Week 10 - Reptilia Aves

8/10/2019 Week 10 - Reptilia Aves

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Next Week!

Exam 3!!

EchinodermataAves

Review Sessions in 182

Sat : 12:00 3:00

Sun: 12:00 3:00

Mon: 2:00 5:00

Mammals! Fetal pig Dissection Pt. 1


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Clade Reptilia

Clade AvesNon-Avian Reptiles & Birds


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Evolutionary Timeline

Huh!This is intriguing


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Clade Chordata

CladeTunicata

CladeCephalochordat

a

Clade Vertebrata

Clade Chondrichthyes

Clade Actinopterygii

Clade Amphibia

Clade Reptilia

Clade Aves

Clade Mammalia

Clade GnathostomataClade Agnatha

Clade Cephalaspidomorphi


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Clade Reptilia v. Clade Aves

Reptilia is PHARAPHYLETIC!

Birds & Reptiles actually belong to the sameclade, as they are more commonly related to

one another than anything else.

Relationship rooted in Dinosaur Clades,adaptations produced feathers.

Treat them separately, which is traditional.


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Treat them separately, because they just seem so DIFFERENT!


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Clade Reptiliai.e. Non-Avian Reptiles


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General Characteristics

Capable of a FULLY terrestriallifestyle

Ectothermic

Tough, scaly skin

3Chambered Heart Except Crocodilia (4)

NegativePressure Breathers Use full capacity of lungs


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Fun Stuff

Reptiles are characterizedby a sprawlingstance

Legs out to the sides

Cant breath and run atthe same time.

Be thankful for yourpalate!


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Reptilian Reproduction

Development of Amniotic, shelledegg Embryo in own watery environment, enclosed by the

amnion membrane

Surrounded by shell; gases can enter, but water cant get

out.

Required internal fertilization & specific copulatoryorgans


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Fully Terrestrial

Adaptations that solved the 2 things keepingAmphibians tied to aquatic habitats

THIN SKIN = Reptiles have waterproof scales

AQUATIC REPRODUCTION = Amniotic eggs


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Anapsid vs. Diapsid vs. Synapsid

Turtles Crocs, snakes, lizards Mammals

Two openings in the skull behind orbitIncreases bite strength

& maneuverabilityNo openings in the skull One opening in skull


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Turtle

Dissection

Plastron hard shellcovering ventral side(flatpiece of shell onbelly)

Carapace hard shellcovering dorsal side(rounded, patternedpiece of shell on back)

Trachea passage forair to flow to lungs(look for a ribbed tube,paired with the

esophagus)


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Look for: trachea, esophagus, heart, liver, gallbladder, stomach, intestine,

plastron/carapace, trachea, kidneys, gonads


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Better Pictures

Plasteron Carapace


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USE THE FORCE!!!

No seriously, you will probably have to use thelittle chisel to open the turtles the rest of the wayup.

We also have Tin snips. They SHOULD be cut on 1-2sides already.

We also have snakes! Thats new!

Basically a longer turtle, not tested on.

Dissecting a snake make SURE to check out a turtle


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Clade Aves


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BIRDS ARE AWESOME

Phenominal vocal abilitites

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjE0Kdfos4Y

Super effective hunters (humans use it!) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNEplaYZtpI

Elaborate courtship rituals

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L54bxmZy_NE

Great Hearing too

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeFxdkaFzRA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjE0Kdfos4Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNEplaYZtpIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L54bxmZy_NEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L54bxmZy_NEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNEplaYZtpIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjE0Kdfos4Y


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General Characteristics

Endothermic

Flight Modification Forelimbs = Wings

Feathers If it has feathers, its a bird. Bones light, hollow, really pneumatized Super efficient respiratory system Well-developed sensory organs Concentrate urine

4chambered heart

E id f R tili


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Evidence of ReptilianAncestry

Scaled Legs

Amniotic eggs

Skeletal smiliarities

Feathers first evolved for insulation purposes

Modified Scales

Flight

Ground up!

Ground runners

Wings help stabalize

Effi i t R i t


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Efficient RespiratorySystem

Unidirectional air flow

Lungs & air sacs

No dead air space

Fresh air ispresented to capillaries

at all times

Odd Video


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The Keel

Specialized extensionof the breastbone

Strong, large anchorfor powerful flightmuscles

Look for it in

dissection!


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AND NOW!For your TAs favorite

Reproductive WarfareExample

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6k01DIVDJlY

Prepare to never be the same


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Pigeon

Dissection

Crop is used to store food.(Think of the earthworm!)

Trachea is cartilagenous tube,Looks like there are a series ofTough Cs running down it.

Goes to LUNGS

Esophogous lies BEHIND theTrachea.

Goes to stomach


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More Problems!

Everything you will be looking for will be coveredby all the very thick breast tissue

Cut down the muscles

May be easier to remove feathers first

Once you GET to the keel (Bony part) pull it out.

Try tin snips if desperate

BUT once its off you can see pretty much everythingimmediately!

Be gentle with the neck! If you tear the crop youllhave seeds everywhere


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Important Comparisons!

Feature Chondrichthyes Actinopterygii Amphibia Reptilia Aves

Chambers inheart

2 (1A, 1V) 2 (1A, 1V) 3 (2A, 1V) 3 (2A, 1V)Crocs: 4

4 (2A, 2V)

Respiration Gills Gills Lungs & Skin(Larvae = gills)

+

Lungs

-

Lungs

-

HeatRegulation

Ectothermic Ectothermic Ectothermic Ectothermic Endothermic

Skeleton Cartilaginous Bony Bony Bony Bony(Pnematized)


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Reptiles Worksheet

1. Compare and contrast thereproduction of amphibians

and reptiles.


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Answer:

Reptiles have internal fertilization, with eggsthat can be laid.

For the eggs to survive outside the aquaticenvironment, they have a shell, which alsoprovides a safer environment for thedevelopment of embryos.

These adaptations allowed for the greaterseparation from the aquatic environment,allowing them to exploit new terrestrial niches.


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Question 2:

In terms of evolution, reptiles were thefirst truly terrestrial vertebrates. Severalimportant changes had to occur for thetransition to terrestrial life. Name em.


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Answer:

1. Development of a shelled amniotic egg

2. Development of a tough protective skin

3. More efficient, high-pressure circulation

4. More efficient lungs

5. Internal fertilization

6. Somewhat more modified nervous system


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Question 3:

Living reptiles belong to two of threeamniotic lineages that appeared in theLate Paleozoic: anapsid, diapsid, and

synapsid. This condition allowed for threeimportant adaptations. Name em.


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Answer:

1. Lightened the skull

2. Furnished edges for jaw muscle

attachment

3. Provided space that allowed the jawmuscles to bulge when the jaw isclosed.


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Question 4:

How does the skin of a reptilecompare to that of the frog? Why

is it different?


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Answer:

Reptiles have tough, dry, scaly skinthat allows protection against

desiccation and physical injury. Thisis another characteristic that enabledreptiles to move further in-land and

that separates them fromamphibians.


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Bird Worksheet

Name some of theAdaptations for flight that

have made birds so successful/


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Answer:

Specialized body shape

Light, honeycomb bones

Feathers

Air sacs as part of respiratory system, that also add buoyancy

Acute sight with depth of field

Higher metabolism

Sternum to act as a keel


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Question 2:

Mostly observational.

What Questions do you have?

Week 10 - Reptilia Aves

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