Department of Mining Engineering ISM Dhanbad

Detection and Delineation of Coal Fire Affected Area of Jharia

Coalfields Using Remote Sensing Techniques and Differential

Global Positioning system (DGPS)

Dr. Dheeraj Kumar B.Tech, M.Tech, Ph.D.(IIT KGP)

www.dkumar.org

dheeraj@dkumar.org

Welcome !

OBJECTIVE

Detection and delineation of coal-fire affected

area in Jharia coalfield using LANDSAT -5

TM data

Preparation of coal fire map (Thermal map) of

Jharia coal field

Calculation of fire affected area(surface and

subsurface fire area) of JCF

2

Location of Study Area

3

The JCF is confined

between

latitudes 23°38' N

and 23°50' N

longitudes 86°07' E

and 86°30' E.

[source: www.google.com]

Jharia is situated at the heart of the Damodar

river valley and is about 250 km NW of

Calcutta and about 1150 km SE of Delhi.

The maximum extent of the coalfield is about

38 km from East to West and 19 km from

North to South.

The total area of Jharia coalfield is 435.24 Sq

Km.

Location map of Jharia Coal Fire (Shown in red) published by

BCCL

MATERIAL USED

Satellite data: LANDSAT TM-5 data has

been used to generate coal fire map of JCF

6

Satellite Sensor Time Row Path

LANDSAT-5 TM Night time 44 140

• Thermal scanning IR camera image

• Scanned topographical map of JCF, scale of 1:50.000;

• Field DGPS data measured within study area

• Software: ERDAS IMAGINE 9.2

The GPS data and Thermal IR images were collected

from the field for ground truth validation

Methodology

7

Remote sensing process

Data Acquisition

Data correction

Data Processing and analyzing (visual and

digital)

Data Interpretation

Data Utilization (involve input of data with

GIS, GPS, Maps, Reports etc)

Results of spatial enhancement, Viewer 1 Adaptive filter enhancement, Viewer 2

Focal analysis enhancement and Viewer 3 Statistical filter enhancement

Results of Radiometric Enhancement. Viewer 1 for Brightness inverse

Enhancement, Viewer 2 for haze Reduction, Viewer 3 for histogram

Enhancement, Viewer 4 for Noise Reduction

Calculation of Radiant Temperature

The Landsat 5TM night time data is used to generate radiant

temperature maps.

Night time data is preferred because the topographic effect at night

is very less i.e. the actual temperature of fire can be measured by

the sensor.

The temperature anomaly of earth’s surface due to coal fires of both

type surface and sub-surface can be mapped by sensing thermal

radiation emitted from the earth surface.

The DN values in Landsat 5TM band-6 data are the most important

for estimating temperature, and were studied carefully.

Calculation of radiant temperature from TM 6 DN values has been

carried out via corresponding spectral radiance values

0

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4

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0 20 40 60 80 100

120

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255

Digital Number (DN)

Sp

ectr

al

Rad

ian

ce

Relation curve of DNs value and spectral radiance from

Landsat 5 TM band 6 data.

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

0 20 40 60 80 100

120

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160

180

200

220

240

255

Digital Number (DN)

Su

rfac

e T

emp

erat

ure

˚C

Relation curve of DNs value and Surface Temperatures

in degree Celsius from Landsat 5TM band 6 data

Coal fire map of JCF obtained from

Landsat -5 TM data

Colour code of surface and subsurface fires of Landsat5 TM band 6 data

Sl No. Colour Temp. Class Remarks

1 Blue < 41°C Background Temperature (Water

area )

2 Yellow 41°C - 50°C Low Intensity Coal Mine Fire (Sub

surface fire Area)

3 Red > 50°C High Intensity Coal Mine Fire

(Surface coal fire Area)

Coal fire area of JCF

Fire Area No of

Histogram

Area in Km2

Surface Fire (Red colour) 37 0.532876

Sub-surface Fire (Yellow

colour)

