conversely, a cation (pronounced /ˈkætaɪən/; Conversely, a cation (pronounced /ˈkætaɪən/; cat-eye-oncat-eye-on), from the Greek word κατά (), from the Greek word κατά (katakata), ), meaning 'down', is an ion with more protons meaning 'down', is an ion with more protons than electrons.than electrons.

Ionic BondingIonic Bonding

When two atoms can share their non-filled When two atoms can share their non-filled shells, they can be attracted and bondedshells, they can be attracted and bonded

VoltageVoltage A measure of the amount of electrical potential A measure of the amount of electrical potential

energy an electron flowing in a circuit can gain, in energy an electron flowing in a circuit can gain, in voltsvolts

As you can see, the voltage is like a piston which As you can see, the voltage is like a piston which pushes the "fluid" through a pipe.pushes the "fluid" through a pipe.