WEEK 4 APA Referencing 2

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REPORTING SOURCES FOR

LITERATURE REVIEW

The APA Style Of Referencing

References :

The Purdue University Writing Lab

Postgraduate Thesis Dissertation Manual, International Islamic University Malaysia


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What is APA ?

American Psychological Association.

(2001). Publication Manual of the

American Psychological Association (6th

ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

For the latest and officialAPA Electronic Reference

Formats" document :

Go to

http://www.apastyle.orgOWL website:

owl.english.purdue.edu
http://www.apastyle.org/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/http://www.apastyle.org/


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Warning :

This part takes an eyefor detail.

In your research academic writing,

proper documentation should be a

priority!


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1. Cross-Referencing Your

SourcesCross-referencingallows readers to locatethe publication

information of sourcematerial. This is ofgreat value forresearchers who may

want to locate yoursources for their ownresearch projects.


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2. Using a Consistent Format

Using a consistentformat helps yourreader understandyour argumentsand the sourcestheyre built on.

It also helps youkeep track of yoursources as youbuild yourarguments.


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3. Establishing Credibility

The proper use ofAPA style shows

the credibility ofwriters; suchwriters showaccountability to

their sourcematerial.


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4. Avoiding Plagiarism

Proper citation of yoursources in APA style

can help you avoidplagiarism, which is aserious offense. Itmay result in anything

from failure of theassignment toexpulsion from theuniversity.


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The Reference Page /List

Your reference list should appear on anew page,at the end of your paper.

It is a list of every source that you makereference to in your essay (each

retrievable source cited in the essay mustappear on the reference list, and viceversa).

It provides the information necessary fora reader to locate and retrieve anysources cited in your essay.

All texts should be double-spaced just likethe essay.


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The Reference Page /List

Most citations should contain the followingbasic information:

Authors name

Title of work

Publication information

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A sample of a referencepage/listReferences

Bowlby, J. (1973).Attachment and loss. New York, NY: Basic

Book.

Festinger, L., Riecken, H., & Schacher, S. (2000). When

prophecy fails. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota

Press.

Johnson, J.E., & Yule, A. (1994). Play and early childhood

development. New York, NY: Addison Wesley

Longman, Inc.


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A sample of a reference

page/list

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References

Klein, J. (1998, October 5). Dizzy days. The New Yorker,

40-45.

Shay, J. (1994). Achilles in Vietnam: Combat trauma and

the undoing of character. New York, NY:

Touchstone.

Shaykh Abd. Rahman Ibn Abd. Latif. (1972).Masahi ulama

najd. Al-Riyad: Dar-al-Yamamah.


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The reference list (APA STYLE)

Use full stop at the end of every entry and after everypart of the entry for example after year, after title, etc.

Write the surnames in full but use only the initials forfirst and middle names.

Write muslim names in full.

Alphabetize group authors, such as associations orgovernment agencies, by the first significant word ofthe name.


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Cont.

If the work is signed anonymous the entry beginswith the word anonymous spelled out, and the entryis alphabetized as if anonymous were a true name.

If there is no author, the title moves to the authorsposition, and the entry is alphabetized by the firstsignificant word of the title.

Treat legal reference like entries with no author; thatis, alphabetize legal references by the firstsignificant item in the entry.

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The reference list (APA STYLE)

NOW, PLEASE FOCUSON THE SPECIFIC

RULES INVOLVED.


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BOOKSSINGLE (1) AUTHOR

Last name first, followed by authors initial. For location,

always list the city and the state using the 2 letter postalabbreviation without periods (New York, NY:)

Bowlby, J. (1973).Attachment and loss. NewYork, NY: Basic Book.

Shaykh Abd. Rahman Ibn Abd. Latif. (1972).Masahi ulama najd. Al-Riyad: Dar-al-

Yamamah.


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BOOKS - 2 AUTHORS

List by their last names and initials, use the symbol (&)instead of and.

Johnson, J.E., & Yule, A. (1994). Play and

early childhood development. New

York, NY: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.


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BOOKS - 3 to 7 AUTHORS

List by last names and initials; commas to separate authornames, while the last author name is preceded againby the symbol.

Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R.,Berry, A., & Harlow, T. (1993). There'smore to self-esteem than whether it is high

or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem.Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 65, 1190-1204.


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BOOKSMORE THAN 7AUTHORS

Harris, M., Karper, E., Stacks, G., Hoffman,

D., DeNiro, R., Cruz, P., Thomas, S.T., Rubin,

L.H. (2006). Writing labs and the Hollywood

connection. Journal of Film and Writing,44(3),

213-245.