347 4.996875

Total 384 5.529751

Thermal Imaging Camera

Accuracy is ± 2 % or ± 2 °C of reading

Temperature measurement ranges: 40 °C to 55 °C

40 °C to 120 °C

0 °C to 500 °C

500 °C to 2000 °C

Individual settings per measurement function

External window transmission included in camera algorithms

Use the built-in high resolution viewfinder in bright ambient light conditions

USB Plug & Play connection to PC for fast image download ,RS232

Ground Validation of Satellite Data with DGPS

The ground temperature in the area of coal fires were

obtained by IR image of the thermal scanning

camera.

DGPS was used for validation of radiometric

correction; image transformation & IR image were

used for validation of image temperature of satellite

data.

Thermo-graphic measurement was conducted in

various fire affected areas of JCF using Infrared

The four major components of ground data

collection are

geographical position

attributes (surface properties)

Time

spatial relationship (local geological setting).

The ground data collection was done by

DGPS and thermal scanning camera.

Thermal survey was carried out at different

locations of JCF using ThermaCAM-P65 in

morning hours (6am - 8 am).

Sl. No. Name of the Site Latitude

(00 0’ 0’’ )

Longitude

(00 0’ 0’’ )

IR Camera Image Temp

(oC)

Satellite Image Temp

(ºC)

1 Angar Pathra o1 23 48 02 86 19 31 441 63.35

2 Rai Basti 23 47 04 86 12 50 240 45.14

3 Cheturia Villege 23 47 27 86 17 35 83 30.48

4 Jairampur 23 47 41 86 25 32 375 53.23

5 Bokapaharai 23 45 13 86 24 55 518 71.23

6 Ghanoodih 23 44 23 86 25 54 255 47.54

7 Kujama 23 43 48 86 25 53 70 28.32

8 Shatabdi OCP 23 47 36 86 14 01 471 65.15

9 Bagdigi OCP 23 42 45 86 25 39 423 61.34

10 Jellagora mines 23 42 24 86 25 15 107 30.47

11 Pandebera villege 23 44 09 86 25 33 65 24.56

12 Satabdi Mining area 23 47 39 86 14 38 148 42. 32

13 Lakurka Basti-02 23 47 16 86 18 23 82 25.9 1

14 Dumuda 23 46 02 86 10 15 180 52.78

15 Basjoda Colry 23 46 59 86 22 01 181 46.42

16 N.Tishra 23 43 25 86 27 26 80 25.20

1920C

FIRE AFFECTED AREA AT LODNA (192OC)

CONCLUSION

The aim of the present study was to provide

the status of coal fire in the Jharia coalfield

For the purpose, Landsat 5 TM data of 2005

was used and the coal mine fire map was

prepared.

The analysis of the satellite data indicates the

highest temperature as 69.68.

Most of the coal fires are distributed in

eastern part of the JCF as observed from

prepared coal mine fire map.

CONCLUSION

With the help of thermal imaging camera the

temperature from study area was collected

and it was used to validate the derived

temperatures from satellite image.

The dynamics of coal fires pattern was easy

to understand from coal fire map 2005.

CONCLUSION

The coal mine fire map was classified into

three categories which falls within the same

three categories as described by Mishra.et, al.

2011 i.e.

satellite image temperature > 52°C were of high

intensity of coal mine fire /surface fires,

satellite image temperature > 32 °C & < 52 °C

were of low intensity of coal mine fire/ sub-

surface fires and

satellite image temperature < 32 °C indicates

the background / water bodies temperature.

CONCLUSION

The total fire affected areas calculated from

Landsat5 TM data is 5.53 Km2 which was

obtained after supervised classification of

image.

The National Remote Sensing Agency

(NRSA) has calculated by ASTER data, the

fire areas is 3.01 Km2 in 2006.( NRSA BCCL

report 2006).

THANK YOU