Design criteria for a Total Knee prosthesis for the Indian population
Welcome… Aging, Agility and ArthritisNew Developments Research: Genetic materials Leumedins...
Transcript of Welcome… Aging, Agility and ArthritisNew Developments Research: Genetic materials Leumedins...
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Welcome… Aging, Agility and Arthritis
Abbas Zand, M.D.Orthopedic SurgeonEast Lansing Orthopedic Association
(517) 394-3200
Aging is not what it used to beArthritis — what exactly is it?Possible causes How you can best address the pain and soreness
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Structure and Function of Joints
Skeleton are connected by the joints which allow motion between the partsJoints Classification:– Synovial– Fibrocartilaginous
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Synovial Joints
Allow more or less free movementBones are covered with Hyaline cartilageBone connected by capsule, ligaments, synovial membrane
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Types of Joints
Ball and SocketHingeSaddle
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Examination of Joints
Color, consistency, temperatureSwellingTendernessCrepitationDeformityLimitation of motionMuscle AtrophyNodulesGait Analysis
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Damaged Joint
Bones grind causing pain, stiffness and inflammationCaused by– Fractures– Arthritis– Natural wear and tear– Excessive exercise
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Determining Severity of Your Condition
Physical examinationX-rays, MRI or CAT scanMedical historyAll other treatment methods have failed
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What Is Arthritis?
Inflammation of the joint and soft tissue around it.
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Classification of Arthritis
Infectious caused by microorganismUnproved etiologyDegenerativeTraumaticMetabolic
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Hip Osteoarthritis – What does it look like?
In a healthy hip, cartilage provides a cushion between the
hip ball and socket.
In an arthritic hip, the cartilage has thinned and deteriorated, allowing bone to rub against
bone, causing pain.
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Knee Osteoarthritis – What does it look like?
Healthy Knee Knee with Osteoarthritis
Femur(thigh bone)
Cartilage
Tibia(shin bone
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Knee Osteoarthritis – What does it look like?
Healthy Knee Knee with Osteoarthritis
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Diseases Associated with Arthritis
SarcoidosisRelapsing PolychondritisUlcerative ColitisRegional IleitisWhipple DiseaseSystem LupusPsoriatic
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Demographics of Arthritis
Affects nearly 70 million AmericansThree in seven people suffer from diseaseOccurrence increases after age 45Usually lasts a lifetimeMore women than men have arthritisAffects people of all ages
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Economic Implications
Costs the U.S. economy $64.8 billion per year in medical care and lost wagesAccounts for 427 million days of restricted activity
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Causes
Unknown and likely to be different for the various types of diseaseFactors within your control– Weight– Injuries
Factors you can’t control– Genetics– Unknown and likely to be different for the
various types of disease
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Symptoms
The first symptom is painJoints may feel stiff and difficult to moveSwelling or inflammationFatigue
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Diagnosis
Only a physician can determine if you have arthritis– Physical exam– X-rays– Lab tests
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Treatments
MedicationExerciseHeat or coldCarefully pacing activitiesJoint protectionSelf-help skillsSurgery
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Alternative Of Treatment
Hip joint resectionArthrodesisArthroplastyOsteotomy
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New Developments
Research:Genetic materialsLeumedinsRegular exerciseLosing weight
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So What’s On the Horizon?
Advances in molecular biologyRole of the immune systemUse of biologic response modifiers
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Joint Replacement Surgery
IntroductionHealthy and damaged jointCommon causes of joint painJoint replacement surgery
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Joint Replacement Surgery
Relieves joint pain and restores movement and functionBone is resurfaced with an artificial joint —prosthesisMost commonly performed on knee and hip joints– Also shoulders, fingers, elbows
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Indication of Total Hip Arthroplasy
Degenerative arthritisRheumatoid arthritisAnkylosing spondylitisAvascular necrosisTumorsFracture of the hip
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The Decision Is Yours
Risks involvedSurgical team takes precautionsObtain second opinionMake an appointment with your physicianComplete dental workConsider donating your own blood, orautotransfusion
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Day of Surgery
Admitted to the hospital – Insert intravenous tube (IV) – Administer anesthesia
Surgery lasts two to four or five hoursDamaged bone and cartilage removedEnds of the bones resurfaced and reshapedProsthesis implant secured to the bones for stabilityDrainage tubes inserted into the wound to drain fluids
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Hip Prosthesis Secured To Bone
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Knee Prosthesis Secured To Bone
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Knee Prosthesis Secured To Bone
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After Surgery
Taken to the recovery room, then to orthopedic unitBegin rehabilitation program with physical therapistTake medication as neededLearn new methods from an occupational therapist to help you perform certain daily tasksDischarged two to three days after surgeryDoctor may prescribe pain or other medicationsFollow the recovery instructions
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Post-Operative Follow-Up Examinations
At six weeks, three months, six months and one year after operationFull recovery period normally lasts three to six months
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Benefits of Joint Replacement Surgery
Relieve pain and stiffnessRegain your range of motion and active lifestyleImprovement in the appearance of deformed joints
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Durability of Hip or Knee
Varies from patient to patientDepends on patient’s – Physical condition– Activity level– Weight– Doctor’s skill in surgery – Alignment, placement and balancing of the
joint
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Any Questions?
Thank you.