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BOOKS - EDITED COLLECTION

Higgins, J. (Ed). (1989). Psychology. New

York, NY: Norton.

Duncan, G.J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.).

(1997). Consequences of growing up

poor. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.


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BOOKSA SPECIFIC EDITION

Brocket, O. (1967).History of the theatre (5th

ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.


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BOOKS- SECOND WORK BY THESAME AUTHOR

Brown, R. (1985). Words and things. New

York, NY: Macmillan.

Brown, R. (1997). Social psychology. New

York, NY: Macmillan.

Note:list the entries by the year

(earliest comes first).


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BOOKS- SECOND WORK BY THESAME AUTHOR IN THE SAME YEAR

Berndt, T. J. (1981a). Age changes and

changes over time in prosocial intentions andbehavior between friends.DevelopmentalPsychology, 17, 408-416.

Berndt, T. J. (1981b). Effects of friendship on

prosocial intentions and behavior. ChildDevelopment, 52, 636-643.


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BOOKS - UNKNOWN AUTHOR

Experimental psychology. (1988). NewYork, NY: Holt Publication.


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CORPORATE AND GOVERNMENTAUTHORSHIP

International Islamic University Malaysia.

(1992).Islamization of knowledge. Malaysia:

Research Centre Publishing.

National Institute of Mental Health. (1990).

Clinical training in serious mental

illness. Washington, DC: U.S. Government

Printing Office.


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RELIGIOUS SOURCES

Al-Quran, Surah Al-Baqarah: 152-153.


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THESIS

Ahmad Zaini Zahid. (1991).A study of sleep of

sleep deprivation and its effects on teenagers.

(Doctoral dissertation, University of

Nebraska).


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ELECTRONIC SOURCES (WEB

PUBLICATIONS)Author, A.A. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title

of online periodical, volume number. Retrievedfrom http://www.someaddress.com/

Chou, L. (1999). Technology andeducation. Retrieved from

http://www.ilt.columbia.html.

New child vaccine gets funding boost.(2000). Retrieved from

http://news/health
http://www.someaddress.com/http://www.ilt.columbia.html/http://news/healthhttp://news/healthhttp://news/healthhttp://www.ilt.columbia.html/http://www.someaddress.com/


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JOURNAL, E-JOURNAL AND

NEWSPAPER ARTICLES

Faisal Othman. ( 1996, October 6). Islam and development.The Star, p. 12.

Parker-Pope, T. (2008). Psychiatry handbook linkedto drug industry. The New York Times. Retrieved from

http://www.nytimes.com

Sawyer, J. (1996). Measurement and prediction. PsychologicalBulletin (3), p. 178-200.


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JOURNAL, E-JOURNAL AND

NEWSPAPER ARTICLES -

NO AUTHOR

Clinton puts human face on health-care plan.

(1993, September 16). The New YorkTimes, p. 11.

Cultivation of positive emotions to optimize

health and well-being. (2000). Preventionand treatment(3), 2000. Retrieved from

http://www.apa.com


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LEGAL CASES

Faridah Dato Talib v Mohd Habibullah.

(1990). 1 MLJ 74.

Ngieng Shiat Yen v Phang Wai Ann. (1995). 3

MLJ 130.


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ACTS

Mental Health System Act, (1988)


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Rubenstein, J.P. (1997). The effects of

television violence on small children. In

B.F. Kane (Ed.) Television and juvenile

psychological development. New York:

American Psychological Society.

ITEMS IN ANTHOLOGY


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TELEVISION AND RADIOPROGRAMMES

Keillor, G. (Producer), & Smith, L.

(Director). (2 Oct., 1993).A prairie

home companion (Radio Program). St.

Louis: KMOX

ONLINE LECTURE NOTES AND


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ONLINE LECTURE NOTES ANDPRESENTATION SLIDES

Provide the file format in brackets after the lecturetitle.

Hallam, A. Duality in consumer theory(PDFdocument). Retrieved from lecture notesonline web site:

http://www.econ.istate/classes/hallam

Roberts, K.F. (1998). Federal regulations inthe environment(Power Point slides).

Retrieved from http://siri.uvm.edu/ppt/
http://www.econ.istate/classes/hallamhttp://www.econ.istate/classes/hallam


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COMPREHENSION

QUESTIONS

WEEK 4 APA Referencing 2

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